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NEET ]1[ Contd...
NEET Biology - Biomolecules
Instructions:
- Each question has four options (1), (2), (3), (4). Choose the most correct answer.
- Each correct answer carries 4 marks.
- Each wrong answer will deduct 1 marks.
- Unanswered questions will not be penalised.
1.Which statement best represents the NCERT/PDF conclusion after comparing living tissue with earth’s crust?
2.After grinding living tissue in trichloroacetic acid and straining the slurry, the filtrate is technically called:
3.Which material is called ash in the destructive experiment described in the chapter?
4.All carbon compounds obtained from living tissues are called:
5.Which element is high in earth’s crust but negligible in the human body according to Table 9.1?
6.Alpha-amino acids are so called because the amino and acidic groups are present on the:
7.Which pair is correctly matched?
8.The structure of amino acids changes in solutions of different pH mainly because of the ionizable nature of:
9.Which statement is true for lipids as described in the chapter?
10.Which fatty acid has 20 carbon atoms including the carboxyl carbon?
11.Glycerol is chemically described in the chapter as:
12.Which option correctly identifies a phospholipid example mentioned in the chapter?
13.A nitrogen base attached to a sugar is called a:
14.DNA and RNA are described as consisting of:
15.The biomolecules/categories of compounds shown in Figure 9.1 and present in animal tissues are called:
16.Which one is listed as a secondary metabolite category in Table 9.3?
17.Compounds in the acid-soluble pool have molecular weights approximately in the range:
18.Which class is present in the acid-insoluble fraction but is not strictly a macromolecule?
19.The most abundant chemical in living organisms is:
20.Proteins are best described as:
21.Essential amino acids are called essential because they:
22.Which option correctly gives the most abundant protein in the whole biosphere?
23.Which polysaccharide can hold iodine molecules in its helical portion and gives blue colour?
24.Inulin is a polymer of:
25.A nucleotide contains all except:
26.Which option contains only substituted purines according to the chapter?
27.The first amino acid in a protein chain is called the:
28.Tertiary structure is compared in the chapter to:
29.Some nucleic acids that behave like enzymes are called:
30.Enzymes that catalyse linking together of two compounds are:
31.Identify the correct statements about elemental analysis.
A. Plant, animal and microbial tissues can be analysed for elements per unit mass.
B. Earth’s crust gives a completely unrelated elemental list.
C. In absolute terms, no difference in elements can be made out between earth’s crust and living tissue.
D. Carbon and hydrogen are relatively more abundant in living organisms than in earth’s crust.
A. Plant, animal and microbial tissues can be analysed for elements per unit mass.
B. Earth’s crust gives a completely unrelated elemental list.
C. In absolute terms, no difference in elements can be made out between earth’s crust and living tissue.
D. Carbon and hydrogen are relatively more abundant in living organisms than in earth’s crust.
32.Choose the correct statements for the TCA analysis method.
A. Living tissue is ground in trichloroacetic acid.
B. Straining produces only one fraction.
C. Filtrate is acid-soluble pool.
D. Retentate is acid-insoluble fraction.
E. Acid-soluble pool contains thousands of organic compounds.
A. Living tissue is ground in trichloroacetic acid.
B. Straining produces only one fraction.
C. Filtrate is acid-soluble pool.
D. Retentate is acid-insoluble fraction.
E. Acid-soluble pool contains thousands of organic compounds.
33.Which statements are correct?
A. Living organisms have inorganic elements and compounds.
B. Wet weight is measured after complete removal of water.
C. Ash remains after carbon compounds are oxidised to gaseous forms.
D. Inorganic compounds like sulphate and phosphate are seen in acid-soluble fraction.
A. Living organisms have inorganic elements and compounds.
B. Wet weight is measured after complete removal of water.
C. Ash remains after carbon compounds are oxidised to gaseous forms.
D. Inorganic compounds like sulphate and phosphate are seen in acid-soluble fraction.
34.Identify the correct statements from the tables.
A. Silicon is negligible in the human body.
B. Sodium is listed as Na+ in representative inorganic constituents.
C. Carbon percentage is higher in earth’s crust than in the human body.
D. Water is listed as an inorganic constituent of living tissues.
A. Silicon is negligible in the human body.
B. Sodium is listed as Na+ in representative inorganic constituents.
C. Carbon percentage is higher in earth’s crust than in the human body.
D. Water is listed as an inorganic constituent of living tissues.
35.Which statements about amino acids are correct?
