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NEET ]1[ Contd...
NEET Biology Class 11 - Biological Classification Ultra-Hard Question Bank
Instructions:
- Each question has four options (1), (2), (3), (4). Choose the most correct answer.
- Each correct answer carries 4 marks.
- Each wrong answer will deduct 1 marks.
- Unanswered questions will not be penalised.
1.Consider the following statements regarding the earliest classification attempts in scientific history (Question 1):
I. Aristotle was the earliest to attempt a more scientific basis for classification.
II. He used simple anatomical characters to classify plants into trees, shrubs, and herbs.
III. He divided animals into two groups: those which had red blood and those that did not.
IV. Biological classification before Aristotle was done instinctively, driven by utilitarian needs for food, shelter, and clothing.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
I. Aristotle was the earliest to attempt a more scientific basis for classification.
II. He used simple anatomical characters to classify plants into trees, shrubs, and herbs.
III. He divided animals into two groups: those which had red blood and those that did not.
IV. Biological classification before Aristotle was done instinctively, driven by utilitarian needs for food, shelter, and clothing.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
2.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R) (Question 2):
Assertion (A): In Linnaeus' time, a Two Kingdom system of classification was developed that placed photosynthetic green algae and non-photosynthetic fungi together under Plantae.
Reason (R): Green plants have a chitinous cell wall whereas fungi have a cellulosic cell wall, which unified their kingdom inclusion.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Assertion (A): In Linnaeus' time, a Two Kingdom system of classification was developed that placed photosynthetic green algae and non-photosynthetic fungi together under Plantae.
Reason (R): Green plants have a chitinous cell wall whereas fungi have a cellulosic cell wall, which unified their kingdom inclusion.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
3.Consider the following list of biological criteria (Question 3):
I. Cell structure
II. Nature of cell wall
III. Mode of nutrition
IV. Habitat
V. Reproduction
VI. Phylogenetic relationships
VII. Body organisation
Which of the options correctly lists the main criteria used by R.H. Whittaker (1969) for proposing the Five Kingdom Classification?
I. Cell structure
II. Nature of cell wall
III. Mode of nutrition
IV. Habitat
V. Reproduction
VI. Phylogenetic relationships
VII. Body organisation
Which of the options correctly lists the main criteria used by R.H. Whittaker (1969) for proposing the Five Kingdom Classification?
4.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R) (Question 4):
Assertion (A): The three-domain system divides the Kingdom Monera into two domains, leaving the remaining eukaryotic kingdoms in the third domain, thereby resulting in a six kingdom classification.
Reason (R): This system places all prokaryotic and eukaryotic kingdoms into three distinct, structurally uniform domains called Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Assertion (A): The three-domain system divides the Kingdom Monera into two domains, leaving the remaining eukaryotic kingdoms in the third domain, thereby resulting in a six kingdom classification.
Reason (R): This system places all prokaryotic and eukaryotic kingdoms into three distinct, structurally uniform domains called Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
5.Consider the following statements regarding the earlier classification systems described in the NCERT text (Question 5):
I. Earlier classification systems included bacteria, blue-green algae, fungi, mosses, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms under 'Plants'.
II. The character that unified this whole kingdom was that all the organisms included had a cellulose cell wall in their cells.
III. This system brought together the prokaryotic bacteria and blue-green algae with other eukaryotic groups.
IV. It placed together unicellular organisms and multicellular ones under the same groups (e.g., Chlamydomonas and Spirogyra were placed together under algae).
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
I. Earlier classification systems included bacteria, blue-green algae, fungi, mosses, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms under 'Plants'.
II. The character that unified this whole kingdom was that all the organisms included had a cellulose cell wall in their cells.
III. This system brought together the prokaryotic bacteria and blue-green algae with other eukaryotic groups.
IV. It placed together unicellular organisms and multicellular ones under the same groups (e.g., Chlamydomonas and Spirogyra were placed together under algae).
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
6.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R) (Question 6):
Assertion (A): Kingdom Protista has brought together Chlamydomonas and Chlorella with Paramecium and Amoeba.
Reason (R): Chlamydomonas and Chlorella lack cell walls, while Paramecium and Amoeba possess cell walls, thereby unifying their structural classifications under Protista.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Assertion (A): Kingdom Protista has brought together Chlamydomonas and Chlorella with Paramecium and Amoeba.
Reason (R): Chlamydomonas and Chlorella lack cell walls, while Paramecium and Amoeba possess cell walls, thereby unifying their structural classifications under Protista.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
7.Consider the following statements regarding the character comparisons in Table 2.1 of the Five Kingdoms (Question 7):
I. In Kingdom Monera, the cell wall is noncellulosic, composed of polysaccharide and amino acid.
II. The nuclear membrane is present in all kingdoms except Monera.
III. The body organisation is cellular in both Monera and Protista.
IV. The mode of nutrition in Fungi is autotrophic (saprophytic and parasitic).
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT Table 2.1?
I. In Kingdom Monera, the cell wall is noncellulosic, composed of polysaccharide and amino acid.
II. The nuclear membrane is present in all kingdoms except Monera.
III. The body organisation is cellular in both Monera and Protista.
IV. The mode of nutrition in Fungi is autotrophic (saprophytic and parasitic).
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT Table 2.1?
8.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R) (Question 8):
Assertion (A): According to Table 2.1, Kingdom Fungi exhibits multicellular body organisation with loose tissue structures.
Reason (R): Unicellular eukaryotic yeast cells, though placed under Fungi, are exceptions that display tissue-level body organisation.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Assertion (A): According to Table 2.1, Kingdom Fungi exhibits multicellular body organisation with loose tissue structures.
Reason (R): Unicellular eukaryotic yeast cells, though placed under Fungi, are exceptions that display tissue-level body organisation.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
9.Consider the following statements regarding the nutritional modes in Table 2.1 (Question 9):
I. Monera includes both autotrophic (chemosynthetic and photosynthetic) and heterotrophic (saprophytic and parasitic) members.
II. Protista is solely autotrophic (photosynthetic) and does not show heterotrophic modes.
III. Plantae is autotrophic (photosynthetic).
IV. Animalia is heterotrophic (holozoic, saprophytic, etc.).
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT Table 2.1?
I. Monera includes both autotrophic (chemosynthetic and photosynthetic) and heterotrophic (saprophytic and parasitic) members.
II. Protista is solely autotrophic (photosynthetic) and does not show heterotrophic modes.
III. Plantae is autotrophic (photosynthetic).
IV. Animalia is heterotrophic (holozoic, saprophytic, etc.).
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT Table 2.1?
10.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R) (Question 10):
Assertion (A): R.H. Whittaker (1969) proposed a Five Kingdom Classification to replace the inadequate two-kingdom classification.
Reason (R): Cell structure, body organisation, mode of nutrition, reproduction, and phylogenetic relationships were the main criteria used by him.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Assertion (A): R.H. Whittaker (1969) proposed a Five Kingdom Classification to replace the inadequate two-kingdom classification.
