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NEET ]1[ Contd...
NEET UG Biology Principles Inheritance
Instructions:
- Each question has four options (1), (2), (3), (4). Choose the most correct answer.
- Each correct answer carries 4 marks.
- Each wrong answer will deduct 1 marks.
- Unanswered questions will not be penalised.
1.Given below are two statements: Assertion A and Reason R.
Assertion A: Unit VII is Genetics and Evolution and includes Principles of Inheritance and Variation, Molecular Basis of Inheritance and Evolution.
Reason R: The work of Mendel and later workers gave an idea of inheritance patterns, but the nature of the factors determining phenotype was initially unclear.
Choose the correct answer.
Assertion A: Unit VII is Genetics and Evolution and includes Principles of Inheritance and Variation, Molecular Basis of Inheritance and Evolution.
Reason R: The work of Mendel and later workers gave an idea of inheritance patterns, but the nature of the factors determining phenotype was initially unclear.
Choose the correct answer.
2.Identify the correct statements regarding Molecular basis context:
A. Understanding the structure of genetic material and genotype-to-phenotype conversion became a central focus of biology.
B. Molecular biology developed with contributions from Watson, Crick, Nirenberg, Khorana, the Kornbergs, Benzer, Monod and Brenner.
C. According to the PDF, Understanding the structure of genetic material and genotype-to-phenotype conversion became a central focus of biology. is unrelated to inheritance.
D. According to the PDF, Understanding the structure of genetic material and genotype-to-phenotype conversion became a central focus of biology. is unrelated to inheritance.
A. Understanding the structure of genetic material and genotype-to-phenotype conversion became a central focus of biology.
B. Molecular biology developed with contributions from Watson, Crick, Nirenberg, Khorana, the Kornbergs, Benzer, Monod and Brenner.
C. According to the PDF, Understanding the structure of genetic material and genotype-to-phenotype conversion became a central focus of biology. is unrelated to inheritance.
D. According to the PDF, Understanding the structure of genetic material and genotype-to-phenotype conversion became a central focus of biology. is unrelated to inheritance.
3.Identify the correct statements regarding Scientists:
A. Molecular biology developed with contributions from Watson, Crick, Nirenberg, Khorana, the Kornbergs, Benzer, Monod and Brenner.
B. Watson and Crick proposed the complementary double-helical configuration of DNA in 1953 and received the Nobel Prize in 1962.
C. According to the PDF, Molecular biology developed with contributions from Watson, Crick, Nirenberg, Khorana, the Kornbergs, Benzer, Monod and is unrelated to inheritance.
D. According to the PDF, Watson and Crick proposed the complementary double-helical configuration of DNA in 1953 and received the Nobel Prize in is unrelated to inheritance.
A. Molecular biology developed with contributions from Watson, Crick, Nirenberg, Khorana, the Kornbergs, Benzer, Monod and Brenner.
B. Watson and Crick proposed the complementary double-helical configuration of DNA in 1953 and received the Nobel Prize in 1962.
C. According to the PDF, Molecular biology developed with contributions from Watson, Crick, Nirenberg, Khorana, the Kornbergs, Benzer, Monod and is unrelated to inheritance.
D. According to the PDF, Watson and Crick proposed the complementary double-helical configuration of DNA in 1953 and received the Nobel Prize in is unrelated to inheritance.
4.Which option correctly states the NCERT/PDF point(s) about Definition of genetics?
5.Which option correctly states the NCERT/PDF point(s) about Variation?
6.Which option correctly states the NCERT/PDF point(s) about Early knowledge?
7.Select the option with correct statements only for Example:
A. Sahiwal cows in Punjab are given as an example of Indian breeds obtained through artificial selection/domestication from ancestral wild cows.
B. Ancestors knew about inheritance and variation but had little idea about the scientific basis of these phenomena.
C. Humans knew from 8000-1000 B.C. that one cause of variation was hidden in sexual reproduction.
D. Sahiwal cows in Punjab are not given as an example of Indian breeds obtained through artificial selection/domestication from ancestral wild cows.
E. Ancestors knew about inheritance and variation but had little idea about the scientific basis of these phenomena.
A. Sahiwal cows in Punjab are given as an example of Indian breeds obtained through artificial selection/domestication from ancestral wild cows.