A. They contain amino and acidic groups on the same alpha carbon.
B. The R group is fixed as methyl in all amino acids.
C. Glutamic acid is acidic, lysine is basic and valine is neutral.
D. Tyrosine, phenylalanine and tryptophan are aromatic amino acids.
A. They contain amino and acidic groups on the same alpha carbon.
B. The R group is fixed as methyl in all amino acids.
C. Glutamic acid is acidic, lysine is basic and valine is neutral.
D. Tyrosine, phenylalanine and tryptophan are aromatic amino acids.
36.Select the correct statements.
A. Only twenty amino acids occur in proteins.
B. Glycine has hydrogen as its R group.
C. Alanine has hydroxy methyl as its R group.
D. Amino acid properties depend only on the carboxyl group.
A. Only twenty amino acids occur in proteins.
B. Glycine has hydrogen as its R group.
C. Alanine has hydroxy methyl as its R group.
D. Amino acid properties depend only on the carboxyl group.
37.Which statements about lipids are correct?
A. Lipids are generally water insoluble.
B. A fatty acid contains a carboxyl group attached to an R group.
C. Saturated fatty acids contain one or more C=C double bonds.
D. Glycerol is trihydroxy propane.
E. Oils have lower melting point than fats.
A. Lipids are generally water insoluble.
B. A fatty acid contains a carboxyl group attached to an R group.
C. Saturated fatty acids contain one or more C=C double bonds.
D. Glycerol is trihydroxy propane.
E. Oils have lower melting point than fats.
38.Identify the correct statements.
A. Phospholipids contain phosphorus and a phosphorylated organic compound.
B. Lecithin is an example of phospholipid.
C. Phospholipids are found in cell membrane.
D. Neural tissues never have complex lipids.
A. Phospholipids contain phosphorus and a phosphorylated organic compound.
B. Lecithin is an example of phospholipid.
C. Phospholipids are found in cell membrane.
D. Neural tissues never have complex lipids.
39.Choose the correct statements.
A. Adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil and thymine are nitrogen bases.
B. A base attached to sugar is a nucleotide.
C. A phosphate esterified to sugar converts the structure into a nucleotide.
D. Adenosine is a nucleoside while adenylic acid is a nucleotide.
A. Adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil and thymine are nitrogen bases.
B. A base attached to sugar is a nucleotide.
C. A phosphate esterified to sugar converts the structure into a nucleotide.
D. Adenosine is a nucleoside while adenylic acid is a nucleotide.
40.Which statements are correct?
A. Biomolecules can be called metabolites.
B. Animal tissues contain primary metabolites represented in Figure 9.1.
C. All roles of secondary metabolites in host organisms are completely understood.
D. Some secondary metabolites are useful to human welfare.
A. Biomolecules can be called metabolites.
B. Animal tissues contain primary metabolites represented in Figure 9.1.
C. All roles of secondary metabolites in host organisms are completely understood.
D. Some secondary metabolites are useful to human welfare.
41.Select the correctly stated secondary metabolite examples.
A. Pigments — carotenoids, anthocyanins
B. Alkaloids — morphine, codeine
C. Lectins — concanavalin A
D. Drugs — abrin, ricin
E. Toxins — vinblastin, curcumin
A. Pigments — carotenoids, anthocyanins
B. Alkaloids — morphine, codeine
C. Lectins — concanavalin A
D. Drugs — abrin, ricin
E. Toxins — vinblastin, curcumin
42.Which statements are correct?
A. Acid-soluble pool molecules range from 18 to around 800 Da.
B. Acid-insoluble fraction contains proteins, nucleic acids, polysaccharides and lipids.
C. Lipids are strictly macromolecules because their molecular weight exceeds 10,000 Da.
D. Lipids enter the macromolecular fraction due to membrane association.
A. Acid-soluble pool molecules range from 18 to around 800 Da.
B. Acid-insoluble fraction contains proteins, nucleic acids, polysaccharides and lipids.
C. Lipids are strictly macromolecules because their molecular weight exceeds 10,000 Da.
D. Lipids enter the macromolecular fraction due to membrane association.
43.Choose correct statements.
A. Membrane fragments form water-insoluble vesicles after grinding.
B. These vesicles separate with the acid-insoluble pool.
C. Acid-soluble pool roughly represents cytoplasmic composition.
D. Acid-insoluble and acid-soluble fractions together represent only inorganic composition.
A. Membrane fragments form water-insoluble vesicles after grinding.
B. These vesicles separate with the acid-insoluble pool.
C. Acid-soluble pool roughly represents cytoplasmic composition.
D. Acid-insoluble and acid-soluble fractions together represent only inorganic composition.
44.Identify correct entries of average cellular composition.
A. Water: 70–90%
B. Proteins: 10–15%
C. Lipids: 5–7%
D. Ions: 1%
A. Water: 70–90%
B. Proteins: 10–15%
C. Lipids: 5–7%
D. Ions: 1%
45.Select the correct statements about proteins.
