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NEET ]1[ Contd...
NEET Biology - Body Fluids and Circulation
Instructions:
- Each question has four options (1), (2), (3), (4). Choose the most correct answer.
- Each correct answer carries 4 marks.
- Each wrong answer will deduct 1 marks.
- Unanswered questions will not be penalised.
1.Blood is best described in the uploaded chapter as:
2.The approximate percentage composition of plasma and formed elements in blood is respectively:
3.In plasma, water and proteins respectively constitute approximately:
4.Which set of plasma protein and function is correctly matched?
5.Plasma without clotting factors is called:
6.The most abundant cells in blood are:
7.The average RBC count in a healthy adult man is closest to:
8.The correct pair is:
9.RBCs of most mammals are:
10.Choose the correct haemoglobin amount and RBC life span in healthy humans:
11.Leucocytes are called white blood cells because they:
12.Which of the following is an agranulocyte?
13.Among WBCs, the most abundant and least abundant types are respectively:
14.Which WBC pair is phagocytic according to the chapter?
15.Basophils are mainly associated with secretion of:
16.Eosinophils are correctly described as WBCs that:
17.Platelets are:
18.Normal platelet count per mm3 of blood is approximately:
19.ABO grouping is based on:
20.A person with blood group A has:
21.Which ABO group has no anti-A or anti-B antibody in plasma?
22.The universal donor and universal recipient in ABO grouping are respectively:
23.Rh antigen is so named because it is similar to an antigen present in:
24.The condition due to Rh incompatibility in the newborn is:
25.The ion with a very important role in clotting is:
26.Tissue fluid is also called:
27.Fats are absorbed through lymph in:
28.The open circulatory system is typical of:
29.Which group is an exception among reptiles in having a four-chambered heart?
30.The human heart is protected by:
31.Identify the correct statements about plasma:
A. Plasma is straw-coloured and viscous.
B. Plasma constitutes nearly 45% of blood.
C. Water forms 90-92% of plasma.
D. Fibrinogen, globulins and albumins are major plasma proteins.
A. Plasma is straw-coloured and viscous.
B. Plasma constitutes nearly 45% of blood.
C. Water forms 90-92% of plasma.
D. Fibrinogen, globulins and albumins are major plasma proteins.
32.Choose the correct statements:
A. Fibrinogens help in osmotic balance.
B. Globulins are primarily involved in defence mechanisms.
C. Albumins help in osmotic balance.
D. Serum is plasma without clotting factors.
A. Fibrinogens help in osmotic balance.
B. Globulins are primarily involved in defence mechanisms.
C. Albumins help in osmotic balance.
D. Serum is plasma without clotting factors.
33.Which numerical statements are correct?
A. Formed elements constitute nearly 45% of blood.
B. RBC count is about 5-5.5 million/mm3 in a healthy adult man.
C. Haemoglobin is 12-16 g per 100 mL blood in a healthy individual.
D. RBC life span is about 80 days.
A. Formed elements constitute nearly 45% of blood.
B. RBC count is about 5-5.5 million/mm3 in a healthy adult man.
C. Haemoglobin is 12-16 g per 100 mL blood in a healthy individual.
D. RBC life span is about 80 days.
34.Given the WBC groups:
A. Neutrophils are granulocytes.
B. Eosinophils are agranulocytes.
C. Basophils are granulocytes.
D. Lymphocytes and monocytes are agranulocytes.
Choose the correct option.
A. Neutrophils are granulocytes.
B. Eosinophils are agranulocytes.
C. Basophils are granulocytes.
D. Lymphocytes and monocytes are agranulocytes.
Choose the correct option.
35.Identify the correct statements about WBCs:
A. Neutrophils constitute 60-65% of total WBCs.
B. Basophils are 0.5-1%.
C. Monocytes are 6-8% and are phagocytic.
D. Neutrophils and eosinophils are the phagocytic pair named in NCERT.
A. Neutrophils constitute 60-65% of total WBCs.
B. Basophils are 0.5-1%.
C. Monocytes are 6-8% and are phagocytic.
D. Neutrophils and eosinophils are the phagocytic pair named in NCERT.
36.Which statements are correct?
A. Basophils secrete histamine, serotonin and heparin.
B. Eosinophils resist infections and are associated with allergic reactions.
C. Lymphocytes occur as B and T forms.
D. Only B lymphocytes are responsible for immune responses.
A. Basophils secrete histamine, serotonin and heparin.
B. Eosinophils resist infections and are associated with allergic reactions.
C. Lymphocytes occur as B and T forms.
D. Only B lymphocytes are responsible for immune responses.
37.Read the statements:
A. Platelets are also called thrombocytes.
B. Platelets are cell fragments from megakaryocytes.
C. Platelets release substances involved in clotting.
D. Reduced platelet number may cause excessive blood loss.
Correct statements are:
A. Platelets are also called thrombocytes.
B. Platelets are cell fragments from megakaryocytes.
C. Platelets release substances involved in clotting.
D. Reduced platelet number may cause excessive blood loss.
Correct statements are:
38.Which ABO statements are correct?