Reason (R): Cell structure, body organisation, mode of nutrition, reproduction, and phylogenetic relationships were the main criteria used by him.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
11.Consider the following statements regarding cell wall compositions in Table 2.1 (Question 11):
I. Monera cell wall is non-cellulosic, made of polysaccharide and amino acid.
II. Protista cell wall is present in all members.
III. Fungi cell wall is present with chitin.
IV. Plantae cell wall is present and cellulosic.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT Table 2.1?
I. Monera cell wall is non-cellulosic, made of polysaccharide and amino acid.
II. Protista cell wall is present in all members.
III. Fungi cell wall is present with chitin.
IV. Plantae cell wall is present and cellulosic.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT Table 2.1?
12.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R) (Question 12):
Assertion (A): Over time, classification systems for the living organisms have undergone several changes.
Reason (R): Though plant and animal kingdoms have been a constant under all different systems, the understanding of what groups/organisms be included under these kingdoms has been changing.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Assertion (A): Over time, classification systems for the living organisms have undergone several changes.
Reason (R): Though plant and animal kingdoms have been a constant under all different systems, the understanding of what groups/organisms be included under these kingdoms has been changing.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
13.Consider the following statements regarding Kingdom Monera and Bacteria (Question 13):
I. Bacteria are the sole members of the Kingdom Monera.
II. They are the most abundant micro-organisms, occurring almost everywhere.
III. Hundreds of bacteria are present in a handful of soil.
IV. They live in extreme habitats like hot springs, deserts, snow, and deep oceans, where very few other life forms can survive.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
I. Bacteria are the sole members of the Kingdom Monera.
II. They are the most abundant micro-organisms, occurring almost everywhere.
III. Hundreds of bacteria are present in a handful of soil.
IV. They live in extreme habitats like hot springs, deserts, snow, and deep oceans, where very few other life forms can survive.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
14.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R) (Question 14):
Assertion (A): Bacteria are grouped under four categories based on their shape: the spherical Bacillus, the rod-shaped Coccus, the comma-shaped Vibrium, and the spiral Spirillum.
Reason (R): These shapes are structural adaptations that facilitate different methods of bacterial movement and feeding.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Assertion (A): Bacteria are grouped under four categories based on their shape: the spherical Bacillus, the rod-shaped Coccus, the comma-shaped Vibrium, and the spiral Spirillum.
Reason (R): These shapes are structural adaptations that facilitate different methods of bacterial movement and feeding.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
15.Consider the following statements regarding bacterial metabolism and behavior (Question 15):
I. Though the bacterial structure is very simple, they are very complex in behaviour.
II. Compared to many other organisms, bacteria as a group show the most extensive metabolic diversity.
III. Some of the bacteria are autotrophic, synthesising their own food from organic substrates.
IV. The vast majority of bacteria are heterotrophs, depending on other organisms or dead organic matter for food.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
I. Though the bacterial structure is very simple, they are very complex in behaviour.
II. Compared to many other organisms, bacteria as a group show the most extensive metabolic diversity.
III. Some of the bacteria are autotrophic, synthesising their own food from organic substrates.
IV. The vast majority of bacteria are heterotrophs, depending on other organisms or dead organic matter for food.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
16.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R) (Question 16):
Assertion (A): Archaebacteria are special because they can live in extreme habitats like extreme salty areas (halophiles), hot springs (thermoacidophiles), and marshy areas (methanogens).
Reason (R): Archaebacteria possess a cellulosic cell wall structure that acts as a physical barrier against extreme conditions.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Assertion (A): Archaebacteria are special because they can live in extreme habitats like extreme salty areas (halophiles), hot springs (thermoacidophiles), and marshy areas (methanogens).
Reason (R): Archaebacteria possess a cellulosic cell wall structure that acts as a physical barrier against extreme conditions.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
17.Consider the following statements regarding methanogenic bacteria (Question 17):
I. Methanogens are present in the gut of several ruminant animals such as cows and buffaloes.
II. They are responsible for the production of methane (biogas) from the dung of these animals.
III. Methanogens are a group of Eubacteria that require highly oxygenated environments.
IV. They belong to Archaebacteria and thrive in marshy areas.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
I. Methanogens are present in the gut of several ruminant animals such as cows and buffaloes.
II. They are responsible for the production of methane (biogas) from the dung of these animals.
III. Methanogens are a group of Eubacteria that require highly oxygenated environments.
IV. They belong to Archaebacteria and thrive in marshy areas.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
18.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R) (Question 18):
Assertion (A): Archaebacteria show exceptional survival in extremely harsh conditions like hot springs and deep marshy vents.
Reason (R): Archaebacteria differ from other bacteria in having a different cell wall structure.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Assertion (A): Archaebacteria show exceptional survival in extremely harsh conditions like hot springs and deep marshy vents.
Reason (R): Archaebacteria differ from other bacteria in having a different cell wall structure.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
19.Consider the following statements regarding Eubacteria (Question 19):
I. There are thousands of different eubacteria or 'true bacteria'.
II. They are characterised by the presence of a rigid cell wall.
III. If motile, they are characterised by the presence of a flagellum.
IV. All eubacteria are motile and possess multiple flagella.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
I. There are thousands of different eubacteria or 'true bacteria'.
II. They are characterised by the presence of a rigid cell wall.
III. If motile, they are characterised by the presence of a flagellum.
IV. All eubacteria are motile and possess multiple flagella.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
20.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R) (Question 20):
Assertion (A): The cyanobacteria are photosynthetic autotrophs that are also referred to as blue-green algae.
Reason (R): Cyanobacteria contain chlorophyll b, which is identical to the pigments found in green plants.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Assertion (A): The cyanobacteria are photosynthetic autotrophs that are also referred to as blue-green algae.
Reason (R): Cyanobacteria contain chlorophyll b, which is identical to the pigments found in green plants.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
21.Consider the following statements regarding the structural forms and habitats of Cyanobacteria (Question 21):
I. The cyanobacteria are unicellular, colonial, or filamentous structures.
II. They are found solely in marine environments and cannot survive in fresh water or terrestrial habitats.
III. The colonies of cyanobacteria are generally surrounded by a cellulosic sheath.
IV. They often form blooms in polluted water bodies.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
I. The cyanobacteria are unicellular, colonial, or filamentous structures.
II. They are found solely in marine environments and cannot survive in fresh water or terrestrial habitats.
III. The colonies of cyanobacteria are generally surrounded by a cellulosic sheath.
IV. They often form blooms in polluted water bodies.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
22.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R) (Question 22):
Assertion (A): Some cyanobacteria can fix atmospheric nitrogen in specialised cells called heterocysts.