B. Ancestors knew about inheritance and variation but had little idea about the scientific basis of these phenomena.
C. Humans knew from 8000-1000 B.C. that one cause of variation was hidden in sexual reproduction.
D. Sahiwal cows in Punjab are not given as an example of Indian breeds obtained through artificial selection/domestication from ancestral wild cows.
E. Ancestors knew about inheritance and variation but had little idea about the scientific basis of these phenomena.
8.Which option correctly states the NCERT/PDF point(s) about Mendel's experiments?
9.Given below are two statements: Assertion A and Reason R.
Assertion A: Mendel proposed laws of inheritance in living organisms.
Reason R: Mendel's investigations first applied statistical analysis and mathematical logic to biological inheritance problems.
Choose the correct answer.
Assertion A: Mendel proposed laws of inheritance in living organisms.
Reason R: Mendel's investigations first applied statistical analysis and mathematical logic to biological inheritance problems.
Choose the correct answer.
10.Select the option with correct statements only for Methodology:
A. Mendel's experiments had large sample size, which gave credibility to his data.
B. Confirmation over successive generations showed that Mendel's results were general rules, not unsubstantiated ideas.
C. Mendel studied flower colour as violet/white.
D. Mendel's experiments had large sample size, which gave credibility to his data.
E. According to the PDF, Confirmation over successive generations showed that Mendel's results were general rules, not unsubstantiated ideas. is unrelated to inheritance.
A. Mendel's experiments had large sample size, which gave credibility to his data.
B. Confirmation over successive generations showed that Mendel's results were general rules, not unsubstantiated ideas.
C. Mendel studied flower colour as violet/white.
D. Mendel's experiments had large sample size, which gave credibility to his data.
E. According to the PDF, Confirmation over successive generations showed that Mendel's results were general rules, not unsubstantiated ideas. is unrelated to inheritance.
11.Select the option with correct statements only for Contrasting traits:
A. Mendel investigated garden pea characters expressed as two opposing traits, such as tall/dwarf and yellow/green seeds.
B. Confirmation over successive generations showed that Mendel's results were general rules, not unsubstantiated ideas.
C. Gregor Mendel conducted hybridisation experiments on garden peas for seven years, 1856-1863.
D. According to the PDF, Mendel investigated garden pea characters expressed as two opposing traits, such as tall/dwarf and yellow/green seeds. is unrelated to inheritance.
E. According to the PDF, Confirmation over successive generations showed that Mendel's results were general rules, not unsubstantiated ideas. is unrelated to inheritance.
A. Mendel investigated garden pea characters expressed as two opposing traits, such as tall/dwarf and yellow/green seeds.
B. Confirmation over successive generations showed that Mendel's results were general rules, not unsubstantiated ideas.
C. Gregor Mendel conducted hybridisation experiments on garden peas for seven years, 1856-1863.
D. According to the PDF, Mendel investigated garden pea characters expressed as two opposing traits, such as tall/dwarf and yellow/green seeds. is unrelated to inheritance.
E. According to the PDF, Confirmation over successive generations showed that Mendel's results were general rules, not unsubstantiated ideas. is unrelated to inheritance.
12.Identify the correct statements regarding True-breeding line:
A. A true-breeding line, after continuous self-pollination, shows stable trait inheritance and expression for several generations.
B. Mendel selected 14 true-breeding pea varieties as pairs similar except for one character with contrasting traits.
C. A true-breeding line, after continuous self-pollination, never shows stable trait inheritance and expression for several generations.
D. According to the PDF, Mendel selected 14 true-breeding pea varieties as pairs similar except for one character with contrasting traits. is unrelated to inheritance.
A. A true-breeding line, after continuous self-pollination, shows stable trait inheritance and expression for several generations.
B. Mendel selected 14 true-breeding pea varieties as pairs similar except for one character with contrasting traits.
C. A true-breeding line, after continuous self-pollination, never shows stable trait inheritance and expression for several generations.
D. According to the PDF, Mendel selected 14 true-breeding pea varieties as pairs similar except for one character with contrasting traits. is unrelated to inheritance.
13.Based on the relevant figure/table/process description in the PDF, which interpretation is correct for Experimental method?