A. Group A has anti-B in plasma.
B. Group B has anti-A in plasma.
C. Group AB has A and B antigens but no natural anti-A/anti-B antibodies.
D. Group O has A and B antigens but no antibodies.
A. Group A has anti-B in plasma.
B. Group B has anti-A in plasma.
C. Group AB has A and B antigens but no natural anti-A/anti-B antibodies.
D. Group O has A and B antigens but no antibodies.
39.For safe donor compatibility in ABO blood groups:
A. A recipient can receive A or O.
B. B recipient can receive B or O.
C. AB recipient can receive AB, A, B or O.
D. O recipient can receive AB if Rh matched.
Choose the correct option.
A. A recipient can receive A or O.
B. B recipient can receive B or O.
C. AB recipient can receive AB, A, B or O.
D. O recipient can receive AB if Rh matched.
Choose the correct option.
40.In Rh incompatibility:
A. It classically involves Rh-negative mother and Rh-positive foetus.
B. In first pregnancy, foetal Rh antigens are usually not exposed because placenta separates bloods.
C. During first delivery, maternal exposure to foetal Rh-positive blood may occur.
D. In subsequent pregnancy, maternal anti-Rh antibodies may destroy foetal RBCs.
Correct statements are:
A. It classically involves Rh-negative mother and Rh-positive foetus.
B. In first pregnancy, foetal Rh antigens are usually not exposed because placenta separates bloods.
C. During first delivery, maternal exposure to foetal Rh-positive blood may occur.
D. In subsequent pregnancy, maternal anti-Rh antibodies may destroy foetal RBCs.
Correct statements are:
41.Identify the correct statements:
A. Erythroblastosis foetalis may cause anaemia and jaundice.
B. It may be fatal to the foetus.
C. It is prevented by giving anti-Rh antibodies to the foetus before first delivery.
D. Anti-Rh antibodies are administered to the mother immediately after first delivery.
A. Erythroblastosis foetalis may cause anaemia and jaundice.
B. It may be fatal to the foetus.
C. It is prevented by giving anti-Rh antibodies to the foetus before first delivery.
D. Anti-Rh antibodies are administered to the mother immediately after first delivery.
42.Which statements about coagulation are correct?
A. Clotting prevents excessive loss of blood.
B. The clot is mainly fibrin threads trapping dead/damaged formed elements.
C. Thrombin converts inactive fibrinogen into fibrin.
D. Prothrombin is formed from thrombokinase.
A. Clotting prevents excessive loss of blood.
B. The clot is mainly fibrin threads trapping dead/damaged formed elements.
C. Thrombin converts inactive fibrinogen into fibrin.
D. Prothrombin is formed from thrombokinase.
43.Arrange the logic of clotting from the given statements:
A. Thrombokinase enzyme complex is required.
B. Thrombin is formed from prothrombin.
C. Fibrin is formed from fibrinogen.
D. Calcium ions play an important role in clotting.
Which set is factually correct?
A. Thrombokinase enzyme complex is required.
B. Thrombin is formed from prothrombin.
C. Fibrin is formed from fibrinogen.
D. Calcium ions play an important role in clotting.
Which set is factually correct?
44.Select correct statements about tissue fluid/lymph formation:
A. Small water-soluble substances leave capillaries into tissue spaces.
B. Larger proteins and most formed elements remain in blood vessels.
C. Tissue fluid has same mineral distribution as plasma.
D. Exchange between blood and cells occurs directly without tissue fluid.
A. Small water-soluble substances leave capillaries into tissue spaces.
B. Larger proteins and most formed elements remain in blood vessels.
C. Tissue fluid has same mineral distribution as plasma.
D. Exchange between blood and cells occurs directly without tissue fluid.
45.Which are correct for lymph?
A. It is the fluid in lymphatic system.
B. It is colourless.
C. It contains specialised lymphocytes.
D. It absorbs fats through lacteals in intestinal villi.
A. It is the fluid in lymphatic system.
B. It is colourless.
C. It contains specialised lymphocytes.
D. It absorbs fats through lacteals in intestinal villi.
46.Choose the correct statements:
A. Arthropods and molluscs have open circulation.
B. Annelids and chordates have closed circulation.
C. Closed circulation is less regulated than open circulation.
D. Open circulation sends blood into sinuses/open spaces.
A. Arthropods and molluscs have open circulation.
B. Annelids and chordates have closed circulation.
C. Closed circulation is less regulated than open circulation.
D. Open circulation sends blood into sinuses/open spaces.
47.Which statements on vertebrate hearts are correct?