Reason (R): Examples of such nitrogen-fixing organisms include Mucor and Saccharomyces.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Assertion (A): Some cyanobacteria can fix atmospheric nitrogen in specialised cells called heterocysts.
Reason (R): Examples of such nitrogen-fixing organisms include Mucor and Saccharomyces.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
23.Consider the following statements regarding Chemosynthetic Autotrophic Bacteria (Question 23):
I. Chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteria oxidise various organic substances such as glucose and amino acids for energy.
II. They use the released energy for their ATP production.
III. They play a great role in recycling nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, iron, and sulphur.
IV. They oxidise inorganic substances such as nitrates, nitrites, and ammonia.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
I. Chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteria oxidise various organic substances such as glucose and amino acids for energy.
II. They use the released energy for their ATP production.
III. They play a great role in recycling nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, iron, and sulphur.
IV. They oxidise inorganic substances such as nitrates, nitrites, and ammonia.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
24.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R) (Question 24):
Assertion (A): Heterotrophic bacteria are the most abundant micro-organisms in nature.
Reason (R): The majority of heterotrophic bacteria are important decomposers.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Assertion (A): Heterotrophic bacteria are the most abundant micro-organisms in nature.
Reason (R): The majority of heterotrophic bacteria are important decomposers.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
25.Consider the following list of diseases (Question 25):
I. Cholera
II. Typhoid
III. Tetanus
IV. Citrus canker
Which of these diseases are well-known diseases caused by different bacteria according to the NCERT text?
I. Cholera
II. Typhoid
III. Tetanus
IV. Citrus canker
Which of these diseases are well-known diseases caused by different bacteria according to the NCERT text?
26.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R) (Question 26):
Assertion (A): Bacteria reproduce mainly by spore formation, and only produce fission under unfavourable conditions.
Reason (R): They also reproduce by a sort of sexual reproduction by adopting a primitive DNA transfer from one bacterium to the other.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Assertion (A): Bacteria reproduce mainly by spore formation, and only produce fission under unfavourable conditions.
Reason (R): They also reproduce by a sort of sexual reproduction by adopting a primitive DNA transfer from one bacterium to the other.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
27.Consider the following statements regarding Mycoplasma (Question 27):
I. The Mycoplasma are organisms that completely lack a cell wall.
II. They are the smallest living cells known.
III. They can survive only in highly oxygenated environments.
IV. Many mycoplasma are pathogenic in both animals and plants.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
I. The Mycoplasma are organisms that completely lack a cell wall.
II. They are the smallest living cells known.
III. They can survive only in highly oxygenated environments.
IV. Many mycoplasma are pathogenic in both animals and plants.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
28.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R) (Question 28):
Assertion (A): All single-celled eukaryotes are placed under Kingdom Protista, but the boundaries of this kingdom are not well defined.
Reason (R): What may be 'a photosynthetic protist' to one biologist may be 'a plant' to another.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Assertion (A): All single-celled eukaryotes are placed under Kingdom Protista, but the boundaries of this kingdom are not well defined.
Reason (R): What may be 'a photosynthetic protist' to one biologist may be 'a plant' to another.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
29.Consider the following statements regarding the cell structure of protists (Question 29):
I. Being eukaryotes, the protistan cell body contains a well-defined nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
II. Some protists have flagella or cilia.
III. Members of Protista are primarily terrestrial and are rarely found in aquatic habitats.
IV. Protists reproduce only by asexual methods; sexual reproduction is completely absent.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
I. Being eukaryotes, the protistan cell body contains a well-defined nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
II. Some protists have flagella or cilia.
III. Members of Protista are primarily terrestrial and are rarely found in aquatic habitats.
IV. Protists reproduce only by asexual methods; sexual reproduction is completely absent.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
30.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R) (Question 30):
Assertion (A): Chrysophytes, which include diatoms and golden algae (desmids), float passively in water currents as plankton.
Reason (R): They are microscopic and actively swim against water currents using specialized cilia to capture prey.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Assertion (A): Chrysophytes, which include diatoms and golden algae (desmids), float passively in water currents as plankton.
Reason (R): They are microscopic and actively swim against water currents using specialized cilia to capture prey.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
31.Consider the following statements regarding the cell walls of diatoms (Question 31):
I. In diatoms, the cell walls form two thin overlapping shells which fit together as in a soap box.
II. The walls are embedded with calcium carbonate and thus the walls are indestructible.
III. Diatoms leave behind large amounts of cell wall deposits in their habitat.
IV. This accumulation over billions of years is referred to as 'diatomaceous earth'.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
I. In diatoms, the cell walls form two thin overlapping shells which fit together as in a soap box.
II. The walls are embedded with calcium carbonate and thus the walls are indestructible.
III. Diatoms leave behind large amounts of cell wall deposits in their habitat.
IV. This accumulation over billions of years is referred to as 'diatomaceous earth'.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
32.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R) (Question 32):
Assertion (A): Diatomaceous earth is widely used in polishing, filtration of oils, and syrups.
Reason (R): Being gritty in nature, this soil is formed from the accumulation of silica-embedded diatom cell walls over billions of years.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Assertion (A): Diatomaceous earth is widely used in polishing, filtration of oils, and syrups.
Reason (R): Being gritty in nature, this soil is formed from the accumulation of silica-embedded diatom cell walls over billions of years.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
33.Consider the following statements regarding Dinoflagellates (Question 33):
I. Dinoflagellates are mostly marine and photosynthetic.
II. They appear yellow, green, brown, blue, or red depending on the main pigments present in their cells.
III. The cell wall has stiff chitin plates on the outer surface.
IV. Most of them have two flagella, arranged longitudinally and transversely.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
I. Dinoflagellates are mostly marine and photosynthetic.
II. They appear yellow, green, brown, blue, or red depending on the main pigments present in their cells.
III. The cell wall has stiff chitin plates on the outer surface.
IV. Most of them have two flagella, arranged longitudinally and transversely.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
34.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R) (Question 34):
Assertion (A): Diatoms are the chief 'producers' in the oceans.
Reason (R): Dinoflagellates, being golden-brown and abundant, are the primary autotrophic source in marine ecosystems.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Assertion (A): Diatoms are the chief 'producers' in the oceans.
Reason (R): Dinoflagellates, being golden-brown and abundant, are the primary autotrophic source in marine ecosystems.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
35.Consider the following statements regarding the flagellar arrangement in Dinoflagellates (Question 35):
I. Most dinoflagellates have two flagella.
II. One flagellum lies longitudinally and the other transversely in a furrow between the wall plates.
III. Both flagella emerge from the same anterior pocket and beat in unison.
IV. The flagella are completely absent in the vegetative phase of dinoflagellates.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
I. Most dinoflagellates have two flagella.
II. One flagellum lies longitudinally and the other transversely in a furrow between the wall plates.
III. Both flagella emerge from the same anterior pocket and beat in unison.
IV. The flagella are completely absent in the vegetative phase of dinoflagellates.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
36.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R) (Question 36):
Assertion (A): Very often, red dinoflagellates undergo such rapid multiplication that they make the sea appear red (red tides).