A. Proteins are polypeptides.
B. Peptide bonds link amino acids.
C. Protein is a homopolymer because all amino acids are identical.
D. Dietary proteins are sources of essential amino acids.
A. Proteins are polypeptides.
B. Peptide bonds link amino acids.
C. Protein is a homopolymer because all amino acids are identical.
D. Dietary proteins are sources of essential amino acids.
46.Which statements are correct according to Table 9.5?
A. Collagen — intercellular ground substance
B. Trypsin — hormone
C. Insulin — hormone
D. GLUT-4 — enables glucose transport into cells
A. Collagen — intercellular ground substance
B. Trypsin — hormone
C. Insulin — hormone
D. GLUT-4 — enables glucose transport into cells
47.Choose the correct statement set.
A. Collagen is the most abundant protein in animal world.
B. RuBisCO is the most abundant protein in the whole biosphere.
C. Insulin is the most abundant protein in animal world.
D. Trypsin is the most abundant protein in the biosphere.
A. Collagen is the most abundant protein in animal world.
B. RuBisCO is the most abundant protein in the whole biosphere.
C. Insulin is the most abundant protein in animal world.
D. Trypsin is the most abundant protein in the biosphere.
48.Which statements are correct?
A. Polysaccharides occur in the acid-insoluble pellet.
B. Polysaccharides are long chains of sugars.
C. Cellulose is a homopolymer of glucose.
D. Inulin is a polymer of glucose.
A. Polysaccharides occur in the acid-insoluble pellet.
B. Polysaccharides are long chains of sugars.
C. Cellulose is a homopolymer of glucose.
D. Inulin is a polymer of glucose.
49.Identify correct statements.
A. In glycogen, the right end is reducing and the left end is non-reducing.
B. Starch forms helical secondary structures.
C. Starch-iodine complex is blue.
D. Cellulose contains complex helices and therefore holds iodine.
A. In glycogen, the right end is reducing and the left end is non-reducing.
B. Starch forms helical secondary structures.
C. Starch-iodine complex is blue.
D. Cellulose contains complex helices and therefore holds iodine.
50.Which statements are correct?
A. Plant cell walls are made of cellulose.
B. Paper from plant pulp and cotton fibre is cellulosic.
C. Arthropod exoskeleton contains chitin.
D. Complex polysaccharides are mostly heteropolymers according to this chapter.
A. Plant cell walls are made of cellulose.
B. Paper from plant pulp and cotton fibre is cellulosic.
C. Arthropod exoskeleton contains chitin.
D. Complex polysaccharides are mostly heteropolymers according to this chapter.
51.Select the correct statements.
A. Nucleic acids are polynucleotides.
B. Nucleotide has heterocyclic compound, monosaccharide and phosphate.
C. Adenine and guanine are substituted pyrimidines.
D. DNA contains deoxyribose while RNA contains ribose.
A. Nucleic acids are polynucleotides.
B. Nucleotide has heterocyclic compound, monosaccharide and phosphate.
C. Adenine and guanine are substituted pyrimidines.
D. DNA contains deoxyribose while RNA contains ribose.
52.Which statements are correct?
A. Biologists describe protein structure at four levels.
B. Primary structure is amino acid sequence.
C. Proteins show only left-handed helices.
D. Tertiary structure gives a three-dimensional view of protein.
A. Biologists describe protein structure at four levels.
B. Primary structure is amino acid sequence.
C. Proteins show only left-handed helices.
D. Tertiary structure gives a three-dimensional view of protein.
53.Choose the correct statements.
A. First amino acid is N-terminal.
B. Last amino acid is C-terminal.
C. Quaternary structure is arrangement of folded polypeptide subunits.
D. Adult human haemoglobin has two subunits only.
A. First amino acid is N-terminal.
B. Last amino acid is C-terminal.
C. Quaternary structure is arrangement of folded polypeptide subunits.
D. Adult human haemoglobin has two subunits only.
54.Identify the correct statements.
A. Almost all enzymes are proteins.
B. Ribozymes are nucleic acids with enzyme-like activity.
C. Active site is a crevice or pocket into which substrate fits.
D. Enzymes catalyse through their active site at high rate.
A. Almost all enzymes are proteins.
B. Ribozymes are nucleic acids with enzyme-like activity.
C. Active site is a crevice or pocket into which substrate fits.
D. Enzymes catalyse through their active site at high rate.
55.Which statements are correct?
A. Inorganic catalysts work efficiently at high temperature and high pressure.
B. Ordinary enzymes get damaged at high temperatures above about 40°C.
C. Thermophilic enzymes can retain catalytic power at 80–90°C.
D. All enzymes are permanently destroyed at 40°C irrespective of source.
A. Inorganic catalysts work efficiently at high temperature and high pressure.
B. Ordinary enzymes get damaged at high temperatures above about 40°C.
C. Thermophilic enzymes can retain catalytic power at 80–90°C.
D. All enzymes are permanently destroyed at 40°C irrespective of source.
56.Select the correct statements.