A. Fishes have one atrium and one ventricle.
B. Amphibians and reptiles except crocodiles have two atria and one ventricle.
C. Crocodiles, birds and mammals have two atria and two ventricles.
D. All reptiles have three-chambered hearts.
A. Fishes have one atrium and one ventricle.
B. Amphibians and reptiles except crocodiles have two atria and one ventricle.
C. Crocodiles, birds and mammals have two atria and two ventricles.
D. All reptiles have three-chambered hearts.
48.Identify the correct circulation statements:
A. Fishes have single circulation.
B. Amphibians/reptiles have incomplete double circulation due to mixing in a single ventricle.
C. Birds/mammals have complete double circulation with no mixing.
D. Fishes oxygenate blood in lungs before body circulation.
A. Fishes have single circulation.
B. Amphibians/reptiles have incomplete double circulation due to mixing in a single ventricle.
C. Birds/mammals have complete double circulation with no mixing.
D. Fishes oxygenate blood in lungs before body circulation.
49.Human circulatory system/heart statements:
A. Human circulatory system is also called blood vascular system.
B. The heart is mesodermally derived.
C. The heart lies in thoracic cavity between lungs, slightly tilted left.
D. The heart is protected by pericardium enclosing pericardial fluid.
A. Human circulatory system is also called blood vascular system.
B. The heart is mesodermally derived.
C. The heart lies in thoracic cavity between lungs, slightly tilted left.
D. The heart is protected by pericardium enclosing pericardial fluid.
50.Select correct heart anatomy statements:
A. Atria are relatively small upper chambers.
B. Ventricles are larger lower chambers.
C. Inter-atrial septum is thick-walled and inter-ventricular septum is thin.
D. AV septum separates atrium and ventricle of same side.
A. Atria are relatively small upper chambers.
B. Ventricles are larger lower chambers.
C. Inter-atrial septum is thick-walled and inter-ventricular septum is thin.
D. AV septum separates atrium and ventricle of same side.
51.Which valve statements are correct?
A. Tricuspid valve guards right AV opening.
B. Bicuspid/mitral valve guards left AV opening.
C. Semilunar valves guard openings into pulmonary artery and aorta.
D. Valves normally permit backflow during ventricular diastole.
A. Tricuspid valve guards right AV opening.
B. Bicuspid/mitral valve guards left AV opening.
C. Semilunar valves guard openings into pulmonary artery and aorta.
D. Valves normally permit backflow during ventricular diastole.
52.Choose the correct statements:
A. SAN lies in the right upper corner of the right atrium.
B. AVN lies in the lower left corner of the right atrium near AV septum.
C. AV bundle arises from SAN and bypasses AVN.
D. Purkinje fibres are distributed through ventricular musculature.
A. SAN lies in the right upper corner of the right atrium.
B. AVN lies in the lower left corner of the right atrium near AV septum.
C. AV bundle arises from SAN and bypasses AVN.
D. Purkinje fibres are distributed through ventricular musculature.
53.Which are correct about nodal tissue?
A. It is autoexcitable.
B. SAN can generate 70-75 action potentials per minute.
C. SAN initiates and maintains rhythmic contraction.
D. Average normal heart beat is 120 beats/min.
A. It is autoexcitable.
B. SAN can generate 70-75 action potentials per minute.
C. SAN initiates and maintains rhythmic contraction.
D. Average normal heart beat is 120 beats/min.
54.At the beginning of cardiac cycle:
A. All chambers are in joint diastole.
B. Tricuspid and bicuspid valves are open.
C. Semilunar valves are closed.
D. Atrial systole contributes about 70% of ventricular filling according to NCERT.
Correct statements are:
A. All chambers are in joint diastole.
B. Tricuspid and bicuspid valves are open.
C. Semilunar valves are closed.
D. Atrial systole contributes about 70% of ventricular filling according to NCERT.
Correct statements are:
55.Select the correct cardiac cycle statements:
A. Blood from pulmonary veins flows into left ventricle through left atrium.
B. Blood from vena cava flows into right ventricle through right atrium.
C. AVN and AV bundle conduct impulses to the ventricular side.
D. Ventricular systole coincides with atrial systole.
A. Blood from pulmonary veins flows into left ventricle through left atrium.
B. Blood from vena cava flows into right ventricle through right atrium.
C. AVN and AV bundle conduct impulses to the ventricular side.
D. Ventricular systole coincides with atrial systole.
56.Which pressure-valve events are correct?
A. Increased ventricular pressure closes tricuspid and bicuspid valves.
B. Further ventricular pressure opens semilunar valves.
C. Ventricular diastole closes semilunar valves.
D. Semilunar valve closure prevents backflow into atria.
A. Increased ventricular pressure closes tricuspid and bicuspid valves.
B. Further ventricular pressure opens semilunar valves.
C. Ventricular diastole closes semilunar valves.
D. Semilunar valve closure prevents backflow into atria.
57.Choose correct cardiac output facts:
