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NEET Biology Class 11 - The Living World Ultra-Hard Question Bank

Duration: 96 minutesTotal Marks: 384Questions: 96Negative Marking: -1

Instructions:

  1. Each question has four options (1), (2), (3), (4). Choose the most correct answer.
  2. Each correct answer carries 4 marks.
  3. Each wrong answer will deduct 1 marks.
  4. Unanswered questions will not be penalised.
1.Read the following statements regarding Ernst Mayr and identify the correct combination:

I. Ernst Mayr was born on 5 July 1904, in Kempten, Germany.

II. He was an evolutionary biologist who joined Harvard's Faculty of Arts and Sciences in 1975.

III. He retired in 1953, assuming the title Alexander Agassiz Professor of Zoology Emeritus.
(1)I only
(2)All of the above
(3)I and II only
(4)I and III only
2.Assertion (A): Ernst Mayr has been called 'The Darwin of the 20th century'.

Reason (R): Mayr assumed the title Alexander Agassiz Professor of Zoology Emeritus upon his retirement in 1975.
(1)A is false but R is true.
(2)Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(3)Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(4)A is true but R is false.
3.Identify the fields that were NOT part of Ernst Mayr's research career as explicitly listed in NCERT:

I. Ornithology

II. Taxonomy

III. Zoogeography

IV. Genetics

V. History and philosophy of biology
(1)IV and V
(2)III and IV
(3)IV only
(4)None of the above
4.Verify the years in which Ernst Mayr received his awards and choose the correct combination:

I. Balzan Prize - 1983

II. Crafoord Prize - 1994

III. International Prize for Biology - 1999
(1)I and III
(2)I only
(3)I and II
(4)All of the above
5.Assertion (A): Ernst Mayr almost single-handedly made the origin of species diversity the central question of evolutionary biology.

Reason (R): Mayr pioneered the currently accepted definition of a biological species.
(1)Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(2)A is true but R is false.
(3)A is false but R is true.
(4)Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
6.Assertion (A): Mayr pioneered the currently accepted definition of a taxonomic species.

Reason (R): Mayr was awarded the three prizes regarded as the triple crown of biology.
(1)Both A and R are false.
(2)A is true but R is false.
(3)A is false but R is true.
(4)Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
7.Identify the correct timeline statement for Ernst Mayr:

I. Mayr died at the age of 100 in the year 2004.

II. Mayr lived through the entire 20th century.

III. Mayr retired in 1975 after a career spanning nearly 80 years.
(1)I and III
(2)All of the above
(3)None of the above
(4)I and II
8.Assertion (A): Ernst Mayr is regarded as one of the 100 greatest scientists of all time.

Reason (R): Mayr has been called 'The Lamarck of the 20th century'.
(1)A is true but R is false.
(2)Both A and R are true.
(3)A is false but R is true.
(4)Both A and R are false.
9.Read the following statements and identify the correct one based on the Unit 1 introduction:

I. Early man deified all of the inanimate matter (wind, sea, fire etc.).

II. Early man deified some among the animals and plants.

III. A common feature of all forms of inanimate and animate objects was the sense of awe or fear they evoked.
(1)All of the above
(2)I and II
(3)II and III
(4)I and III
10.Assertion (A): The description of living organisms including human beings began much later in human history.

Reason (R): Early societies registered rapid progress in biological knowledge by focusing on anthropocentric views.
(1)Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(2)A is false but R is true.
(3)Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(4)A is true but R is false.
11.According to NCERT, systematic and monumental description of life forms brought in, out of necessity, which of the following?

I. Detailed systems of identification

II. Detailed systems of nomenclature

III. Detailed systems of classification

IV. Detailed systems of conservation
(1)I, II, and III
(2)II, III, and IV
(3)I and II only
(4)All of the above
12.Assertion (A): The biggest spin-off of systematic studies of life forms was the recognition of sharing of similarities among living organisms.