Reason (R): A classic example of such a red dinoflagellate is Euglena, which also releases toxins that kill marine fishes.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Assertion (A): Very often, red dinoflagellates undergo such rapid multiplication that they make the sea appear red (red tides).
Reason (R): A classic example of such a red dinoflagellate is Euglena, which also releases toxins that kill marine fishes.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
37.Consider the following statements regarding Euglenoids (Question 37):
I. Majority of them are fresh water organisms found in stagnant water.
II. Instead of a cell wall, they have a protein-rich layer called pellicle.
III. The pellicle makes their body extremely rigid and indestructible.
IV. They have two flagella, a short and a long one.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
I. Majority of them are fresh water organisms found in stagnant water.
II. Instead of a cell wall, they have a protein-rich layer called pellicle.
III. The pellicle makes their body extremely rigid and indestructible.
IV. They have two flagella, a short and a long one.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
38.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R) (Question 38):
Assertion (A): Euglenoids behave as heterotrophs by predating on other smaller organisms when deprived of sunlight.
Reason (R): When sunlight is present they are photosynthetic, possessing pigments identical to those present in higher plants.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Assertion (A): Euglenoids behave as heterotrophs by predating on other smaller organisms when deprived of sunlight.
Reason (R): When sunlight is present they are photosynthetic, possessing pigments identical to those present in higher plants.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
39.Consider the following statements regarding Slime Moulds (Question 39):
I. Slime moulds are saprophytic protists.
II. The body moves along decaying twigs and leaves engulfing organic material.
III. Under suitable conditions, they form an aggregation called plasmodium.
IV. The plasmodium grows and may spread over several inches.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
I. Slime moulds are saprophytic protists.
II. The body moves along decaying twigs and leaves engulfing organic material.
III. Under suitable conditions, they form an aggregation called plasmodium.
IV. The plasmodium grows and may spread over several inches.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
40.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R) (Question 40):
Assertion (A): During unfavourable conditions, the plasmodium of slime moulds differentiates and forms fruiting bodies bearing spores at their tips.
Reason (R): These spores completely lack true cell walls but are highly resistant and survive for many years.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Assertion (A): During unfavourable conditions, the plasmodium of slime moulds differentiates and forms fruiting bodies bearing spores at their tips.
Reason (R): These spores completely lack true cell walls but are highly resistant and survive for many years.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
41.Consider the following statements regarding Protozoans (Question 41):
I. All protozoans are heterotrophs and live as predators or parasites.
II. They are believed to be primitive relatives of animals.
III. They are grouped into four major groups based on their nuclear structure.
IV. The four major groups of protozoans are amoeboid, flagellated, ciliated, and sporozoans.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
I. All protozoans are heterotrophs and live as predators or parasites.
II. They are believed to be primitive relatives of animals.
III. They are grouped into four major groups based on their nuclear structure.
IV. The four major groups of protozoans are amoeboid, flagellated, ciliated, and sporozoans.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
42.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R) (Question 42):
Assertion (A): Marine forms of amoeboid protozoans possess silica shells on their outer surface.
Reason (R): Some amoeboid protozoans, such as Entamoeba, are parasites that cause diseases in humans.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Assertion (A): Marine forms of amoeboid protozoans possess silica shells on their outer surface.
Reason (R): Some amoeboid protozoans, such as Entamoeba, are parasites that cause diseases in humans.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
43.Consider the following statements regarding Flagellated Protozoans (Question 43):
I. The members of this group are either free-living or parasitic.
II. They have flagella, as their name implies.
III. The parasitic forms cause diseases such as sleeping sickness.
IV. A classic example of a flagellated protozoan that causes sleeping sickness is Plasmodium.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
I. The members of this group are either free-living or parasitic.
II. They have flagella, as their name implies.
III. The parasitic forms cause diseases such as sleeping sickness.
IV. A classic example of a flagellated protozoan that causes sleeping sickness is Plasmodium.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
44.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R) (Question 44):
Assertion (A): Ciliated protozoans are aquatic, actively moving organisms because of the presence of thousands of cilia.
Reason (R): They have a cavity (gullet) that opens to the outside of the cell surface, and coordinated movement of rows of cilia causes the water laden with food to be steered into the gullet.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Assertion (A): Ciliated protozoans are aquatic, actively moving organisms because of the presence of thousands of cilia.
Reason (R): They have a cavity (gullet) that opens to the outside of the cell surface, and coordinated movement of rows of cilia causes the water laden with food to be steered into the gullet.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
45.Consider the following statements regarding Sporozoans (Question 45):
I. This group includes diverse organisms that have an infectious spore-like stage in their life cycle.
II. Sporozoans possess highly developed flagella in their adult phase to actively seek hosts.
III. The most notorious sporozoan is Plasmodium (malaria parasite) which causes malaria.
IV. Malaria is a disease which has a staggering effect on the human population.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
I. This group includes diverse organisms that have an infectious spore-like stage in their life cycle.
II. Sporozoans possess highly developed flagella in their adult phase to actively seek hosts.
III. The most notorious sporozoan is Plasmodium (malaria parasite) which causes malaria.
IV. Malaria is a disease which has a staggering effect on the human population.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
46.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R) (Question 46):
Assertion (A): Slime mould spores are extremely resistant and can survive for many years even under highly adverse conditions.
Reason (R): These spores are dispersed passively by water currents, ensuring their deep ocean survival.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Assertion (A): Slime mould spores are extremely resistant and can survive for many years even under highly adverse conditions.
Reason (R): These spores are dispersed passively by water currents, ensuring their deep ocean survival.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
47.Consider the following statements regarding Golden Algae (Question 47):
I. Golden algae are also referred to as desmids.
II. They belong to the group Chrysophytes.
III. They are found solely in marine environments and are completely absent in fresh water.
IV. Like diatoms, most golden algae are photosynthetic.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
I. Golden algae are also referred to as desmids.
II. They belong to the group Chrysophytes.
III. They are found solely in marine environments and are completely absent in fresh water.
IV. Like diatoms, most golden algae are photosynthetic.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
48.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R) (Question 48):
Assertion (A): The pigments of euglenoids are identical to those present in higher plants.
Reason (R): Euglenoids are photosynthetic in the presence of sunlight, but behave like heterotrophs by predating on smaller organisms in the absence of light.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Assertion (A): The pigments of euglenoids are identical to those present in higher plants.