14.Identify the correct statements regarding Table 4.1 pea traits:
A. Mendel studied flower colour as violet/white.
B. Mendel studied stem height as tall/dwarf.
C. According to the PDF, Mendel studied flower colour as violet/white. is unrelated to inheritance.
D. According to the PDF, Mendel studied flower colour as violet/white. is unrelated to inheritance.
A. Mendel studied flower colour as violet/white.
B. Mendel studied stem height as tall/dwarf.
C. According to the PDF, Mendel studied flower colour as violet/white. is unrelated to inheritance.
D. According to the PDF, Mendel studied flower colour as violet/white. is unrelated to inheritance.
15.Which of the following statements is incorrect with respect to Table 4.1 pea traits?
16.Which of the following statements is incorrect with respect to Table 4.1 pea traits?
17.Match List-I with List-II for Mendel’s Laws.
List-I
(a) Table 4.1 pea traits
(b) Experimental method
(c) Mendel's contribution
(d) Table 4.1 pea traits
List-II
(i) Mendel used artificial pollination/cross-pollination experiments with true-breeding pea lines.
(ii) Mendel proposed laws of inheritance in living organisms.
(iii) Mendel studied seed colour as yellow/green.
(iv) Mendel studied stem height as tall/dwarf.
List-I
(a) Table 4.1 pea traits
(b) Experimental method
(c) Mendel's contribution
(d) Table 4.1 pea traits
List-II
(i) Mendel used artificial pollination/cross-pollination experiments with true-breeding pea lines.
(ii) Mendel proposed laws of inheritance in living organisms.
(iii) Mendel studied seed colour as yellow/green.
(iv) Mendel studied stem height as tall/dwarf.
18.Select the option with correct statements only for Monohybrid cross:
A. Mendel crossed tall and dwarf pea plants to study inheritance of one gene.
B. Seeds from the tall × dwarf cross produced the first hybrid generation, called Filial1 or F1.
C. Tall and dwarf traits in F2 were parental type and showed no blending.
D. According to the PDF, Mendel crossed tall and dwarf pea plants to study inheritance of one gene. is unrelated to inheritance.
E. According to the PDF, Seeds from the tall × dwarf cross produced the first hybrid generation, called Filial1 or F1. is unrelated to inheritance.
A. Mendel crossed tall and dwarf pea plants to study inheritance of one gene.
B. Seeds from the tall × dwarf cross produced the first hybrid generation, called Filial1 or F1.
C. Tall and dwarf traits in F2 were parental type and showed no blending.
D. According to the PDF, Mendel crossed tall and dwarf pea plants to study inheritance of one gene. is unrelated to inheritance.
E. According to the PDF, Seeds from the tall × dwarf cross produced the first hybrid generation, called Filial1 or F1. is unrelated to inheritance.
19.Which option correctly states the NCERT/PDF point(s) about F1 observation?
20.Identify the correct statements regarding F2 observation:
A. On self-pollination of tall F1 plants, dwarf offspring appeared in the F2 generation.
B. In the test-cross example, violet flower colour V is dominant over white v.
C. On self-pollination of tall F1 plants, dwarf offspring appeared in the F2 generation.
D. On self-pollination of tall F1 plants, dwarf offspring appeared in the F2 generation.
A. On self-pollination of tall F1 plants, dwarf offspring appeared in the F2 generation.
B. In the test-cross example, violet flower colour V is dominant over white v.
C. On self-pollination of tall F1 plants, dwarf offspring appeared in the F2 generation.
D. On self-pollination of tall F1 plants, dwarf offspring appeared in the F2 generation.
21.Match List-I with List-II for Inheritance of One Gene.
List-I
(a) F2 ratio
(b) No blending
(c) Test cross example
(d) Punnett square
List-II
(i) In the test-cross example, violet flower colour V is dominant over white v.
(ii) Tall and dwarf traits in F2 were parental type and showed no blending.
(iii) In F2 of the monohybrid cross, one-fourth plants were dwarf and three-fourths were tall.
(iv) Possible gametes are written on two sides of a Punnett Square, usually the top row and left column.
List-I
(a) F2 ratio
(b) No blending
(c) Test cross example
(d) Punnett square
List-II
(i) In the test-cross example, violet flower colour V is dominant over white v.
(ii) Tall and dwarf traits in F2 were parental type and showed no blending.
(iii) In F2 of the monohybrid cross, one-fourth plants were dwarf and three-fourths were tall.