Reason (R): Living organisms share similarities both horizontally and vertically.
(1)A is false but R is true.
(2)A is true but R is false.
(3)Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(4)Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
13.Read the following statements and identify the correct ones:

I. All present-day living organisms are related to each other.

II. Present-day living organisms are related to all organisms that ever lived on earth.

III. This revelation humbled man and led to cultural movements for conservation of biodiversity.
(1)I and II
(2)I and III
(3)II and III
(4)All of the above
14.Assertion (A): In the Unit 1 chapters, you will get a description including classification of animals and plants.

Reason (R): The classification in these chapters is written from an evolutionary biologist's perspective.
(1)Both A and R are true.
(2)Both A and R are false.
(3)A is true but R is false.
(4)A is false but R is true.
15.Which of the following extraordinary habitats and beauty indicators are explicitly listed in NCERT Chapter 1 to leave us speechless or evoke awe?

I. Cold mountains and deciduous forests

II. Attacking shark and galloping horse

III. Valley of flowers and migrating birds

IV. Hot springs and fresh water lakes

V. Coral reefs and tropical rain forests
(1)I, II, and III only
(2)II, III, and IV only
(3)All of the above
(4)I, II, III, and IV only
16.Assertion (A): The ecological conflict and cooperation among members of a population and among populations of a community make us deeply reflect on what life is.

Reason (R): Ecological cooperation only occurs between populations of different communities.
(1)Both A and R are true.
(2)Both A and R are false.
(3)A is false but R is true.
(4)A is true but R is false.
17.Read the following statements and identify which is incorrect:

I. Molecular traffic inside a cell makes us deeply reflect on what life is.

II. The question 'what is life' has two implicit questions within it.

III. The first question is a philosophical one, and seeks answer to what living is as opposed to the non-living.

IV. The second question is a philosophical one, and seeks answer to what the purpose of life is.
(1)III only
(2)III and IV
(3)II and III
(4)None of the above
18.Assertion (A): As scientists, we shall not attempt answering the question of what the purpose of life is.

Reason (R): The purpose of life is a technical question that lies outside the domain of biological science.
(1)Both A and R are true.
(2)A is false but R is true.
(3)A is true but R is false.
(4)Both A and R are false.
19.Select the correct statement(s) regarding the range of observations in biodiversity:

I. Several organisms that we cannot see with our naked eye are all around us.

II. If we increase the area of observation, the range of organisms would increase but variety would remain constant.

III. Visiting a dense forest would probably show a much greater number and kinds of living organisms.
(1)I and III
(2)All of the above
(3)I and II
(4)II and III
20.Assertion (A): The estimated number of species present on Earth ranges between 1.7-1.8 million.

Reason (R): This number refers to biodiversity, representing the number and types of organisms present on Earth.
(1)A is false but R is true.
(2)Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(3)A is true but R is false.
(4)Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
21.Assertion (A): As we explore new areas, and even old ones, new organisms are continuously being identified.

Reason (R): The species that are known and described range between 1.7-1.8 million.
(1)A is false but R is true.
(2)Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(3)Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(4)A is true but R is false.
22.Read the following statements regarding local names:

I. We know the plants and animals in our own area by their local names.

II. Local names vary from place to place, but remain constant within a country.

III. Confusion would be created if we did not find ways to refer to organisms.
(1)I and III
(2)All of the above
(3)I and II
(4)II and III
23.Assertion (A): Nomenclature is the process of standardising the naming of living organisms.

Reason (R): A particular organism is known by the same name all over the world under nomenclature.
(1)A is false but R is true.
(2)A is true but R is false.
(3)Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(4)Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
24.Assertion (A): Nomenclature is only possible when the organism is described correctly.

Reason (R): We must know to what organism the name is attached. This process is called characterisation.
(1)A is true but R is false.
(2)Both A and R are true.
(3)Both A and R are false.
(4)A is false but R is true.
25.Study the scientific naming code names and identify which is incorrect:

I. For plants, scientific names are provided in the International Code for Botanical Nomenclature.

II. For animals, animal taxonomists have evolved the International Code for Zoological Nomenclature.

III. ICBN uses the preposition 'for' while ICZN uses the preposition 'of'.
(1)I and II
(2)None of the above
(3)III only
(4)II only
26.Assertion (A): Scientific names ensure that each organism has only one name.