A. Cardiac cycle includes systole and diastole of atria and ventricles.
B. At 72 beats/min, cycle duration is 0.8 s.
C. Stroke volume is about 70 mL per ventricle per cycle.
D. Cardiac output = stroke volume × heart rate.
A. Cardiac cycle includes systole and diastole of atria and ventricles.
B. At 72 beats/min, cycle duration is 0.8 s.
C. Stroke volume is about 70 mL per ventricle per cycle.
D. Cardiac output = stroke volume × heart rate.
58.Heart sound statements:
A. Lub is associated with closure of tricuspid and bicuspid valves.
B. Dub is associated with closure of semilunar valves.
C. Heart sounds are clinically diagnostic.
D. Lub occurs due to opening of semilunar valves.
Correct statements are:
A. Lub is associated with closure of tricuspid and bicuspid valves.
B. Dub is associated with closure of semilunar valves.
C. Heart sounds are clinically diagnostic.
D. Lub occurs due to opening of semilunar valves.
Correct statements are:
59.About standard ECG:
A. ECG is graphical representation of electrical activity during cardiac cycle.
B. Standard ECG uses three electrical leads.
C. One lead is attached to each wrist and one to left ankle.
D. Peaks are labelled from A to E.
Correct statements are:
A. ECG is graphical representation of electrical activity during cardiac cycle.
B. Standard ECG uses three electrical leads.
C. One lead is attached to each wrist and one to left ankle.
D. Peaks are labelled from A to E.
Correct statements are:
60.Which ECG interpretations are correct?
A. P-wave represents atrial depolarisation.
B. QRS complex represents ventricular depolarisation.
C. T-wave represents ventricular repolarisation.
D. Counting P waves is the NCERT-specified method to determine heart beat rate.
Correct statements are:
A. P-wave represents atrial depolarisation.
B. QRS complex represents ventricular depolarisation.
C. T-wave represents ventricular repolarisation.
D. Counting P waves is the NCERT-specified method to determine heart beat rate.
Correct statements are:
61.Choose correct blood vessel layer statements:
A. Tunica intima is inner squamous endothelium.
B. Tunica media has smooth muscle and elastic fibres.
C. Tunica externa has fibrous connective tissue with collagen fibres.
D. Tunica media is comparatively thick in veins.
Correct statements are:
A. Tunica intima is inner squamous endothelium.
B. Tunica media has smooth muscle and elastic fibres.
C. Tunica externa has fibrous connective tissue with collagen fibres.
D. Tunica media is comparatively thick in veins.
Correct statements are:
62.Which pathway descriptions are correct?
A. Pulmonary circulation: right ventricle → pulmonary artery → lungs → pulmonary veins → left atrium.
B. Systemic circulation: left ventricle → aorta → tissues → vena cava → right atrium.
C. Pulmonary veins carry deoxygenated blood in this pathway.
D. Aorta receives blood from the right ventricle.
Correct statements are:
A. Pulmonary circulation: right ventricle → pulmonary artery → lungs → pulmonary veins → left atrium.
B. Systemic circulation: left ventricle → aorta → tissues → vena cava → right atrium.
C. Pulmonary veins carry deoxygenated blood in this pathway.
D. Aorta receives blood from the right ventricle.
Correct statements are:
63.Select correct statements:
A. Systemic circulation supplies nutrients and O2 to tissues.
B. Hepatic portal system connects digestive tract and liver.
C. Hepatic portal vein carries blood from intestine to liver before systemic circulation.
D. Coronary system is for blood circulation to and from cardiac musculature.
Correct statements are:
A. Systemic circulation supplies nutrients and O2 to tissues.
B. Hepatic portal system connects digestive tract and liver.
C. Hepatic portal vein carries blood from intestine to liver before systemic circulation.
D. Coronary system is for blood circulation to and from cardiac musculature.
Correct statements are:
64.Cardiac regulation statements:
A. The heart is myogenic due to intrinsic regulation by nodal tissue.
B. Medulla oblongata can moderate cardiac function via ANS.
C. Sympathetic signals increase heart rate and ventricular contraction strength.
D. Parasympathetic signals increase cardiac output.
E. Adrenal medullary hormones can increase cardiac output.
A. The heart is myogenic due to intrinsic regulation by nodal tissue.
B. Medulla oblongata can moderate cardiac function via ANS.
C. Sympathetic signals increase heart rate and ventricular contraction strength.
D. Parasympathetic signals increase cardiac output.
E. Adrenal medullary hormones can increase cardiac output.
65.Which blood pressure statements are correct?