Reason (R): Euglenoids are photosynthetic in the presence of sunlight, but behave like heterotrophs by predating on smaller organisms in the absence of light.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
49.Consider the following statements regarding the general features of Kingdom Fungi (Question 49):
I. Fungi constitute a unique kingdom of heterotrophic organisms.
II. They show a great diversity in morphology and habitat.
III. With the exception of yeasts which are multicellular, fungi are filamentous.
IV. They are cosmopolitan and occur in air, water, soil, and on animals and plants.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
I. Fungi constitute a unique kingdom of heterotrophic organisms.
II. They show a great diversity in morphology and habitat.
III. With the exception of yeasts which are multicellular, fungi are filamentous.
IV. They are cosmopolitan and occur in air, water, soil, and on animals and plants.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
50.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R) (Question 50):
Assertion (A): Some hyphae of fungi are continuous tubes filled with multinucleated cytoplasm, which are called coenocytic hyphae.
Reason (R): These continuous tubes are formed due to the presence of cross-walls or septae that isolate multiple haploid nuclei.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Assertion (A): Some hyphae of fungi are continuous tubes filled with multinucleated cytoplasm, which are called coenocytic hyphae.
Reason (R): These continuous tubes are formed due to the presence of cross-walls or septae that isolate multiple haploid nuclei.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
51.Consider the following statements regarding the cell walls and nutrition of Fungi (Question 51):
I. The cell walls of fungi are composed of chitin and cellulosic polymers.
II. Most fungi are heterotrophic and absorb soluble organic matter from dead substrates and hence are called saprophytes.
III. Those that depend on living plants and animals are called parasites.
IV. They can also live as symbionts in association with algae as lichens and with roots of higher plants as mycorrhiza.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
I. The cell walls of fungi are composed of chitin and cellulosic polymers.
II. Most fungi are heterotrophic and absorb soluble organic matter from dead substrates and hence are called saprophytes.
III. Those that depend on living plants and animals are called parasites.
IV. They can also live as symbionts in association with algae as lichens and with roots of higher plants as mycorrhiza.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
52.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R) (Question 52):
Assertion (A): Fungi show symbiotic associations with both autotrophic algae and the roots of higher plants.
Reason (R): Associations of fungi with algae are called mycorrhiza, while associations with higher plant roots are called lichens.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Assertion (A): Fungi show symbiotic associations with both autotrophic algae and the roots of higher plants.
Reason (R): Associations of fungi with algae are called mycorrhiza, while associations with higher plant roots are called lichens.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
53.Consider the following statements regarding the methods of reproduction in Fungi (Question 53):
I. Vegetative reproduction in Fungi takes place by fragmentation, fission, and budding.
II. Asexual reproduction is by spores called conidia or sporangiospores or zoospores.
III. Sexual reproduction is by oospores, ascospores, and basidiospores.
IV. The various spores are produced in distinct structures called fruiting bodies.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
I. Vegetative reproduction in Fungi takes place by fragmentation, fission, and budding.
II. Asexual reproduction is by spores called conidia or sporangiospores or zoospores.
III. Sexual reproduction is by oospores, ascospores, and basidiospores.
IV. The various spores are produced in distinct structures called fruiting bodies.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
54.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R) (Question 54):
Assertion (A): The sexual reproduction cycle in Fungi involves the chronological sequence of: Plasmogamy, followed by Karyogamy, followed by Meiosis.
Reason (R): Fusion of two nuclei occurs first (Plasmogamy), followed by the fusion of protoplasms between two motile or non-motile gametes (Karyogamy), leading to meiotic reduction division.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Assertion (A): The sexual reproduction cycle in Fungi involves the chronological sequence of: Plasmogamy, followed by Karyogamy, followed by Meiosis.
Reason (R): Fusion of two nuclei occurs first (Plasmogamy), followed by the fusion of protoplasms between two motile or non-motile gametes (Karyogamy), leading to meiotic reduction division.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
55.Consider the following statements regarding the dikaryotic stage in fungal sexual reproduction (Question 55):
I. In all fungi, the fusion of two haploid cells immediately results in diploid cells (2n).
II. In Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes, an intervening dikaryotic stage (n+n, i.e., two nuclei per cell) occurs.
III. Such a condition is called a dikaryon, and the phase is called dikaryophase of fungus.
IV. Later, the parental nuclei fuse and the cells become diploid.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
I. In all fungi, the fusion of two haploid cells immediately results in diploid cells (2n).
II. In Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes, an intervening dikaryotic stage (n+n, i.e., two nuclei per cell) occurs.
III. Such a condition is called a dikaryon, and the phase is called dikaryophase of fungus.
IV. Later, the parental nuclei fuse and the cells become diploid.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
56.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R) (Question 56):
Assertion (A): Kingdom Fungi is divided into various classes: Phycomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes, and Deuteromycetes.
Reason (R): The division is based on the morphology of the mycelium, mode of spore formation, and fruiting bodies.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Assertion (A): Kingdom Fungi is divided into various classes: Phycomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes, and Deuteromycetes.
Reason (R): The division is based on the morphology of the mycelium, mode of spore formation, and fruiting bodies.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
57.Consider the following statements regarding the habitats and structures of Phycomycetes (Question 57):
I. Members of Phycomycetes are found in aquatic habitats and on decaying wood in moist and damp places.
II. They can also live as obligate parasites on plants.
III. The mycelium is septate and branched.
IV. Asexual reproduction is by motile zoospores or by non-motile aplanospores.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
I. Members of Phycomycetes are found in aquatic habitats and on decaying wood in moist and damp places.
II. They can also live as obligate parasites on plants.
III. The mycelium is septate and branched.
IV. Asexual reproduction is by motile zoospores or by non-motile aplanospores.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
58.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R) (Question 58):
Assertion (A): In Phycomycetes, asexual sporangiospores are produced exogenously on specialized structures called conidiophores.
Reason (R): These spores are formed inside the sporangium under highly anaerobic, moist environments.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Assertion (A): In Phycomycetes, asexual sporangiospores are produced exogenously on specialized structures called conidiophores.
Reason (R): These spores are formed inside the sporangium under highly anaerobic, moist environments.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
59.Consider the following statements regarding sexual reproduction and examples of Phycomycetes (Question 59):
I. A zygospore is formed by fusion of two gametes.
II. These gametes are always structurally identical (isogamous) and can never be anisogamous or oogamous.
III. Examples of Phycomycetes include Mucor, Rhizopus (the bread mould), and Albugo.
IV. Albugo is the parasitic fungi on mustard.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
I. A zygospore is formed by fusion of two gametes.
II. These gametes are always structurally identical (isogamous) and can never be anisogamous or oogamous.
III. Examples of Phycomycetes include Mucor, Rhizopus (the bread mould), and Albugo.
IV. Albugo is the parasitic fungi on mustard.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
60.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R) (Question 60):
Assertion (A): Albugo is a member of Phycomycetes that acts as an obligate parasite.
Reason (R): Albugo is famously responsible for causing a parasitic disease on potato crops known as late blight.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Assertion (A): Albugo is a member of Phycomycetes that acts as an obligate parasite.