Reason (R): The description of any organism should enable people in any part of the world to arrive at different names to avoid conflict.
(1)Both A and R are true.
(2)A is true but R is false.
(3)Both A and R are false.
(4)A is false but R is true.
27.Assertion (A): In the binomial nomenclature system, each scientific name has two components.

Reason (R): The two components are the Generic name and the specific epithet.
(1)Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(2)A is false but R is true.
(3)Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(4)A is true but R is false.
28.Read the following statements regarding binomial nomenclature:

I. This naming system was given by Carolus Linnaeus.

II. It is practiced by biologists all over the world.

III. The format using two words was found convenient.
(1)I and III
(2)None of the above
(3)I and II
(4)All of the above
29.Assertion (A): In the scientific name of mango (*Mangifera indica*), 'indica' represents the genus.

Reason (R): 'Mangifera' represents the specific epithet.
(1)Both A and R are false.
(2)A is false but R is true.
(3)A is true but R is false.
(4)Both A and R are true.
30.Assertion (A): Biological names are generally written in italics.

Reason (R): Biological names are Latinised or derived from Latin to show their Latin origin.
(1)A is true but R is false.
(2)A is false but R is true.
(3)Both A and R are true.
(4)Both A and R are false.
31.Read the following statements regarding binomial name components:

I. The first word in a biological name represents the specific epithet.

II. The second component in a biological name denotes the genus.
Which of the statements is/are correct?
(1)I only
(2)None of the above
(3)Both I and II
(4)II only
32.Assertion (A): Both words in a biological name, when handwritten, are separately underlined.

Reason (R): Separate underlining, or printing in italics, is done to indicate their Latin origin.
(1)Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(2)Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(3)A is false but R is true.
(4)A is true but R is false.
33.Assertion (A): The first word denoting the genus starts with a capital letter.

Reason (R): The specific epithet starts with a small letter, as illustrated by *Mangifera Indica*.
(1)Both A and R are true.
(2)A is false but R is true.
(3)Both A and R are false.
(4)A is true but R is false.
34.Which of the following is correct regarding author description in scientific names?

I. Name of the author appears after the specific epithet.

II. It is written at the end of the biological name.

III. It is written in an abbreviated form.

IV. It must be written in italics.
(1)All of the above
(2)I, II, and III
(3)I and II only
(4)II, III, and IV
35.Assertion (A): In *Mangifera indica* Linn., 'Linn.' indicates that this species was first described by Linnaeus.

Reason (R): Carolus Linnaeus pioneered the currently accepted definition of a biological species.
(1)Both A and R are false.
(2)Both A and R are true.
(3)A is false but R is true.
(4)A is true but R is false.
36.Assertion (A): Classification is necessary because it is nearly impossible to study all living organisms.

Reason (R): Classification is the process by which anything is grouped into convenient categories based on some easily observable characters.
(1)Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(2)A is true but R is false.
(3)Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(4)A is false but R is true.
37.Study the following statements regarding categories:

I. When we think of a dog, we associate certain characters with it, seeing 'dogs' and not 'cats'.

II. When we think of 'mammals', we think of animals with external ears and body hair.

III. In plants, if we talk of 'Wheat', the picture in our minds will be of wheat or rice plants.
(1)II and III
(2)All of the above
(3)I and II
(4)I and III
38.Assertion (A): The scientific term for categories like 'Wheat', 'Plants', and 'Animals' is taxa.

Reason (R): Taxa represents categories at the same hierarchical level.
(1)Both A and R are true.
(2)Both A and R are false.
(3)A is false but R is true.
(4)A is true but R is false.
39.Arrange the following taxa in ascending order of their hierarchical levels according to the text:

I. Dogs

II. Mammals

III. Animals
(1)I →\rightarrow III →\rightarrow II
(2)II →\rightarrow I →\rightarrow III
(3)III →\rightarrow II →\rightarrow I
(4)I →\rightarrow II →\rightarrow III
40.Assertion (A): Based on characteristics, all living organisms can be classified into different taxa.