A. Normal reference is 120/80 mm Hg.
B. 120 mm Hg is systolic/pumping pressure.
C. 80 mm Hg is diastolic/resting pressure.
D. Repeated 130/70 is defined as hypertension in the chapter.
Correct statements are:
A. Normal reference is 120/80 mm Hg.
B. 120 mm Hg is systolic/pumping pressure.
C. 80 mm Hg is diastolic/resting pressure.
D. Repeated 130/70 is defined as hypertension in the chapter.
Correct statements are:
66.CAD/atherosclerosis statements:
A. It affects vessels supplying blood to heart muscle.
B. Deposits of calcium, fat, cholesterol and fibrous tissues narrow arterial lumen.
C. It is caused by low platelet count only.
D. It directly refers to a stoppage of heart beat.
Correct statements are:
A. It affects vessels supplying blood to heart muscle.
B. Deposits of calcium, fat, cholesterol and fibrous tissues narrow arterial lumen.
C. It is caused by low platelet count only.
D. It directly refers to a stoppage of heart beat.
Correct statements are:
67.Angina statements:
A. It is also called angina pectoris.
B. It presents as acute chest pain when not enough O2 reaches heart muscle.
C. It is more common among middle-aged and elderly.
D. It is the same as cardiac arrest.
Correct statements are:
A. It is also called angina pectoris.
B. It presents as acute chest pain when not enough O2 reaches heart muscle.
C. It is more common among middle-aged and elderly.
D. It is the same as cardiac arrest.
Correct statements are:
68.Heart failure statements:
A. It means the heart is not pumping effectively enough for body needs.
B. It may be called congestive heart failure due to lung congestion.
C. It is identical to heart attack.
D. Cardiac arrest means heart stops beating.
Correct statements are:
A. It means the heart is not pumping effectively enough for body needs.
B. It may be called congestive heart failure due to lung congestion.
C. It is identical to heart attack.
D. Cardiac arrest means heart stops beating.
Correct statements are:
69.In Figure 15.1 formed elements, which labels correspond to formed elements/categories mentioned in the chapter?
A. RBC
B. Platelets
C. T lymphocyte
D. B lymphocyte
E. Albumin
Choose the correct set.
A. RBC
B. Platelets
C. T lymphocyte
D. B lymphocyte
E. Albumin
Choose the correct set.
70.Based on the human heart/nodal tissue diagram and text, which structures belong to the conduction pathway?
A. SAN
B. AVN
C. AV bundle
D. Purkinje fibres
E. Lacteals
Correct set:
A. SAN
B. AVN
C. AV bundle
D. Purkinje fibres
E. Lacteals
Correct set:
71.For ECG waves, choose the correct set:
A. P - atrial depolarisation.
B. QRS - ventricular depolarisation.
C. T - ventricular repolarisation.
D. T - atrial depolarisation.
Correct option:
A. P - atrial depolarisation.
B. QRS - ventricular depolarisation.
C. T - ventricular repolarisation.
D. T - atrial depolarisation.
Correct option:
72.Which valve-state statements are correct?
A. In joint diastole, AV valves are open and semilunar valves closed.
B. During atrial systole, SAN-generated impulse causes atrial contraction.
C. During ventricular systole, AV valves close.
D. During ventricular diastole, semilunar valves close.
Correct statements are:
A. In joint diastole, AV valves are open and semilunar valves closed.
B. During atrial systole, SAN-generated impulse causes atrial contraction.
C. During ventricular systole, AV valves close.
D. During ventricular diastole, semilunar valves close.
Correct statements are:
73.Which statement pair is correct?
A. All vertebrates have complete double circulation.
B. Birds and mammals have separate circulatory pathways with no mixing.
C. Fish heart pumps deoxygenated blood which is oxygenated by gills.
D. Amphibian single ventricle causes incomplete mixing-free circulation.
A. All vertebrates have complete double circulation.
B. Birds and mammals have separate circulatory pathways with no mixing.
C. Fish heart pumps deoxygenated blood which is oxygenated by gills.
D. Amphibian single ventricle causes incomplete mixing-free circulation.
74.Which statements best distinguish lymph from blood/plasma based on the chapter?
A. Lymph forms from tissue fluid collected by lymphatic vessels.
B. Lymph is colourless and contains specialised lymphocytes.
C. Lymph is identical to blood in formed elements and protein content.
D. Lymph participates in fat absorption through lacteals.
Correct statements are:
A. Lymph forms from tissue fluid collected by lymphatic vessels.
B. Lymph is colourless and contains specialised lymphocytes.
C. Lymph is identical to blood in formed elements and protein content.
D. Lymph participates in fat absorption through lacteals.
Correct statements are:
75.Which of the following is incorrectly matched?
76.All are mentioned as plasma constituents/solutes except:
77.Which statement is not true for formed elements?
78.Which count is incorrectly paired?
79.Which statement is not correct about RBCs?
80.Which combination is incorrectly classified?
81.Which is not true?
82.Which ABO entry is incorrect?
83.Which statement is incorrect?
84.Which event is out of sequence in Rh incompatibility?
85.In blood clotting, which conversion/requirement is wrongly stated?
86.Which statement is incorrect about tissue fluid/lymph?
87.Which organism-group pairing is not correct according to the chapter?
88.Which statement is false?
89.Which is not a correct circulation description?
90.Which valve-location pair is wrong?
91.Which location is incorrectly matched?
92.Which is not true about SAN?
93.Which cardiac cycle event is incorrectly matched?
94.Which numerical value is not from the chapter?
95.Which heart sound pairing is incorrect?