Reason (R): Albugo is famously responsible for causing a parasitic disease on potato crops known as late blight.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
61.Consider the following statements regarding Ascomycetes (Question 61):
I. Ascomycetes are commonly known as sac-fungi.
II. They are mostly multicellular, e.g., Penicillium, or rarely unicellular, e.g., yeast (Saccharomyces).
III. They are saprophytic, decomposers, parasitic, or coprophilous (growing on dung).
IV. The mycelium of Ascomycetes is aseptate and coenocytic.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
I. Ascomycetes are commonly known as sac-fungi.
II. They are mostly multicellular, e.g., Penicillium, or rarely unicellular, e.g., yeast (Saccharomyces).
III. They are saprophytic, decomposers, parasitic, or coprophilous (growing on dung).
IV. The mycelium of Ascomycetes is aseptate and coenocytic.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
62.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R) (Question 62):
Assertion (A): In Ascomycetes, asexual spores are conidia produced exogenously on the special mycelium called conidiophores.
Reason (R): Conidia, upon germination, produce the new diploid mycelium of the sac-fungi.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Assertion (A): In Ascomycetes, asexual spores are conidia produced exogenously on the special mycelium called conidiophores.
Reason (R): Conidia, upon germination, produce the new diploid mycelium of the sac-fungi.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
63.Consider the following statements regarding the sexual reproduction of Ascomycetes (Question 63):
I. Sexual spores are called ascospores.
II. Ascospores are produced exogenously in sac-like structures called asci.
III. The asci are arranged in different types of fruiting bodies called ascocarps.
IV. Asci are structurally distinct sac-like structures.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
I. Sexual spores are called ascospores.
II. Ascospores are produced exogenously in sac-like structures called asci.
III. The asci are arranged in different types of fruiting bodies called ascocarps.
IV. Asci are structurally distinct sac-like structures.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
64.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R) (Question 64):
Assertion (A): Neurospora is extensively used in biochemical and genetic work.
Reason (R): Morels and truffles, which also belong to Ascomycetes, are toxic poisonous mushrooms that must be avoided in human diets.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Assertion (A): Neurospora is extensively used in biochemical and genetic work.
Reason (R): Morels and truffles, which also belong to Ascomycetes, are toxic poisonous mushrooms that must be avoided in human diets.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
65.Consider the following statements regarding Basidiomycetes (Question 65):
I. Commonly known forms of Basidiomycetes are mushrooms, bracket fungi, or puffballs.
II. They grow in soil, on logs, and tree stumps, and in living plant bodies as parasites (e.g., rusts and smuts).
III. The mycelium is branched and septate.
IV. The mycelium is coenocytic and contains numerous flagellated spores in the soil phase.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
I. Commonly known forms of Basidiomycetes are mushrooms, bracket fungi, or puffballs.
II. They grow in soil, on logs, and tree stumps, and in living plant bodies as parasites (e.g., rusts and smuts).
III. The mycelium is branched and septate.
IV. The mycelium is coenocytic and contains numerous flagellated spores in the soil phase.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
66.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R) (Question 66):
Assertion (A): In Basidiomycetes, asexual spores are generally not found, but vegetative reproduction by fragmentation is common.
Reason (R): The sex organs are completely absent, and plasmogamy is instead brought about by fusion of two somatic or vegetative cells of different strains or genotypes.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Assertion (A): In Basidiomycetes, asexual spores are generally not found, but vegetative reproduction by fragmentation is common.
Reason (R): The sex organs are completely absent, and plasmogamy is instead brought about by fusion of two somatic or vegetative cells of different strains or genotypes.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
67.Consider the following statements regarding the sexual cycle of Basidiomycetes (Question 67):
I. Plasmogamy of vegetative cells immediately results in a dikaryotic structure which ultimately gives rise to basidium.
II. Karyogamy and meiosis take place inside the basidium, producing four basidiospores.
III. The basidiospores are exogenously produced on the basidium.
IV. The basidiospores are endogenously produced inside the basidium, fitting together like a soap box.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
I. Plasmogamy of vegetative cells immediately results in a dikaryotic structure which ultimately gives rise to basidium.
II. Karyogamy and meiosis take place inside the basidium, producing four basidiospores.
III. The basidiospores are exogenously produced on the basidium.
IV. The basidiospores are endogenously produced inside the basidium, fitting together like a soap box.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
68.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R) (Question 68):
Assertion (A): Agaricus, Ustilago, and Puccinia are well-known examples of Basidiomycetes.
Reason (R): Ustilago is famously known as the rust fungus, while Puccinia is commonly known as smut.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Assertion (A): Agaricus, Ustilago, and Puccinia are well-known examples of Basidiomycetes.
Reason (R): Ustilago is famously known as the rust fungus, while Puccinia is commonly known as smut.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
69.Consider the following statements regarding Deuteromycetes (Question 69):
I. Deuteromycetes are commonly known as imperfect fungi.
II. They are imperfect because only their asexual or vegetative phases are known.
III. When the sexual stages of these fungi were discovered, they were often moved to classes they rightly belong to (usually Ascomycetes or Basidiomycetes).
IV. Only their sexual phase is highly developed and known, which makes them imperfect.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
I. Deuteromycetes are commonly known as imperfect fungi.
II. They are imperfect because only their asexual or vegetative phases are known.
III. When the sexual stages of these fungi were discovered, they were often moved to classes they rightly belong to (usually Ascomycetes or Basidiomycetes).
IV. Only their sexual phase is highly developed and known, which makes them imperfect.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
70.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R) (Question 70):
Assertion (A): Once perfect sexual stages of members of Deuteromycetes were discovered, they were often moved to Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes.
Reason (R): The asexual and vegetative stages of these fungi are linked to the same mycelial structures that produce sexual ascospores and basidiospores.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Assertion (A): Once perfect sexual stages of members of Deuteromycetes were discovered, they were often moved to Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes.
Reason (R): The asexual and vegetative stages of these fungi are linked to the same mycelial structures that produce sexual ascospores and basidiospores.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
71.Consider the following statements regarding the reproduction and structure of Deuteromycetes (Question 71):
I. The Deuteromycetes reproduce only by asexual spores known as conidia.
II. The mycelium is aseptate and coenocytic.
III. The mycelium is branched and septate.
IV. Some members are saprophytes or parasites while a large number of them are decomposers of litter.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
I. The Deuteromycetes reproduce only by asexual spores known as conidia.
II. The mycelium is aseptate and coenocytic.
III. The mycelium is branched and septate.
IV. Some members are saprophytes or parasites while a large number of them are decomposers of litter.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
72.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R) (Question 72):
Assertion (A): Alternaria, Colletotrichum, and Trichoderma are well-known examples of Deuteromycetes.
Reason (R): These organisms play a great role in the recycling of nutrients in terrestrial ecosystems.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Assertion (A): Alternaria, Colletotrichum, and Trichoderma are well-known examples of Deuteromycetes.