(iv) Possible gametes are written on two sides of a Punnett Square, usually the top row and left column.
22.Identify the correct statements regarding Monohybrid generalisation:
A. For other traits, one parental trait appeared in F1, and both traits appeared in F2 in 3:1 proportion.
B. Mendel called the stably inherited units passed through gametes 'factors'; they are now called genes.
C. For other traits, one parental trait appeared in F1, and both traits appeared in F2 in 1:2:1 proportion.
D. Mendel called the stably inherited units passed through gametes 'factors'; they are now called proteins.
A. For other traits, one parental trait appeared in F1, and both traits appeared in F2 in 3:1 proportion.
B. Mendel called the stably inherited units passed through gametes 'factors'; they are now called genes.
C. For other traits, one parental trait appeared in F1, and both traits appeared in F2 in 1:2:1 proportion.
D. Mendel called the stably inherited units passed through gametes 'factors'; they are now called proteins.
23.Which of the following statements is incorrect with respect to Genes?
24.Match List-I with List-II for Inheritance of One Gene.
List-I
(a) Alleles
(b) Genetic symbols
(c) Probability expression
(d) Monohybrid
List-II
(i) Capital letter is used for the trait expressed at F1 and small letter for the other trait.
(ii) Genes that code for a pair of contrasting traits are called alleles, slightly different forms of the same gene.
(iii) The 1/4 : 1/2 : 1/4 genotypic ratio can be expressed as (1/2T + 1/2t)^2.
(iv) A Tt plant heterozygous for one character is a monohybrid, and TT × tt is a monohybrid cross.
List-I
(a) Alleles
(b) Genetic symbols
(c) Probability expression
(d) Monohybrid
List-II
(i) Capital letter is used for the trait expressed at F1 and small letter for the other trait.
(ii) Genes that code for a pair of contrasting traits are called alleles, slightly different forms of the same gene.
(iii) The 1/4 : 1/2 : 1/4 genotypic ratio can be expressed as (1/2T + 1/2t)^2.
(iv) A Tt plant heterozygous for one character is a monohybrid, and TT × tt is a monohybrid cross.
25.Match List-I with List-II for Inheritance of One Gene.
List-I
(a) T/t example
(b) Genotypes
(c) Genotypic ratio
(d) Symbol convention
List-II
(i) Monohybrid F2 genotypic ratio is 1 TT : 2 Tt : 1 tt.
(ii) Possible allele pairs for height are TT, Tt and tt.
(iii) Use capital/lowercase of the same letter for alleles; using T and d for tall/dwarf is discouraged because they may not be remembered as alleles of the same gene.
(iv) For plant height, T denotes tall, t denotes dwarf, and T and t are alleles.
List-I
(a) T/t example
(b) Genotypes
(c) Genotypic ratio
(d) Symbol convention
List-II
(i) Monohybrid F2 genotypic ratio is 1 TT : 2 Tt : 1 tt.
(ii) Possible allele pairs for height are TT, Tt and tt.
(iii) Use capital/lowercase of the same letter for alleles; using T and d for tall/dwarf is discouraged because they may not be remembered as alleles of the same gene.
(iv) For plant height, T denotes tall, t denotes dwarf, and T and t are alleles.
26.Match List-I with List-II for Inheritance of One Gene.
List-I
(a) Homozygous
(b) Punnett square
(c) Punnett square
(d) F2 zygotes
List-II
(i) Punnett Square was developed by British geneticist Reginald C. Punnett.
(ii) Possible gametes are written on two sides of a Punnett Square, usually the top row and left column.
(iii) Random fertilisation in Tt × Tt gives TT, Tt and tt zygotes.
(iv) True-breeding tall and dwarf pea varieties have identical/homozygous allelic pairs TT and tt respectively.
List-I
(a) Homozygous
(b) Punnett square
(c) Punnett square
(d) F2 zygotes
List-II
(i) Punnett Square was developed by British geneticist Reginald C. Punnett.
(ii) Possible gametes are written on two sides of a Punnett Square, usually the top row and left column.
(iii) Random fertilisation in Tt × Tt gives TT, Tt and tt zygotes.
(iv) True-breeding tall and dwarf pea varieties have identical/homozygous allelic pairs TT and tt respectively.
27.Match List-I with List-II for Inheritance of One Gene.