96.Which ECG statement is incorrect?
97.Which vessel-layer statement is not correct?
98.Which statement is incorrect regarding cardiac regulation?
99.Which statement is incorrect?
100.Match List I with List II.
List I: A. Fibrinogen B. Globulin C. Albumin D. Serum
List II: i. Osmotic balance ii. Defence iii. Plasma without clotting factors iv. Clotting
List I: A. Fibrinogen B. Globulin C. Albumin D. Serum
List II: i. Osmotic balance ii. Defence iii. Plasma without clotting factors iv. Clotting
101.Match List I with List II.
A. RBC count B. WBC count C. Platelet count D. Normal heart beat average
i. 72/min ii. 150,000-350,000/mm3 iii. 5-5.5 million/mm3 iv. 6000-8000/mm3
A. RBC count B. WBC count C. Platelet count D. Normal heart beat average
i. 72/min ii. 150,000-350,000/mm3 iii. 5-5.5 million/mm3 iv. 6000-8000/mm3
102.Match the WBC with its category.
A. Neutrophil B. Monocyte C. Basophil D. Lymphocyte
i. Agranulocyte ii. Granulocyte
A. Neutrophil B. Monocyte C. Basophil D. Lymphocyte
i. Agranulocyte ii. Granulocyte
103.Match List I and List II.
A. Neutrophils/monocytes B. Basophils C. Eosinophils D. B/T lymphocytes
i. Immune responses ii. Phagocytosis iii. Inflammatory reactions iv. Resist infections/allergy association
A. Neutrophils/monocytes B. Basophils C. Eosinophils D. B/T lymphocytes
i. Immune responses ii. Phagocytosis iii. Inflammatory reactions iv. Resist infections/allergy association
104.Match blood group with antigen-antibody pattern.
A. A B. B C. AB D. O
i. No antigen, anti-A and anti-B ii. A and B antigens, no antibody iii. A antigen, anti-B iv. B antigen, anti-A
A. A B. B C. AB D. O
i. No antigen, anti-A and anti-B ii. A and B antigens, no antibody iii. A antigen, anti-B iv. B antigen, anti-A
105.Match the clotting term with its correct description.
A. Fibrin B. Thrombin C. Prothrombin D. Thrombokinase
i. Inactive precursor of thrombin ii. Network-forming threads iii. Enzyme converting fibrinogen to fibrin iv. Enzyme complex required for thrombin formation
A. Fibrin B. Thrombin C. Prothrombin D. Thrombokinase
i. Inactive precursor of thrombin ii. Network-forming threads iii. Enzyme converting fibrinogen to fibrin iv. Enzyme complex required for thrombin formation
106.Match circulatory system with example/feature.
A. Open B. Closed C. Sinuses D. Precise regulation
i. Advantage of closed system ii. Open spaces/body cavities iii. Arthropods and molluscs iv. Annelids and chordates
A. Open B. Closed C. Sinuses D. Precise regulation
i. Advantage of closed system ii. Open spaces/body cavities iii. Arthropods and molluscs iv. Annelids and chordates
107.Match vertebrate group with heart chambers.
A. Fishes B. Amphibians/reptiles except crocodiles C. Crocodiles D. Birds/mammals
i. Four-chambered ii. Two-chambered iii. Three-chambered
A. Fishes B. Amphibians/reptiles except crocodiles C. Crocodiles D. Birds/mammals
i. Four-chambered ii. Two-chambered iii. Three-chambered
108.Match valves/events.
A. Tricuspid B. Bicuspid/mitral C. Semilunar valves D. Dub sound
i. Left AV opening ii. Closure of semilunar valves iii. Right AV opening iv. Pulmonary artery/aorta openings
A. Tricuspid B. Bicuspid/mitral C. Semilunar valves D. Dub sound
i. Left AV opening ii. Closure of semilunar valves iii. Right AV opening iv. Pulmonary artery/aorta openings
109.Match conduction structure with description.
A. SAN B. AVN C. AV bundle D. Purkinje fibres
i. Lower left corner of right atrium near AV septum ii. Minute fibres in ventricular musculature iii. Right upper corner of right atrium iv. Continues from AVN and divides into right/left bundles
A. SAN B. AVN C. AV bundle D. Purkinje fibres
i. Lower left corner of right atrium near AV septum ii. Minute fibres in ventricular musculature iii. Right upper corner of right atrium iv. Continues from AVN and divides into right/left bundles
110.Match cardiac cycle event with description.
A. Joint diastole B. Atrial systole C. Ventricular systole D. Ventricular diastole
i. AV valves close ii. All four chambers relaxed iii. Semilunar valves close iv. Atria contract simultaneously
A. Joint diastole B. Atrial systole C. Ventricular systole D. Ventricular diastole
i. AV valves close ii. All four chambers relaxed iii. Semilunar valves close iv. Atria contract simultaneously
111.Match cardiac term with value/definition.