A. Physical change may involve change in shape without breaking bonds.
B. Ice melting into water is a physical process.
C. Chemical reaction involves breaking and forming bonds.
D. Hydrolysis of starch into glucose is an inorganic chemical reaction.
A. Physical change may involve change in shape without breaking bonds.
B. Ice melting into water is a physical process.
C. Chemical reaction involves breaking and forming bonds.
D. Hydrolysis of starch into glucose is an inorganic chemical reaction.
57.Which statements about rate are correct?
A. Rate is product formed per unit time.
B. Rate can be expressed as delta P/delta t.
C. Rate can be called velocity if direction is specified.
D. Catalysed reactions are slower than uncatalysed reactions.
A. Rate is product formed per unit time.
B. Rate can be expressed as delta P/delta t.
C. Rate can be called velocity if direction is specified.
D. Catalysed reactions are slower than uncatalysed reactions.
58.Choose correct statements about carbonic anhydrase.
A. It catalyses CO2 + H2O to H2CO3.
B. Without enzyme, around 200 H2CO3 molecules form in an hour.
C. With enzyme, about 600,000 molecules form every second.
D. It accelerates the reaction by about ten times only.
A. It catalyses CO2 + H2O to H2CO3.
B. Without enzyme, around 200 H2CO3 molecules form in an hour.
C. With enzyme, about 600,000 molecules form every second.
D. It accelerates the reaction by about ten times only.
59.Which statements are correct?
A. A multistep reaction with steps catalysed by enzymes is a metabolic pathway.
B. Glucose becomes pyruvic acid through ten enzyme-catalysed reactions.
C. In skeletal muscle under anaerobic conditions, lactic acid is formed.
D. In yeast fermentation, the pathway produces pyruvic acid as final fermentation product mentioned here.
A. A multistep reaction with steps catalysed by enzymes is a metabolic pathway.
B. Glucose becomes pyruvic acid through ten enzyme-catalysed reactions.
C. In skeletal muscle under anaerobic conditions, lactic acid is formed.
D. In yeast fermentation, the pathway produces pyruvic acid as final fermentation product mentioned here.
60.Select the correct statements.
A. The chemical converted into product is the substrate.
B. ES complex formation is obligatory and transient.
C. Transition state structure forms while substrate is bound to the active site.
D. Intermediate altered structural states are all stable.
A. The chemical converted into product is the substrate.
B. ES complex formation is obligatory and transient.
C. Transition state structure forms while substrate is bound to the active site.
D. Intermediate altered structural states are all stable.
61.Which statements are correct?
A. In the activation energy graph, y-axis represents potential energy.
B. X-axis represents progress of structural transformation.
C. Activation energy is the difference between substrate average energy and transition state energy.
D. Enzymes increase the activation energy barrier.
A. In the activation energy graph, y-axis represents potential energy.
B. X-axis represents progress of structural transformation.
C. Activation energy is the difference between substrate average energy and transition state energy.
D. Enzymes increase the activation energy barrier.
62.Identify the correct statements.
A. ES complex is highly reactive.
B. ES complex dissociates into product(s) and unchanged enzyme through EP complex.
C. The catalytic cycle includes product release and reuse of free enzyme.
D. The enzyme is consumed permanently in the reaction.
A. ES complex is highly reactive.
B. ES complex dissociates into product(s) and unchanged enzyme through EP complex.
C. The catalytic cycle includes product release and reuse of free enzyme.
D. The enzyme is consumed permanently in the reaction.
63.Which statements are correct?
A. Temperature, pH, substrate concentration and regulatory chemicals can affect enzyme activity.
B. Enzymes function generally in a narrow range of temperature and pH.
C. Low temperature temporarily inactivates enzymes.
D. Vmax is exceeded when extra substrate is added after enzyme saturation.
A. Temperature, pH, substrate concentration and regulatory chemicals can affect enzyme activity.
B. Enzymes function generally in a narrow range of temperature and pH.
C. Low temperature temporarily inactivates enzymes.
D. Vmax is exceeded when extra substrate is added after enzyme saturation.
64.Select the correct statements.
A. A chemical that shuts off enzyme activity is an inhibitor.
B. Competitive inhibitor resembles substrate in molecular structure.
C. Malonate inhibits succinic dehydrogenase by resembling succinate.
D. Competitive inhibitors cannot be used in bacterial pathogen control.
A. A chemical that shuts off enzyme activity is an inhibitor.
B. Competitive inhibitor resembles substrate in molecular structure.
C. Malonate inhibits succinic dehydrogenase by resembling succinate.
D. Competitive inhibitors cannot be used in bacterial pathogen control.
65.Which statements are correct?