List-I
(a) Genotype vs phenotype
(b) Dominance
(c) F2 ratio
(d) Punnett square
List-II
(i) The F1 heterozygote Tt has phenotype like TT parent, so one factor dominates the other.
(ii) In F2 of the monohybrid cross, one-fourth plants were dwarf and three-fourths were tall.
(iii) TT and tt are genotypes, while tall and dwarf are phenotypes.
(iv) Punnett Square was developed by British geneticist Reginald C. Punnett.
List-I
(a) Genotype vs phenotype
(b) Dominance
(c) F2 ratio
(d) Punnett square
List-II
(i) The F1 heterozygote Tt has phenotype like TT parent, so one factor dominates the other.
(ii) In F2 of the monohybrid cross, one-fourth plants were dwarf and three-fourths were tall.
(iii) TT and tt are genotypes, while tall and dwarf are phenotypes.
(iv) Punnett Square was developed by British geneticist Reginald C. Punnett.
28.Identify the correct statements regarding Dominant/recessive:
A. T for tallness is dominant over t for dwarfness, which is recessive.
B. On self-pollination of tall F1 plants, dwarf offspring appeared in the F2 generation.
C. T for tallness is recessive over t for dwarfness, which is recessive.
D. T for tallness is recessive over t for dwarfness, which is recessive.
A. T for tallness is dominant over t for dwarfness, which is recessive.
B. On self-pollination of tall F1 plants, dwarf offspring appeared in the F2 generation.
C. T for tallness is recessive over t for dwarfness, which is recessive.
D. T for tallness is recessive over t for dwarfness, which is recessive.
29.Match List-I with List-II for Inheritance of One Gene.
List-I
(a) Symbol convention
(b) Homozygous vs heterozygous
(c) Genotype vs phenotype
(d) Probability expression
List-II
(i) Use capital/lowercase of the same letter for alleles; using T and d for tall/dwarf is discouraged because they may not be remembered as alleles of the same gene.
(ii) Alleles can be similar in homozygotes TT and tt, or dissimilar in heterozygote Tt.
(iii) TT and tt are genotypes, while tall and dwarf are phenotypes.
(iv) The 1/4 : 1/2 : 1/4 genotypic ratio can be expressed as (1/2T + 1/2t)^2.
List-I
(a) Symbol convention
(b) Homozygous vs heterozygous
(c) Genotype vs phenotype
(d) Probability expression
List-II
(i) Use capital/lowercase of the same letter for alleles; using T and d for tall/dwarf is discouraged because they may not be remembered as alleles of the same gene.
(ii) Alleles can be similar in homozygotes TT and tt, or dissimilar in heterozygote Tt.
(iii) TT and tt are genotypes, while tall and dwarf are phenotypes.
(iv) The 1/4 : 1/2 : 1/4 genotypic ratio can be expressed as (1/2T + 1/2t)^2.
30.Match List-I with List-II for Inheritance of One Gene.
List-I
(a) Monohybrid
(b) Segregation
(c) Homozygous vs heterozygous
(d) F2 zygotes
List-II
(i) The recessive parental trait reappears without blending in F2 because alleles separate/segregate during gamete formation.
(ii) A Tt plant heterozygous for one character is a monohybrid, and TT × tt is a monohybrid cross.
(iii) Random fertilisation in Tt × Tt gives TT, Tt and tt zygotes.
(iv) Alleles can be similar in homozygotes TT and tt, or dissimilar in heterozygote Tt.
List-I
(a) Monohybrid
(b) Segregation
(c) Homozygous vs heterozygous
(d) F2 zygotes
List-II
(i) The recessive parental trait reappears without blending in F2 because alleles separate/segregate during gamete formation.
(ii) A Tt plant heterozygous for one character is a monohybrid, and TT × tt is a monohybrid cross.
(iii) Random fertilisation in Tt × Tt gives TT, Tt and tt zygotes.
(iv) Alleles can be similar in homozygotes TT and tt, or dissimilar in heterozygote Tt.
31.Based on the relevant figure/table/process description in the PDF, which interpretation is correct for Segregation probability?
32.Identify the correct statements regarding Gamete genotype:
A. Gametes of TT tall plants carry T; gametes of tt dwarf plants carry t.
B. Fertilisation unites T from one parent and t from the other to form Tt hybrids.
C. According to the PDF, Gametes of TT tall plants carry T; gametes of tt dwarf plants carry t. is unrelated to inheritance.