Reason (R): This process of classification is called systematics.
(1)A is false but R is true.
(2)Both A and R are false.
(3)A is true but R is false.
(4)Both A and R are true.
41.Which of the following form the basis of modern taxonomic studies?

I. External and internal structure

II. Cell structure

III. Developmental processes

IV. Ecological information of organisms
(1)I, II, and IV
(2)I, II, and III
(3)All of the above
(4)II, III, and IV
42.Assertion (A): Characterisation, identification, classification, and nomenclature are the processes basic to taxonomy.

Reason (R): These four processes form the basis of modern taxonomic studies.
(1)Both A and R are false.
(2)A is false but R is true.
(3)Both A and R are true.
(4)A is true but R is false.
43.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R):

Assertion (A): The earliest classifications of organisms were based on their evolutionary relationships.

Reason (R): Early human beings needed to find sources for food, clothing, and shelter.

In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
(1)Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of Assertion.
(2)Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
(3)A is true but R is false.
(4)A is false but R is true.
44.Assertion (A): Systematics is the branch of study concerned with knowing different kinds of organisms, their diversities, and relationships.

Reason (R): Humans have always been interested in knowing more about organisms and the relationships among them.
(1)A is false but R is true.
(2)Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(3)A is true but R is false.
(4)Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
45.Assertion (A): The word systematics is derived from the Latin word 'systema'.

Reason (R): 'Systema' refers to the evolutionary mapping of organisms.
(1)Both A and R are false.
(2)Both A and R are true.
(3)A is true but R is false.
(4)A is false but R is true.
46.Which of the following is correct regarding Linnaeus's work?

I. Linnaeus used 'Systema Naturae' as the title of his publication.

II. Linnaeus used binomial nomenclature as the title of his publication.

III. Systema Naturae is a Greek book title.
(1)All of the above
(2)I and III
(3)I and II
(4)I only
47.Assertion (A): The scope of systematics was later enlarged to include identification, nomenclature, and classification.

Reason (R): Systematics and taxonomy are synonymous terms representing the same scope of study.
(1)Both A and R are false.
(2)A is false but R is true.
(3)A is true but R is false.
(4)Both A and R are true.
48.Assertion (A): Systematics takes into account evolutionary relationships between organisms.

Reason (R): Evolution is the only basis of characterisation in modern taxonomy.
(1)Both A and R are true.
(2)A is false but R is true.
(3)Both A and R are false.
(4)A is true but R is false.
49.Assertion (A): Classification is a single-step process that immediately assigns an organism to a category.

Reason (R): In classification, each step in the hierarchy represents a rank or category.
(1)A is true but R is false.
(2)A is false but R is true.
(3)Both A and R are false.
(4)Both A and R are true.
50.Which of the following is correct regarding taxonomic category and hierarchy?

I. Since the category is a part of the overall taxonomic arrangement, it is called the taxonomic category.

II. All categories together constitute the taxonomic hierarchy.

III. Category is the concrete biological entity occupying a rank.
(1)I and II
(2)All of the above
(3)II and III
(4)I and III
51.Assertion (A): Each category represents a unit of classification.

Reason (R): Category represents a rank and is commonly termed as taxon.
(1)Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(2)Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(3)A is false but R is true.
(4)A is true but R is false.
52.Which of the following is correct regarding singular/plural forms of taxonomic ranks?

I. Taxon is the singular form.

II. Taxa is the plural form.

III. Category is the plural form, and rank is the singular form.
(1)All of the above
(2)I and II
(3)I and III
(4)II and III
53.Assertion (A): Insects represent a group of organisms sharing common features like three pairs of jointed legs.

Reason (R): Insects are abstract aggregates that cannot be given a concrete rank or category.
(1)Both A and R are false.
(2)A is false but R is true.
(3)A is true but R is false.
(4)Both A and R are true.
54.According to the text in Section 1.2, choose the correct sequence of relationships among group, category, and rank:

I. Groups represent category.

II. Category further denotes rank.

III. Each rank or taxon represents a unit of classification.
(1)I and II
(2)II and III
(3)I and III
(4)All of the above
55.Assertion (A): Taxonomic groups or categories are distinct biological entities.