A. Cardiac cycle duration B. Stroke volume C. Cardiac output formula D. Average cardiac output
i. 5 L/min ii. 70 mL/ventricle/cycle iii. 0.8 s iv. Stroke volume × heart rate
A. Cardiac cycle duration B. Stroke volume C. Cardiac output formula D. Average cardiac output
i. 5 L/min ii. 70 mL/ventricle/cycle iii. 0.8 s iv. Stroke volume × heart rate
112.Match ECG wave with meaning.
A. P wave B. QRS complex C. T wave D. End of T wave
i. End of systole ii. Atrial depolarisation iii. Ventricular depolarisation iv. Ventricular repolarisation
A. P wave B. QRS complex C. T wave D. End of T wave
i. End of systole ii. Atrial depolarisation iii. Ventricular depolarisation iv. Ventricular repolarisation
113.Match blood vessel layer.
A. Tunica intima B. Tunica media C. Tunica externa D. Veins
i. Smooth muscle and elastic fibres ii. Comparatively thin tunica media iii. Squamous endothelium iv. Fibrous connective tissue with collagen fibres
A. Tunica intima B. Tunica media C. Tunica externa D. Veins
i. Smooth muscle and elastic fibres ii. Comparatively thin tunica media iii. Squamous endothelium iv. Fibrous connective tissue with collagen fibres
114.Match pathway/system with description.
A. Pulmonary circulation B. Systemic circulation C. Hepatic portal system D. Coronary system
i. Blood to/from cardiac musculature ii. Digestive tract to liver connection iii. Right ventricle to lungs to left atrium iv. Left ventricle to tissues to right atrium
A. Pulmonary circulation B. Systemic circulation C. Hepatic portal system D. Coronary system
i. Blood to/from cardiac musculature ii. Digestive tract to liver connection iii. Right ventricle to lungs to left atrium iv. Left ventricle to tissues to right atrium
115.Match regulatory influence with effect.
A. Sympathetic nerves B. Parasympathetic signals C. Adrenal medullary hormones D. Medulla oblongata centre
i. Moderates through ANS ii. Increase cardiac output iii. Decrease heart rate/conduction/output iv. Increase heart rate/ventricular contraction/output
A. Sympathetic nerves B. Parasympathetic signals C. Adrenal medullary hormones D. Medulla oblongata centre
i. Moderates through ANS ii. Increase cardiac output iii. Decrease heart rate/conduction/output iv. Increase heart rate/ventricular contraction/output
116.Match disorder with description.
A. Hypertension B. CAD/atherosclerosis C. Angina D. Heart failure
i. Acute chest pain due to insufficient O2 to heart muscle ii. Ineffective pumping to meet body needs iii. BP higher than normal 120/80 iv. Narrowing of vessels supplying heart muscle
A. Hypertension B. CAD/atherosclerosis C. Angina D. Heart failure
i. Acute chest pain due to insufficient O2 to heart muscle ii. Ineffective pumping to meet body needs iii. BP higher than normal 120/80 iv. Narrowing of vessels supplying heart muscle
117.Match term with meaning.
A. Heart failure B. Cardiac arrest C. Heart attack D. Congestive heart failure
i. Heart stops beating ii. Lung congestion is a main symptom iii. Ineffective pumping iv. Heart muscle damaged by inadequate blood supply
A. Heart failure B. Cardiac arrest C. Heart attack D. Congestive heart failure
i. Heart stops beating ii. Lung congestion is a main symptom iii. Ineffective pumping iv. Heart muscle damaged by inadequate blood supply
118.Assertion A: Plasma constitutes nearly 55% of blood. Reason R: Formed elements constitute nearly 45% of blood.
119.Assertion A: Plasma without clotting factors is called serum. Reason R: Coagulation factors are present in plasma in inactive form.
120.Assertion A: Leucocytes are known as white blood cells. Reason R: They lack haemoglobin and are colourless.
121.Assertion A: Neutrophils are the most abundant WBCs. Reason R: Neutrophils and monocytes are phagocytic cells.
122.Assertion A: A marked reduction in platelet number can lead to excessive blood loss. Reason R: Platelets release substances involved in coagulation.
123.Assertion A: AB group is called universal recipient in ABO grouping. Reason R: AB group plasma has anti-A and anti-B antibodies.
124.Assertion A: Rh incompatibility usually harms the foetus more in subsequent pregnancies than the first one. Reason R: During the first pregnancy the foetal and maternal bloods are normally well separated by placenta.
125.Assertion A: Blood clotting prevents excessive loss of blood. Reason R: A clot is mainly fibrin threads trapping dead and damaged formed elements.
126.Assertion A: Closed circulation is considered more advantageous. Reason R: In closed circulation, flow of fluid can be more precisely regulated.
127.Assertion A: Crocodiles are grouped with birds and mammals for heart chamber number. Reason R: Crocodiles have a four-chambered heart.
128.Assertion A: Heart valves prevent backward flow. Reason R: Valves allow blood flow only from atria to ventricles and ventricles to pulmonary artery/aorta.