A. Enzymes are divided into six classes.
B. Transferases transfer hydrogen only between substrates.
C. Hydrolases catalyse hydrolysis of peptide and glycosidic bonds among others.
D. Isomerases catalyse interconversion of optical, geometric or positional isomers.
A. Enzymes are divided into six classes.
B. Transferases transfer hydrogen only between substrates.
C. Hydrolases catalyse hydrolysis of peptide and glycosidic bonds among others.
D. Isomerases catalyse interconversion of optical, geometric or positional isomers.
66.Choose the correct statements.
A. Cofactors are non-protein constituents that can make enzymes catalytically active.
B. Apoenzyme is the protein portion of such enzymes.
C. Prosthetic groups are tightly bound to apoenzyme.
D. Co-enzymes are permanently and tightly bound like prosthetic groups.
A. Cofactors are non-protein constituents that can make enzymes catalytically active.
B. Apoenzyme is the protein portion of such enzymes.
C. Prosthetic groups are tightly bound to apoenzyme.
D. Co-enzymes are permanently and tightly bound like prosthetic groups.
67.Which statements are correct?
A. Haem is prosthetic group in peroxidase and catalase.
B. NAD and NADP contain vitamin niacin.
C. Zinc is a cofactor for carboxypeptidase.
D. Removing the cofactor has no effect on catalytic activity.
A. Haem is prosthetic group in peroxidase and catalase.
B. NAD and NADP contain vitamin niacin.
C. Zinc is a cofactor for carboxypeptidase.
D. Removing the cofactor has no effect on catalytic activity.
68.Identify the correct summary statements.
A. Chemical composition and metabolic reactions appear remarkably similar among living organisms.
B. Small molecular weight biomolecules are less than 1000 Da.
C. There are 20 types of amino acids and 5 types of nucleotides.
D. Nucleic acids carry hereditary information.
A. Chemical composition and metabolic reactions appear remarkably similar among living organisms.
B. Small molecular weight biomolecules are less than 1000 Da.
C. There are 20 types of amino acids and 5 types of nucleotides.
D. Nucleic acids carry hereditary information.
69.Select the correct statements from the summary.
A. Fats and oils are glycerides.
B. Phospholipids contain a phosphorylated nitrogenous compound in addition.
C. Only three types of macromolecules are found in living systems: proteins, nucleic acids and polysaccharides.
D. Lipids separate in macromolecular fraction because of membrane association.
A. Fats and oils are glycerides.
B. Phospholipids contain a phosphorylated nitrogenous compound in addition.
C. Only three types of macromolecules are found in living systems: proteins, nucleic acids and polysaccharides.
D. Lipids separate in macromolecular fraction because of membrane association.
70.Which statements are correct?
A. Nucleotide = base + sugar + phosphate.
B. Nucleoside = base + sugar.
C. Acid-insoluble fraction contains lipids though lipids are not strictly macromolecules.
D. DNA is ribonucleic acid because it contains ribose.
A. Nucleotide = base + sugar + phosphate.
B. Nucleoside = base + sugar.
C. Acid-insoluble fraction contains lipids though lipids are not strictly macromolecules.
D. DNA is ribonucleic acid because it contains ribose.
71.Choose the correct set of examples.
A. Lysine — basic amino acid
B. Lecithin — phospholipid
C. RuBisCO — most abundant protein in animal world
D. Zinc — cofactor for carboxypeptidase
A. Lysine — basic amino acid
B. Lecithin — phospholipid
C. RuBisCO — most abundant protein in animal world
D. Zinc — cofactor for carboxypeptidase
72.Which statements are correct?
A. TCA grinding and straining separates acid-soluble and acid-insoluble fractions.
B. Chemical reactions involve bond breaking and bond formation.
C. Enzyme action necessarily passes through the ES complex.
D. Enzymes raise activation energy to speed up reaction.
A. TCA grinding and straining separates acid-soluble and acid-insoluble fractions.
B. Chemical reactions involve bond breaking and bond formation.
C. Enzyme action necessarily passes through the ES complex.
D. Enzymes raise activation energy to speed up reaction.
73.Which of the following is incorrect about chemical analysis of living tissue?
74.Which pair is wrongly matched according to Tables 9.1 and 9.2?
75.Identify the incorrectly matched pair.
76.Which statement is not true about amino acids in this chapter?
77.Which statement about lipids is incorrect?
78.Which of the following is not supported by the chapter?
79.Which statement is incorrect?
80.Which pair does not belong to Table 9.3?
81.Which statement is not true?