Reason (R): Taxonomic groups are merely morphological aggregates of species.
(1)Both A and R are false.
(2)A is true but R is false.
(3)Both A and R are true.
(4)A is false but R is true.
56.Which of the following represents the list of common categories in taxonomic studies as listed in NCERT?

I. Kingdom

II. Phylum or Division (for plants)

III. Class and Order

IV. Family, Genus, and Species

V. Sub-family and Tribe
(1)I, II, III, and IV
(2)All of the above
(3)II, III, and IV only
(4)I, II, and III only
57.Assertion (A): All organisms, including those in the plant and animal kingdoms, have species as the lowest category.

Reason (R): Species represents the highest category in classification systems.
(1)A is true but R is false.
(2)A is false but R is true.
(3)Both A and R are false.
(4)Both A and R are true.
58.Assertion (A): The basic requirement to place an organism in various categories is the knowledge of characters of an individual or group of organisms.

Reason (R): Knowledge of characters helps in identifying similarities and dissimilarities among individuals of the same kind and other kinds of organisms.
(1)Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(2)A is false but R is true.
(3)Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(4)A is true but R is false.
59.Assertion (A): Taxonomic studies consider a group of individual organisms with fundamental similarities as a species.

Reason (R): A genus is an aggregate of closely related species.
(1)A is true but R is false.
(2)Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(3)A is false but R is true.
(4)Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
60.Assertion (A): One should be able to distinguish one species from other closely related species based on distinct morphological differences.

Reason (R): Closely related species share no vegetative or reproductive similarities.
(1)A is true but R is false.
(2)A is false but R is true.
(3)Both A and R are true.
(4)Both A and R are false.
61.Consider the scientific names: *Mangifera indica*, *Solanum tuberosum*, and *Panthera leo*. Which of the following is correct?

I. indica, tuberosum, and leo represent specific epithets.

II. Mangifera, Solanum, and Panthera represent genera.

III. All these three genera represent the same level of category.
(1)II and III
(2)I and II
(3)I and III
(4)All of the above
62.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R):

Assertion (A): Each genus may have one or more than one specific epithets representing different organisms.

Reason (R): Different organisms in a genus must have morphological similarities.
(1)Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(2)A is false but R is true.
(3)A is true but R is false.
(4)Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
63.Read the following statements and select the correct option:

I. Panthera has another specific epithet called tigris.

II. Solanum includes species like nigrum and melongena.

III. Solanum has specific epithets called leo and pardus.
(1)I and III
(2)II and III
(3)All of the above
(4)I and II
64.Assertion (A): Human beings belong to the species *sapiens* which is grouped in the genus *Homo*.

Reason (R): The scientific name for human beings is written as *Homo sapiens*.
(1)Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(2)A is false but R is true.
(3)Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(4)A is true but R is false.
65.Assertion (A): Genus comprises a group of related species which has more characters in common in comparison to species of other genera.

Reason (R): Genera are aggregates of closely related species.
(1)A is false but R is true.
(2)Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(3)Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(4)A is true but R is false.
66.Assertion (A): Family has a group of related genera with more similarities as compared to genus and species.

Reason (R): As we go higher in the taxonomic hierarchy, the number of similarities goes on decreasing.
(1)Both A and R are false.
(2)Both A and R are true.
(3)A is true but R is false.
(4)A is false but R is true.
67.Assertion (A): Plant families are characterised on the basis of vegetative features of plant species.

Reason (R): Reproductive features of plant species are excluded from family characterisation.
(1)A is true but R is false.
(2)A is false but R is true.
(3)Both A and R are false.
(4)Both A and R are true.
68.Which of the following genera are placed in the family Solanaceae according to NCERT?

I. Solanum

II. Petunia

III. Datura

IV. Mangifera
(1)All of the above
(2)I and II only
(3)I, III, and IV
(4)I, II, and III
69.Assertion (A): Genus Panthera is put along with genus Felis in the family Felidae.