129.Assertion A: SAN is called the pacemaker of the heart. Reason R: SAN generates the maximum number of action potentials and initiates/maintains rhythmic contraction.
130.Assertion A: Cardiac output can change if heart rate changes. Reason R: Cardiac output equals stroke volume multiplied by heart rate.
131.Assertion A: Counting QRS complexes over a time period can determine heart beat rate. Reason R: QRS complex represents ventricular depolarisation related to ventricular contraction.
132.Assertion A: The heart is called myogenic. Reason R: Sympathetic nerves increase rate and strength of ventricular contraction.
133.In the formed-elements diagram, which labelled item is not a WBC?
134.A student identifies B lymphocyte and T lymphocyte in Figure 15.1. Which statement is correct?
135.From Table 15.1, a recipient has no anti-A and no anti-B antibodies. Which donor groups are compatible?
136.From Table 15.1, a donor blood sample has no A/B antigen on RBCs. Which recipient group is classically safe in ABO terms?
137.Which sequence correctly represents a key part of clot formation?
138.Correct sequence during the cardiac cycle is:
139.In the heart diagram, a signal travelling from AVN to ventricular musculature should pass through:
140.In a standard ECG diagram, which peak/complex corresponds to the event immediately associated with beginning of systole?
141.A diagram shows blood leaving the left ventricle into the aorta. Which route is being shown?
142.A diagram shows deoxygenated blood leaving right ventricle through pulmonary artery and returning oxygenated through pulmonary veins. It represents:
143.Select the option containing only correct pairs:
A. Fibrinogen - coagulation
B. Globulin - defence
C. Albumin - osmotic balance
D. Serum - plasma with all clotting factors
A. Fibrinogen - coagulation
B. Globulin - defence
C. Albumin - osmotic balance
D. Serum - plasma with all clotting factors
144.Select the option with correct statements only:
A. Neutrophils are granulocytes and most abundant WBCs.
B. Basophils are least abundant WBCs.
C. Monocytes are agranulocytes and phagocytic.
D. Lymphocytes are granulocytes and secrete heparin.
A. Neutrophils are granulocytes and most abundant WBCs.
B. Basophils are least abundant WBCs.
C. Monocytes are agranulocytes and phagocytic.
D. Lymphocytes are granulocytes and secrete heparin.
145.Choose the option with correct Rh facts only:
A. Rh antigen resembles one in Rhesus monkeys.
B. About 80% humans have Rh antigen.
C. Rh-negative person exposed to Rh-positive blood forms specific antibodies.
D. Rh grouping need not be matched before transfusion.
A. Rh antigen resembles one in Rhesus monkeys.
B. About 80% humans have Rh antigen.
C. Rh-negative person exposed to Rh-positive blood forms specific antibodies.
D. Rh grouping need not be matched before transfusion.
146.Select only correct human-heart statements:
A. Human heart has two atria and two ventricles.
B. Inter-ventricular septum is thick-walled.
C. Tricuspid valve guards right AV opening.
D. Bicuspid valve guards opening of right ventricle into pulmonary artery.
A. Human heart has two atria and two ventricles.
B. Inter-ventricular septum is thick-walled.
C. Tricuspid valve guards right AV opening.
D. Bicuspid valve guards opening of right ventricle into pulmonary artery.
147.Which ECG conclusions are valid?
A. P wave indicates atrial depolarisation.
B. QRS counting can be used for heart beat rate.
C. End of T wave marks end of systole.
D. Any deviation from standard shape for a given lead may indicate disease.
A. P wave indicates atrial depolarisation.
B. QRS counting can be used for heart beat rate.
C. End of T wave marks end of systole.
D. Any deviation from standard shape for a given lead may indicate disease.
148.A healthy person has stroke volume 70 mL and heart rate 72/min. The expected cardiac output is closest to:
149.If a heart completes 72 cardiac cycles in one minute, duration of one cycle is approximately:
150.An individual repeatedly shows blood pressure 145/92 mm Hg. Based on the chapter, this suggests:
Answer Key
12
22
33
43
52
63
73
82
92
102
111
124
132
141
152
162
172
183
192
201
213
222
232
243
252
262
272
282
293
302
312
322
331
342
352
361
374
381
391
404
411
421
431
441
454
461
471
481
494
501
511
521
531
541
551
561
574
581
591
601
611
621
634
641
651
661
671
681
691
701
711
724
732
741
754
764
773
784
794
803
814
823
834
844
854
864
874
884
894
904
913
924
934
944
954
964
974
984
994
1001
1011
1021
1031
1041
1051
1061
1071
1081
1091
1101
1111
1121
1131
1141
1151
1161
1171
1182
1192
1201
1212
1221
1233
1241
1252
1261
1271
1281
1291
1301
1311
1322
1333
1342
1354
1363
1372
1381
1392
1402
1412
1422
1432
1441
1451
1461
1474
1483
1492
1502