82.Which of the following is incorrectly matched with average cellular composition?
83.Which statement is incorrect about proteins?
84.Which pair is incorrectly matched?
85.Which statement is incorrect?
86.Which is wrongly matched?
87.Which statement is not true?
88.Which option is incorrect?
89.Which statement is incorrect about protein structure?
90.Which statement is not true?
91.Which statement is incorrect?
92.Which statement is not correct?
93.Which end-product statement is incorrect?
94.Which statement contradicts the chapter?
95.Which statement is incorrect?
96.Match List-I with List-II.
List-I: A. Silicon in human body B. Carbon in human body C. Sodium ion D. Water
List-II: I. Na+ II. H2O III. negligible IV. 18.5%
List-I: A. Silicon in human body B. Carbon in human body C. Sodium ion D. Water
List-II: I. Na+ II. H2O III. negligible IV. 18.5%
97.Match amino acid with description.
A. Glycine B. Alanine C. Glutamic acid D. Lysine
I. Basic amino acid II. Hydrogen as R group III. Methyl as R group IV. Acidic amino acid
A. Glycine B. Alanine C. Glutamic acid D. Lysine
I. Basic amino acid II. Hydrogen as R group III. Methyl as R group IV. Acidic amino acid
98.Match List-I with List-II.
A. Valine B. Tyrosine C. Phenylalanine D. Tryptophan
I. Aromatic amino acid II. Neutral amino acid
A. Valine B. Tyrosine C. Phenylalanine D. Tryptophan
I. Aromatic amino acid II. Neutral amino acid
99.Match List-I with List-II.
A. Palmitic acid B. Arachidonic acid C. Glycerol D. Lecithin
I. Trihydroxy propane II. 16 carbon fatty acid III. Phospholipid IV. 20 carbon fatty acid
A. Palmitic acid B. Arachidonic acid C. Glycerol D. Lecithin
I. Trihydroxy propane II. 16 carbon fatty acid III. Phospholipid IV. 20 carbon fatty acid
100.Match List-I with List-II.
A. Adenosine B. Uridine C. Adenylic acid D. Cytidylic acid
I. Nucleotide II. Nucleoside
A. Adenosine B. Uridine C. Adenylic acid D. Cytidylic acid
I. Nucleotide II. Nucleoside
101.Match secondary metabolite category with example.
A. Pigments B. Alkaloids C. Toxins D. Drugs
I. Morphine, codeine II. Vinblastin, curcumin III. Carotenoids, anthocyanins IV. Abrin, ricin
A. Pigments B. Alkaloids C. Toxins D. Drugs
I. Morphine, codeine II. Vinblastin, curcumin III. Carotenoids, anthocyanins IV. Abrin, ricin
102.Match List-I with List-II.
A. Essential oils B. Lectins C. Polymeric substances D. Terpenoides
I. Rubber, gums, cellulose II. Concanavalin A III. Lemon grass oil IV. Monoterpenes, diterpenes
A. Essential oils B. Lectins C. Polymeric substances D. Terpenoides
I. Rubber, gums, cellulose II. Concanavalin A III. Lemon grass oil IV. Monoterpenes, diterpenes
103.Match List-I with List-II.
A. Acid-soluble pool B. Acid-insoluble fraction C. Lipids D. Combined fractions
I. 18–800 Da approximate II. Proteins/nucleic acids/polysaccharides/lipids III. Not strictly macromolecules IV. Entire chemical composition
A. Acid-soluble pool B. Acid-insoluble fraction C. Lipids D. Combined fractions
I. 18–800 Da approximate II. Proteins/nucleic acids/polysaccharides/lipids III. Not strictly macromolecules IV. Entire chemical composition
104.Match component with average cellular mass percentage.
A. Water B. Proteins C. Lipids D. Ions
I. 2 II. 1 III. 70–90 IV. 10–15
A. Water B. Proteins C. Lipids D. Ions
I. 2 II. 1 III. 70–90 IV. 10–15
105.Match proteins with functions.
A. Collagen B. Trypsin C. Insulin D. Antibody
I. Enzyme II. Hormone III. Fights infectious agents IV. Intercellular ground substance
A. Collagen B. Trypsin C. Insulin D. Antibody
I. Enzyme II. Hormone III. Fights infectious agents IV. Intercellular ground substance
106.Match protein with function.
A. Receptor B. GLUT-4 C. Trypsin D. Insulin
I. Enables glucose transport into cells II. Sensory reception III. Hormone IV. Enzyme
A. Receptor B. GLUT-4 C. Trypsin D. Insulin
I. Enables glucose transport into cells II. Sensory reception III. Hormone IV. Enzyme
107.Match polysaccharide or related item with description.