Reason (R): Genus Panthera comprises lion, tiger, and leopard, while genus Felis includes cats.
(1)A is false but R is true.
(2)Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(3)A is true but R is false.
(4)Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
70.Read the following statements regarding cat and dog families:

I. Cats and dogs share some similarities and some differences.

II. Cats and dogs are placed in the family Felidae.

III. Dogs are separated into the family Canidae.

IV. Cats are placed in the family Felidae.
(1)I, II, and III
(2)I and IV only
(3)I, III, and IV
(4)All of the above
71.Assertion (A): Order and other higher categories are identified based on the aggregates of characters.

Reason (R): Order is the assemblage of families which exhibit a few similar characters.
(1)Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(2)A is false but R is true.
(3)Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(4)A is true but R is false.
72.Assertion (A): The similar characters in an order are less in number as compared to different genera included in a family.

Reason (R): As the rank in the hierarchy increases, the number of shared characters increases.
(1)Both A and R are false.
(2)A is true but R is false.
(3)Both A and R are true.
(4)A is false but R is true.
73.Assertion (A): Plant families like Convolvulaceae and Solanaceae are included in the order Polymoniales.

Reason (R): Order Polymoniales is established mainly based on floral characters.
(1)A is false but R is true.
(2)Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(3)A is true but R is false.
(4)Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
74.Which of the following families are included in the animal order Carnivora in NCERT?

I. Felidae

II. Canidae

III. Hominidae

IV. Muscidae
(1)I and III
(2)All of the above
(3)I and II
(4)I, II, and III
75.Assertion (A): Class is a category that includes related orders.

Reason (R): Order Primata and Order Carnivora belong to the same class.
(1)Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(2)Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(3)A is false but R is true.
(4)A is true but R is false.
76.Read the following statements regarding Class Mammalia:

I. It includes monkey, gorilla, and gibbon under the order Primata.

II. It includes tiger, cat, and dog under the order Carnivora.

III. Class Mammalia contains no orders other than Primata and Carnivora.
(1)II and III
(2)All of the above
(3)I and II
(4)I and III
77.Assertion (A): Class Mammalia has other orders also besides Primata and Carnivora.

Reason (R): Primata and Carnivora represent different classes in the animal kingdom.
(1)A is false but R is true.
(2)Both A and R are false.
(3)Both A and R are true.
(4)A is true but R is false.
78.Which of the following classes constitute the next higher category called Phylum in NCERT?

I. Fishes

II. Amphibians and Reptiles

III. Birds and Mammals

IV. Insecta
(1)All of the above
(2)I, II, and III
(3)I and II only
(4)I, III, and IV
79.Assertion (A): Vertebrate classes like fishes, reptiles, and mammals are included in the phylum Chordata.

Reason (R): These classes share common features like the presence of a notochord and a dorsal hollow neural system.
(1)A is false but R is true.
(2)Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(3)A is true but R is false.
(4)Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
80.Assertion (A): In case of plants, classes with a few similar characters are assigned to a higher category called Phylum.

Reason (R): In plants, Division is the category equivalent to Phylum in animals.
(1)Both A and R are true.
(2)A is true but R is false.
(3)A is false but R is true.
(4)Both A and R are false.
81.Assertion (A): All animals belonging to various phyla are assigned to the highest category called Kingdom Animalia.

Reason (R): Kingdom Plantae comprises all plants from various divisions.
(1)A is false but R is true.
(2)A is true but R is false.
(3)Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(4)Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
82.Assertion (A): Plantae and Animalia are the two groups referred to as kingdoms in animal and plant classification systems respectively.

Reason (R): Kingdom is the lowest category in the taxonomic hierarchy.
(1)Both A and R are false.
(2)A is true but R is false.
(3)Both A and R are true.
(4)A is false but R is true.
83.Assertion (A): Taxonomic categories are shown in ascending order starting with species in Figure 1.1.

Reason (R): Figure 1.1 displays the hierarchy starting with species at the bottom and ascending to kingdom at the top.
(1)Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(2)A is true but R is false.
(3)A is false but R is true.
(4)Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
84.Assertion (A): As we go higher from species to kingdom, the number of common characteristics goes on decreasing.

Reason (R): Lower the taxa, more are the characteristics that the members within the taxon share.
(1)Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(2)Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(3)A is false but R is true.
(4)A is true but R is false.
85.Assertion (A): Lower the taxa, fewer are the characteristics that the members within the taxon share.