D. Fertilisation unites T from one parent and t from the other to form Tt hybrids.
A. Gametes of TT tall plants carry T; gametes of tt dwarf plants carry t.
B. Fertilisation unites T from one parent and t from the other to form Tt hybrids.
C. According to the PDF, Gametes of TT tall plants carry T; gametes of tt dwarf plants carry t. is unrelated to inheritance.
D. Fertilisation unites T from one parent and t from the other to form Tt hybrids.
33.Identify the correct statements regarding Punnett square:
A. Punnett Square was developed by British geneticist Reginald C. Punnett.
B. Punnett Square graphically calculates the probability of all possible genotypes in a genetic cross.
C. Morgan Square was developed by British geneticist Reginald C. Punnett.
D. Morgan Square graphically calculates the probability of all possible genotypes in a genetic cross.
A. Punnett Square was developed by British geneticist Reginald C. Punnett.
B. Punnett Square graphically calculates the probability of all possible genotypes in a genetic cross.
C. Morgan Square was developed by British geneticist Reginald C. Punnett.
D. Morgan Square graphically calculates the probability of all possible genotypes in a genetic cross.
34.Based on the relevant figure/table/process description in the PDF, which interpretation is correct for Punnett square?
35.Identify the correct statements regarding Selfing:
A. In Tt selfing, F1 plants produce T and t gametes in equal proportion.
B. Random fertilisation in Tt × Tt gives TT, Tt and tt zygotes.
C. According to the PDF, In Tt selfing, F1 plants produce T and t gametes in equal proportion. is unrelated to inheritance.
D. Random fertilisation in Tt × Tt gives TT, Tt and tt zygotes.
A. In Tt selfing, F1 plants produce T and t gametes in equal proportion.
B. Random fertilisation in Tt × Tt gives TT, Tt and tt zygotes.
C. According to the PDF, In Tt selfing, F1 plants produce T and t gametes in equal proportion. is unrelated to inheritance.
D. Random fertilisation in Tt × Tt gives TT, Tt and tt zygotes.
36.Which of the following statements is incorrect with respect to Genotypic ratio?
37.Identify the correct statements regarding Dominant phenotype:
A. Externally, TT and Tt tall plants cannot be distinguished by phenotype.
B. For other traits, one parental trait appeared in F1, and both traits appeared in F2 in 3:1 proportion.
C. Externally, TT and Tt tall plants cannot be distinguished by phenotype.
D. Externally, TT and Tt tall plants cannot be distinguished by phenotype.
A. Externally, TT and Tt tall plants cannot be distinguished by phenotype.
B. For other traits, one parental trait appeared in F1, and both traits appeared in F2 in 3:1 proportion.
C. Externally, TT and Tt tall plants cannot be distinguished by phenotype.
D. Externally, TT and Tt tall plants cannot be distinguished by phenotype.
38.Identify the correct statements regarding Probability expression:
A. The 1/4 : 1/2 : 1/4 genotypic ratio can be expressed as (1/2T + 1/2t)^2.
B. Dwarf F2 plants selfed by Mendel continued to generate dwarf plants in F3 and F4, indicating genotype tt.
C. According to the PDF, The 1/4 : 1/2 : 1/4 genotypic ratio can be expressed as (1/2T + 1/2t)^2. is unrelated to inheritance.
D. According to the PDF, Dwarf F2 plants selfed by Mendel continued to generate dwarf plants in F3 and F4, indicating genotype tt. is unrelated to inheritance.
A. The 1/4 : 1/2 : 1/4 genotypic ratio can be expressed as (1/2T + 1/2t)^2.
B. Dwarf F2 plants selfed by Mendel continued to generate dwarf plants in F3 and F4, indicating genotype tt.
C. According to the PDF, The 1/4 : 1/2 : 1/4 genotypic ratio can be expressed as (1/2T + 1/2t)^2. is unrelated to inheritance.
D. According to the PDF, Dwarf F2 plants selfed by Mendel continued to generate dwarf plants in F3 and F4, indicating genotype tt. is unrelated to inheritance.