A. Cellulose B. Starch C. Inulin D. Chitin
I. Polymer of fructose II. Arthropod exoskeleton III. Homopolymer of glucose IV. Plant energy storehouse
A. Cellulose B. Starch C. Inulin D. Chitin
I. Polymer of fructose II. Arthropod exoskeleton III. Homopolymer of glucose IV. Plant energy storehouse
108.Match List-I with List-II.
A. Nucleotide B. Adenine + guanine C. Uracil + cytosine + thymine D. DNA sugar
I. Substituted purines II. Substituted pyrimidines III. Heterocycle + sugar + phosphate IV. 2'-deoxyribose
A. Nucleotide B. Adenine + guanine C. Uracil + cytosine + thymine D. DNA sugar
I. Substituted purines II. Substituted pyrimidines III. Heterocycle + sugar + phosphate IV. 2'-deoxyribose
109.Match protein structure level with description.
A. Primary B. Secondary C. Tertiary D. Quaternary
I. Arrangement of subunits II. Amino acid sequence III. Folding into 3-D hollow woollen ball-like form IV. Helix/other local folds
A. Primary B. Secondary C. Tertiary D. Quaternary
I. Arrangement of subunits II. Amino acid sequence III. Folding into 3-D hollow woollen ball-like form IV. Helix/other local folds
110.Match enzyme-action term with meaning.
A. Substrate B. ES complex C. Activation energy D. EP complex
I. Enzyme-product complex II. Chemical converted into product III. Obligatory transient enzyme-substrate complex IV. Energy difference between substrate and transition state
A. Substrate B. ES complex C. Activation energy D. EP complex
I. Enzyme-product complex II. Chemical converted into product III. Obligatory transient enzyme-substrate complex IV. Energy difference between substrate and transition state
111.Match enzyme class with reaction type.
A. Oxidoreductases B. Transferases C. Lyases D. Isomerases
I. Interconversion of isomers II. Oxidoreduction between substrates III. Transfer of group other than hydrogen IV. Removal leaving double bonds without hydrolysis
A. Oxidoreductases B. Transferases C. Lyases D. Isomerases
I. Interconversion of isomers II. Oxidoreduction between substrates III. Transfer of group other than hydrogen IV. Removal leaving double bonds without hydrolysis
112.Match class with example reaction description.
A. Hydrolases B. Ligases C. Transferases D. Oxidoreductases
I. Joining C-O/C-S/C-N/P-O bonds II. Hydrolysis of peptide/glycosidic bonds III. Transfer of group G IV. Redox between two substrates
A. Hydrolases B. Ligases C. Transferases D. Oxidoreductases
I. Joining C-O/C-S/C-N/P-O bonds II. Hydrolysis of peptide/glycosidic bonds III. Transfer of group G IV. Redox between two substrates
113.Match cofactor type/term with description.
A. Apoenzyme B. Prosthetic group C. Co-enzyme D. Metal ion cofactor
I. Tightly bound organic compound II. Protein portion III. Transient organic association IV. Forms coordination bonds; zinc in carboxypeptidase
A. Apoenzyme B. Prosthetic group C. Co-enzyme D. Metal ion cofactor
I. Tightly bound organic compound II. Protein portion III. Transient organic association IV. Forms coordination bonds; zinc in carboxypeptidase
114.Assertion A: Living tissue and earth’s crust show no absolute qualitative difference in elemental lists.
Reason R: All elements present in earth’s crust are also present in a sample of living tissue.
Reason R: All elements present in earth’s crust are also present in a sample of living tissue.
115.Assertion A: Ash contains inorganic elements.
Reason R: On complete burning, carbon compounds are oxidised to gaseous CO2 and water vapour and are removed.
Reason R: On complete burning, carbon compounds are oxidised to gaseous CO2 and water vapour and are removed.
116.Assertion A: Amino acid structures change in solutions of different pH.
Reason R: Amino acids have ionizable –NH2 and –COOH groups.
Reason R: Amino acids have ionizable –NH2 and –COOH groups.
117.Assertion A: Oils remain as oils in winter.
Reason R: Oils have lower melting point.
Reason R: Oils have lower melting point.
118.Assertion A: Adenosine is a nucleotide.
Reason R: A nitrogen base attached to a sugar is called a nucleoside.
Reason R: A nitrogen base attached to a sugar is called a nucleoside.
119.Assertion A: All secondary metabolites have fully understood roles in host organisms.
Reason R: Many secondary metabolites are useful to human welfare and some have ecological importance.
Reason R: Many secondary metabolites are useful to human welfare and some have ecological importance.
120.Assertion A: Lipids occur in the macromolecular fraction though they are not strictly macromolecules.
Reason R: Lipids associate with membranes that form water-insoluble vesicles during tissue grinding.