Reason (R): These organisms play a great role in the recycling of nutrients in terrestrial ecosystems.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
73.Consider the following statements regarding Kingdom Plantae (Question 73):
I. Kingdom Plantae includes all eukaryotic chlorophyll-containing organisms with cellulosic cell walls.
II. A few members are partially heterotrophic such as insectivorous plants or parasites.
III. Bladderwort and Venus flytrap are examples of parasitic plants, while Cuscuta is an insectivorous plant.
IV. The plant life cycle has two distinct phases: diploid sporophytic and haploid gametophytic.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
I. Kingdom Plantae includes all eukaryotic chlorophyll-containing organisms with cellulosic cell walls.
II. A few members are partially heterotrophic such as insectivorous plants or parasites.
III. Bladderwort and Venus flytrap are examples of parasitic plants, while Cuscuta is an insectivorous plant.
IV. The plant life cycle has two distinct phases: diploid sporophytic and haploid gametophytic.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
74.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R) (Question 74):
Assertion (A): Life cycle of plants exhibits a phenomenon called alternation of generations.
Reason (R): The diploid sporophytic and haploid gametophytic phases alternate with each other, though the lengths of these phases and their independence varies among different plant groups.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Assertion (A): Life cycle of plants exhibits a phenomenon called alternation of generations.
Reason (R): The diploid sporophytic and haploid gametophytic phases alternate with each other, though the lengths of these phases and their independence varies among different plant groups.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
75.Consider the following statements regarding Kingdom Animalia (Question 75):
I. Kingdom Animalia is characterised by heterotrophic eukaryotic multicellular organisms.
II. They completely lack cell walls in their cells.
III. They digest their food in an internal cavity and store food reserves as starch or fat.
IV. Their mode of nutrition is holozoic – by ingestion of food.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
I. Kingdom Animalia is characterised by heterotrophic eukaryotic multicellular organisms.
II. They completely lack cell walls in their cells.
III. They digest their food in an internal cavity and store food reserves as starch or fat.
IV. Their mode of nutrition is holozoic – by ingestion of food.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
76.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R) (Question 76):
Assertion (A): Most members of Kingdom Animalia follow a definite growth pattern and grow into adults that have a definite shape and size.
Reason (R): They show sensory and neuromotor mechanisms, and reproduce sexually by copulation followed by embryological development.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Assertion (A): Most members of Kingdom Animalia follow a definite growth pattern and grow into adults that have a definite shape and size.
Reason (R): They show sensory and neuromotor mechanisms, and reproduce sexually by copulation followed by embryological development.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
77.Consider the following statements regarding the organisms excluded from Whittaker's classification (Question 77):
I. In the Five Kingdom Classification, there is no mention of some acellular organisms like viruses, viroids, and prions.
II. Lichens, which are symbiotic associations, are also excluded from the Five Kingdom Classification.
III. Viruses did not find a place in classification because they are considered truly 'living' cellular entities.
IV. If we understand living as those organisms that have a cell structure, then viruses are not truly living.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
I. In the Five Kingdom Classification, there is no mention of some acellular organisms like viruses, viroids, and prions.
II. Lichens, which are symbiotic associations, are also excluded from the Five Kingdom Classification.
III. Viruses did not find a place in classification because they are considered truly 'living' cellular entities.
IV. If we understand living as those organisms that have a cell structure, then viruses are not truly living.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
78.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R) (Question 78):
Assertion (A): Viruses are inert crystalline structures outside their specific host cell.
Reason (R): Once they infect a cell, they take over the machinery of the host cell to replicate themselves, killing the host.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Assertion (A): Viruses are inert crystalline structures outside their specific host cell.
Reason (R): Once they infect a cell, they take over the machinery of the host cell to replicate themselves, killing the host.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
79.Consider the following statements regarding the history of virus discovery (Question 79):
I. The name virus that means venom or poisonous fluid was given by Dmitri Ivanowsky (1892).
II. Dmitri Ivanowsky recognised certain microbes as the causal organism of the mosaic disease of tobacco.
III. These mosaic microbes were found to be larger than bacteria because they could not pass through bacteria-proof filters.
IV. The discovery was made in 1892.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
I. The name virus that means venom or poisonous fluid was given by Dmitri Ivanowsky (1892).
II. Dmitri Ivanowsky recognised certain microbes as the causal organism of the mosaic disease of tobacco.
III. These mosaic microbes were found to be larger than bacteria because they could not pass through bacteria-proof filters.
IV. The discovery was made in 1892.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
80.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R) (Question 80):
Assertion (A): M.W. Beijerinck (1898) demonstrated that the extract of infected tobacco plants could cause infection in healthy plants.
Reason (R): He called this infectious extract liquid as 'Contagium vivum fluidum' (infectious living fluid).
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Assertion (A): M.W. Beijerinck (1898) demonstrated that the extract of infected tobacco plants could cause infection in healthy plants.
Reason (R): He called this infectious extract liquid as 'Contagium vivum fluidum' (infectious living fluid).
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
81.Consider the following statements regarding W.M. Stanley's discovery (Question 81):
I. W.M. Stanley showed that viruses could be crystallised.
II. The crystals consist largely of proteins.
III. The discovery was made in the year 1935.
IV. Stanley demonstrated that these crystals are completely active outside the host cell without any protein boundary.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
I. W.M. Stanley showed that viruses could be crystallised.
II. The crystals consist largely of proteins.
III. The discovery was made in the year 1935.
IV. Stanley demonstrated that these crystals are completely active outside the host cell without any protein boundary.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
82.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R) (Question 82):
Assertion (A): No virus contains both RNA and DNA in its genetic core.
Reason (R): A virus is a nucleoprotein and the genetic material is infectious, consisting of either RNA or DNA.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Assertion (A): No virus contains both RNA and DNA in its genetic core.
Reason (R): A virus is a nucleoprotein and the genetic material is infectious, consisting of either RNA or DNA.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
83.Consider the following statements regarding the genetic material in different viruses (Question 83):
I. In general, viruses that infect plants have single-stranded RNA.
II. Viruses that infect animals have either single or double-stranded RNA or double-stranded DNA.
III. Bacterial viruses or bacteriophages are usually double-stranded DNA viruses.
IV. Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria and consist of a single-stranded DNA core.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
I. In general, viruses that infect plants have single-stranded RNA.
II. Viruses that infect animals have either single or double-stranded RNA or double-stranded DNA.
III. Bacterial viruses or bacteriophages are usually double-stranded DNA viruses.
IV. Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria and consist of a single-stranded DNA core.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
84.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R) (Question 84):
Assertion (A): The protein coat of a virus is called capsid, which is made of small subunits called capsomeres that protect the nucleic acid.
Reason (R): These capsomeres are arranged in helical or polyhedral geometric forms.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Assertion (A): The protein coat of a virus is called capsid, which is made of small subunits called capsomeres that protect the nucleic acid.