39.Identify the correct statements regarding Genotype inference:
A. The genotype of a dominant phenotype cannot be predicted by looking only at phenotype.
B. Test cross crosses an organism with dominant phenotype and unknown genotype with the recessive parent.
C. The genotype of a recessive phenotype cannot be predicted by looking only at phenotype.
D. Test cross crosses an organism with recessive phenotype and unknown genotype with the recessive parent.
A. The genotype of a dominant phenotype cannot be predicted by looking only at phenotype.
B. Test cross crosses an organism with dominant phenotype and unknown genotype with the recessive parent.
C. The genotype of a recessive phenotype cannot be predicted by looking only at phenotype.
D. Test cross crosses an organism with recessive phenotype and unknown genotype with the recessive parent.
40.Identify the correct statements regarding Test cross use:
A. Progeny of a test cross can be analysed to predict the genotype of the test organism.
B. True-breeding tall and dwarf pea varieties have identical/homozygous allelic pairs TT and tt respectively.
C. Progeny of a test cross can be analysed to predict the genotype of the test organism.
D. Progeny of a test cross can be analysed to predict the genotype of the test organism.
A. Progeny of a test cross can be analysed to predict the genotype of the test organism.
B. True-breeding tall and dwarf pea varieties have identical/homozygous allelic pairs TT and tt respectively.
C. Progeny of a test cross can be analysed to predict the genotype of the test organism.
D. Progeny of a test cross can be analysed to predict the genotype of the test organism.
41.Identify the correct statements regarding Test cross example:
A. In the test-cross example, violet flower colour V is dominant over white v.
B. Mendel's first law is the Law of Dominance and the second is the Law of Segregation.
C. In the test-cross example, violet flower colour V is recessive over white v.
D. Mendel's first law is not the Law of Dominance and the second is the Law of Segregation.
A. In the test-cross example, violet flower colour V is dominant over white v.
B. Mendel's first law is the Law of Dominance and the second is the Law of Segregation.
C. In the test-cross example, violet flower colour V is recessive over white v.
D. Mendel's first law is not the Law of Dominance and the second is the Law of Segregation.
42.Identify the correct statements regarding Law of Dominance:
A. Law of Dominance states that characters are controlled by discrete units called factors.
B. Law of Dominance states that factors occur in pairs.
C. Law of Dominance states that characters are controlled by discrete units called factors.
D. According to the PDF, Law of Dominance states that factors occur in pairs. is unrelated to inheritance.
A. Law of Dominance states that characters are controlled by discrete units called factors.
B. Law of Dominance states that factors occur in pairs.
C. Law of Dominance states that characters are controlled by discrete units called factors.
D. According to the PDF, Law of Dominance states that factors occur in pairs. is unrelated to inheritance.
43.Which of the following statements is incorrect with respect to Law of Dominance?
44.Given below are two statements: Assertion A and Reason R.
Assertion A: Law of Dominance explains expression of one parental character in F1, expression of both in F2, and 3:1 F2 proportion.
Reason R: Law of Segregation is based on non-blending of alleles and recovery of both characters in F2.
Choose the correct answer.
Assertion A: Law of Dominance explains expression of one parental character in F1, expression of both in F2, and 3:1 F2 proportion.
Reason R: Law of Segregation is based on non-blending of alleles and recovery of both characters in F2.
Choose the correct answer.
45.Which option correctly states the NCERT/PDF point(s) about Law of Segregation?
46.Match List-I with List-II for Incomplete Dominance.
List-I
(a) incomplete dominance, F1 phenotype does not r
(b) Snapdragon cross
(c) Ratio comparison
(d) Snapdragon/dog flower (Antirrhinum) flower co
List-II
(i) Snapdragon/dog flower (Antirrhinum) flower colour is a good example of incomplete dominance.
(ii) RR red × rr white in Snapdragon gives Rr pink F1.
(iii) In incomplete dominance, F1 phenotype does not resemble either parent and is in between the two.
(iv) In incomplete dominance, genotype ratio is as expected for a Mendelian monohybrid cross, but the phenotypic ratio is not 3:1.
List-I
(a) incomplete dominance, F1 phenotype does not r
(b) Snapdragon cross
(c) Ratio comparison
(d) Snapdragon/dog flower (Antirrhinum) flower co
List-II
(i) Snapdragon/dog flower (Antirrhinum) flower colour is a good example of incomplete dominance.
(ii) RR red × rr white in Snapdragon gives Rr pink F1.