Reason R: Lipids associate with membranes that form water-insoluble vesicles during tissue grinding.
121.Assertion A: A protein is a heteropolymer and not a homopolymer.
Reason R: Proteins are made from different types of amino acids, while a homopolymer has only one monomer type repeated.
Reason R: Proteins are made from different types of amino acids, while a homopolymer has only one monomer type repeated.
122.Assertion A: Cellulose cannot hold iodine.
Reason R: Cellulose does not contain complex helices.
Reason R: Cellulose does not contain complex helices.
123.Assertion A: A nucleic acid containing ribose is called DNA.
Reason R: RNA contains ribose whereas DNA contains 2'-deoxyribose.
Reason R: RNA contains ribose whereas DNA contains 2'-deoxyribose.
124.Assertion A: Tertiary structure is necessary for many biological activities of proteins.
Reason R: Tertiary structure gives a three-dimensional view after folding of the chain upon itself.
Reason R: Tertiary structure gives a three-dimensional view after folding of the chain upon itself.
125.Assertion A: All enzymes lose catalytic power above 40°C.
Reason R: Enzymes from thermophilic organisms can remain stable at 80–90°C.
Reason R: Enzymes from thermophilic organisms can remain stable at 80–90°C.
126.Assertion A: Carbonic anhydrase accelerates CO2 + H2O to H2CO3 by about 10 million times.
Reason R: With carbonic anhydrase, about 600,000 molecules form every second compared with about 200 per hour without enzyme.
Reason R: With carbonic anhydrase, about 600,000 molecules form every second compared with about 200 per hour without enzyme.
127.Assertion A: Reaction velocity cannot exceed Vmax by further increasing substrate concentration after saturation.
Reason R: After enzyme molecules are saturated, there are no free enzyme molecules to bind additional substrate.
Reason R: After enzyme molecules are saturated, there are no free enzyme molecules to bind additional substrate.
128.Assertion A: Catalytic activity is lost when cofactor is removed from the enzyme.
Reason R: Cofactors may be required to make enzymes catalytically active.
Reason R: Cofactors may be required to make enzymes catalytically active.
129.In a Figure 9.1-based question, a molecule labelled as adenylic acid should be interpreted as:
130.Which set contains only molecules/classes shown in Figure 9.1 as small molecular weight organic compounds?
131.Based on the glycogen diagram and description, which statement is correct?
132.Which label belongs to secondary protein structure in Figure 9.3-type interpretation?
133.In the activation energy graph, the y-axis represents:
134.Which change is caused by enzyme action in the activation-energy diagram?
135.In the substrate concentration graph of enzyme activity, the reaction velocity reaches Vmax because:
136.Which option correctly completes a Table 9.3-type row: 'Toxins — ____'?
137.Arrange the following components in decreasing average cellular mass range as per Table 9.4: water, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, ions.
138.A table row says: 'Protein: GLUT-4; Function: ____'. Choose the correct completion.
139.Which sequence correctly represents the catalytic cycle described in the chapter?
140.Which symbolic representation best matches enzyme action in the chapter?
141.Choose the option in which every statement is correct.
142.Select the fully correct option.
143.Which option contains only correct statements?
144.Identify the option with all correct statements.
145.Choose the only fully correct option.
146.A student grinds liver tissue in TCA, strains it and then claims the retentate represents only inorganic ash. What is the best correction?
147.A student argues: 'Since lipids are below 800 Da, they cannot appear in the acid-insoluble fraction.' Which response is most accurate?
148.During a test, sample X gives blue colour with iodine while sample Y does not. Based only on this chapter, the most appropriate inference is:
149.An enzyme assay shows increasing velocity with substrate concentration at first, then no further increase despite more substrate. Which explanation best fits the chapter?
150.An inhibitor resembles succinate and decreases succinic dehydrogenase activity. Which statement is best supported?
Answer Key
13
22
33
42
51
61
73
82
92
102
112
121
132
143
152
162
171
184
192
202
212
222
232
242
254
261
272
281
292
303
312
321
332
341
351
361
371
381
391
401
411
421
431
441
451
461
471
481
491
501
511
521
531
541
551
561
571
581
591
601
611
621
631
641
651
661
671
681
691
701
711
721
734
744
754
763
774
784
794
804
814
824
832
844
854
864
874
884
894
904
914
924
934
944
954
961
971
981
991
1001
1011
1021
1031
1041
1051
1061
1071
1081
1091
1101
1111
1121
1131
1141
1151
1161
1171
1184
1194
1201
1211
1221
1234
1242
1254
1261
1271
1281
1292
1301
1312
1321
1333
1342
1352
1361
1371
1382
1392
1402
1411
1421
1431
1441
1451
1461
1472
1481
1491
1501