Reason (R): Higher the category, greater is the difficulty of determining the relationship to other taxa at the same level.
(1)Both A and R are false.
(2)A is true but R is false.
(3)A is false but R is true.
(4)Both A and R are true.
86.Assertion (A): Higher the category, greater is the difficulty of determining the relationship to other taxa at the same level.

Reason (R): Lower categories have fewer common characteristics, making relationship mapping simple.
(1)A is true but R is false.
(2)Both A and R are true.
(3)A is false but R is true.
(4)Both A and R are false.
87.Assertion (A): At higher levels, the problem of classification becomes more complex.

Reason (R): Determining relationship to other taxa at the same level becomes more difficult at higher categories.
(1)A is false but R is true.
(2)Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(3)Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(4)A is true but R is false.
88.Verify the classification of Man (*Homo sapiens*) based on Table 1.1:

I. Genus - *Homo*

II. Family - Hominidae

III. Order - Primata

IV. Class - Mammalia

V. Phylum - Chordata
Which of the statements are correct?
(1)I, II, III, and IV only
(2)III, IV, and V only
(3)All of the above
(4)I, II, and V only
89.Verify the classification of Housefly (*Musca domestica*) based on Table 1.1 and identify the correct combination:

I. Genus - *Musca*

II. Family - Muscidae

III. Order - Diptera

IV. Class - Insecta

V. Phylum - Arthropoda
(1)I, III, IV, and V only
(2)I, II, and III only
(3)All of the above
(4)II, III, and V only
90.Based on Table 1.1, choose the incorrect classification statement for Mango (*Mangifera indica*):

I. Genus - *Mangifera*

II. Family - Anacardiaceae

III. Order - Sapindales

IV. Class - Dicotyledonae

V. Division - Angiospermae
(1)III only
(2)II only
(3)IV and V
(4)None of the above
91.Verify the classification of Wheat (*Triticum aestivum*) based on Table 1.1:

I. Genus - *Triticum*

II. Family - Poaceae

III. Order - Poales

IV. Class - Monocotyledonae

V. Division - Angiospermae
Which of the statements are correct?
(1)I, III, and V only
(2)All of the above
(3)I, II, and III only
(4)II and IV only
92.Assertion (A): Biologists have evolved rules and principles for identification, nomenclature, and classification.

Reason (R): The branch of knowledge dealing with these aspects is referred to as systematics.
(1)A is true but R is false.
(2)Both A and R are false.
(3)Both A and R are true.
(4)A is false but R is true.
93.According to the Chapter 1 Summary, taxonomic studies of various species of plants and animals are useful in which of the following areas?

I. Agriculture

II. Forestry

III. Industry

IV. Knowing our bio-resources and their diversity

V. Outer space colonization
(1)I, II, and III only
(2)All of the above
(3)II, III, and IV only
(4)I, II, III, and IV
94.Assertion (A): Each organism is identified and assigned a correct scientific name comprising two words as per the binomial system.

Reason (R): Based on resemblances and distinct differences, organisms are assigned names.
(1)A is true but R is false.
(2)Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(3)A is false but R is true.
(4)Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
95.Assertion (A): An organism represents or occupies a place or position in the system of classification.

Reason (R): There are many categories or ranks which constitute a taxonomic hierarchy.
(1)Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(2)Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(3)A is false but R is true.
(4)A is true but R is false.
96.Identify the correct sequence of taxonomic categories in ascending order based on Exercise Question 7:

I. Species →\rightarrow Genus →\rightarrow Family →\rightarrow Order →\rightarrow Class →\rightarrow Phylum/Division →\rightarrow Kingdom

II. Species →\rightarrow Genus →\rightarrow Order →\rightarrow Phylum →\rightarrow Kingdom

III. Species →\rightarrow Order →\rightarrow Phylum →\rightarrow Kingdom

IV. Genus →\rightarrow Species →\rightarrow Order →\rightarrow Kingdom
(1)I and III
(2)II and III
(3)I and II
(4)I only
NEET ]96[ Contd...

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