Reason (R): These capsomeres are arranged in helical or polyhedral geometric forms.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
85.Consider the following list of symptoms in plants (Question 85):
I. Mosaic formation and leaf rolling/curling
II. Yellowing and vein clearing
III. Dwarfing and stunted growth
IV. Curd and antibiotic secretion
Which of the options correctly lists the symptoms of viral diseases in plants according to the NCERT text?
I. Mosaic formation and leaf rolling/curling
II. Yellowing and vein clearing
III. Dwarfing and stunted growth
IV. Curd and antibiotic secretion
Which of the options correctly lists the symptoms of viral diseases in plants according to the NCERT text?
86.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R) (Question 86):
Assertion (A): Mumps, smallpox, herpes, and influenza are viral diseases that affect human beings.
Reason (R): AIDS in humans is also caused by a virus, namely HIV.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Assertion (A): Mumps, smallpox, herpes, and influenza are viral diseases that affect human beings.
Reason (R): AIDS in humans is also caused by a virus, namely HIV.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
87.Consider the following statements regarding the discovery and properties of Viroids (Question 87):
I. In 1971, T.O. Diener discovered a new infectious agent that was smaller than viruses.
II. It caused potato spindle tuber disease.
III. It was found to be a free DNA molecule, lacking the protein coat found in viruses.
IV. The RNA of the viroid was of low molecular weight.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
I. In 1971, T.O. Diener discovered a new infectious agent that was smaller than viruses.
II. It caused potato spindle tuber disease.
III. It was found to be a free DNA molecule, lacking the protein coat found in viruses.
IV. The RNA of the viroid was of low molecular weight.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
88.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R) (Question 88):
Assertion (A): The infectious agent discovered by T.O. Diener was named 'viroid'.
Reason (R): This agent completely lacked the protein coat that is typically found in viruses.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Assertion (A): The infectious agent discovered by T.O. Diener was named 'viroid'.
Reason (R): This agent completely lacked the protein coat that is typically found in viruses.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
89.Consider the following statements regarding Prions (Question 89):
I. In modern medicine, certain infectious neurological diseases were found to be transmitted by an agent consisting of abnormally folded protein.
II. The agent was similar in size to viruses.
III. These agents, called prions, contain a highly infectious single-stranded DNA core inside their folded protein capsule.
IV. The most notable diseases caused by prions are Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) in cattle and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in humans.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
I. In modern medicine, certain infectious neurological diseases were found to be transmitted by an agent consisting of abnormally folded protein.
II. The agent was similar in size to viruses.
III. These agents, called prions, contain a highly infectious single-stranded DNA core inside their folded protein capsule.
IV. The most notable diseases caused by prions are Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) in cattle and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in humans.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
90.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R) (Question 90):
Assertion (A): Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE), commonly called mad cow disease, is a major prion disease in cattle.
Reason (R): Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in humans is an analogous variant of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE).
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Assertion (A): Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE), commonly called mad cow disease, is a major prion disease in cattle.
Reason (R): Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in humans is an analogous variant of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE).
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
91.Consider the following statements regarding Lichens (Question 91):
I. Lichens are symbiotic associations - mutually useful associations - between algae and fungi.
II. The algal component is known as phycobiont and the fungal component as mycobiont.
III. The phycobiont is heterotrophic and the mycobiont is autotrophic, respectively.
IV. Algae prepare food for fungi, and fungi provide shelter and absorb mineral nutrients and water for its partner.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
I. Lichens are symbiotic associations - mutually useful associations - between algae and fungi.
II. The algal component is known as phycobiont and the fungal component as mycobiont.
III. The phycobiont is heterotrophic and the mycobiont is autotrophic, respectively.
IV. Algae prepare food for fungi, and fungi provide shelter and absorb mineral nutrients and water for its partner.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
92.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R) (Question 92):
Assertion (A): If one saw a lichen in nature, one would never imagine that they had two different organisms within them.
Reason (R): Algae prepare food for fungi, while fungi provide shelter and absorb mineral nutrients and water for algae.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Assertion (A): If one saw a lichen in nature, one would never imagine that they had two different organisms within them.
Reason (R): Algae prepare food for fungi, while fungi provide shelter and absorb mineral nutrients and water for algae.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
93.Consider the following statements regarding the ecological role of Lichens (Question 93):
I. Lichens are very good pollution indicators.
II. They do not grow in polluted areas.
III. They thrive and grow extensively in highly industrialised and polluted cities because they use pollutants as nutrients.
IV. Lichens are symbiotic associations that are highly sensitive to air pollution.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
I. Lichens are very good pollution indicators.
II. They do not grow in polluted areas.
III. They thrive and grow extensively in highly industrialised and polluted cities because they use pollutants as nutrients.
IV. Lichens are symbiotic associations that are highly sensitive to air pollution.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
94.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R) (Question 94):
Assertion (A): Viruses are non-cellular organisms that are characterized by having an inert crystalline structure outside the living cell.
Reason (R): They do not find a place in Whittaker's classification system because they are not considered truly 'living' if we understand living as those organisms that have a cell structure.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Assertion (A): Viruses are non-cellular organisms that are characterized by having an inert crystalline structure outside the living cell.
Reason (R): They do not find a place in Whittaker's classification system because they are not considered truly 'living' if we understand living as those organisms that have a cell structure.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
95.Consider the following statements regarding Potato Spindle Tuber Disease (Question 95):
I. Potato spindle tuber disease is caused by an infectious agent discovered by T.O. Diener.
II. The causal agent is a viroid, which is smaller than a virus.
III. The disease is caused by abnormally folded proteins called prions.
IV. The causal agent is a free, low molecular weight RNA molecule lacking a capsid.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
I. Potato spindle tuber disease is caused by an infectious agent discovered by T.O. Diener.
II. The causal agent is a viroid, which is smaller than a virus.
III. The disease is caused by abnormally folded proteins called prions.
IV. The causal agent is a free, low molecular weight RNA molecule lacking a capsid.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT text?
96.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R) (Question 96):
Assertion (A): Once a virus infects a cell, it takes over the genetic and protein-synthesising machinery of the host cell.
Reason (R): The virus replicates itself within the host cell, ultimately killing the host cell in the process.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Assertion (A): Once a virus infects a cell, it takes over the genetic and protein-synthesising machinery of the host cell.
Reason (R): The virus replicates itself within the host cell, ultimately killing the host cell in the process.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Answer Key
14
21
32
41
52
62
73
83
91
103
113
124
134
141
152
162
173
184
192
201
213
221
231
243
252
263
273
282
292
304
314
321
331
341
354
363
371
382
394
402
413
423
433
444
452
463
473
482
494
501
511
521
533
543
554
564
572
584
593
604
612
622
632
641
654
661
674
684
693
701
714
723
733
741
754
764
771
784
794
804
812
822
834
844
852
861
872
883
892
901
911
921
934
941
952
964