(iii) In incomplete dominance, F1 phenotype does not resemble either parent and is in between the two.
(iv) In incomplete dominance, genotype ratio is as expected for a Mendelian monohybrid cross, but the phenotypic ratio is not 3:1.
47.Match List-I with List-II for Incomplete Dominance.
List-I
(a) Snapdragon/dog flower (Antirrhinum) flower co
(b) Snapdragon cross
(c) incomplete dominance, F1 phenotype does not r
(d) F2 ratio
List-II
(i) RR red × rr white in Snapdragon gives Rr pink F1.
(ii) In incomplete dominance, F1 phenotype does not resemble either parent and is in between the two.
(iii) Snapdragon/dog flower (Antirrhinum) flower colour is a good example of incomplete dominance.
(iv) Selfing Rr pink gives F2 ratio 1 RR red : 2 Rr pink : 1 rr white.
List-I
(a) Snapdragon/dog flower (Antirrhinum) flower co
(b) Snapdragon cross
(c) incomplete dominance, F1 phenotype does not r
(d) F2 ratio
List-II
(i) RR red × rr white in Snapdragon gives Rr pink F1.
(ii) In incomplete dominance, F1 phenotype does not resemble either parent and is in between the two.
(iii) Snapdragon/dog flower (Antirrhinum) flower colour is a good example of incomplete dominance.
(iv) Selfing Rr pink gives F2 ratio 1 RR red : 2 Rr pink : 1 rr white.
48.Given below are two statements: Assertion A and Reason R.
Assertion A: Selfing Rr pink gives F2 ratio 1 RR red : 2 Rr pink : 1 rr white.
Reason R: In incomplete dominance, genotype ratio is as expected for a Mendelian monohybrid cross, but the phenotypic ratio is not 3:1.
Choose the correct answer.
Assertion A: Selfing Rr pink gives F2 ratio 1 RR red : 2 Rr pink : 1 rr white.
Reason R: In incomplete dominance, genotype ratio is as expected for a Mendelian monohybrid cross, but the phenotypic ratio is not 3:1.
Choose the correct answer.
49.Identify the correct statements regarding Allelic relation:
A. R is not completely dominant over r in Snapdragon, so Rr is distinguishable as pink from RR red and rr white.
B. Selfing Rr pink gives F2 ratio 1 RR red : 2 Rr pink : 1 rr white.
C. R is not completely recessive over r in Snapdragon, so Rr is distinguishable as pink from RR red and rr white.
D. R is not completely recessive over r in Snapdragon, so Rr is distinguishable as pink from RR red and rr white.
A. R is not completely dominant over r in Snapdragon, so Rr is distinguishable as pink from RR red and rr white.
B. Selfing Rr pink gives F2 ratio 1 RR red : 2 Rr pink : 1 rr white.
C. R is not completely recessive over r in Snapdragon, so Rr is distinguishable as pink from RR red and rr white.
D. R is not completely recessive over r in Snapdragon, so Rr is distinguishable as pink from RR red and rr white.
50.Based on the relevant figure/table/process description in the PDF, which interpretation is correct for Gene function?
51.Identify the correct statements regarding Dominance mechanism:
A. If a modified allele produces non-functional enzyme or no enzyme, phenotype depends on the functioning unmodified allele.
B. The functioning unmodified allele representing the original phenotype is dominant; the modified allele is generally recessive.
C. If a modified allele does not produce non-functional enzyme or no enzyme, phenotype depends on the functioning unmodified allele.
D. The functioning unmodified allele representing the original phenotype is recessive; the modified allele is generally recessive.
A. If a modified allele produces non-functional enzyme or no enzyme, phenotype depends on the functioning unmodified allele.
B. The functioning unmodified allele representing the original phenotype is dominant; the modified allele is generally recessive.
C. If a modified allele does not produce non-functional enzyme or no enzyme, phenotype depends on the functioning unmodified allele.
D. The functioning unmodified allele representing the original phenotype is recessive; the modified allele is generally recessive.
52.Select the option with correct statements only for Concept:
A. In co-dominance, the F1 generation resembles both parents.
B. IA and IB produce slightly different forms of sugar; allele i does not produce any sugar.
C. When IA and IB occur together, both express their own sugars; this is co-dominance.
D. In incomplete dominance, the F1 generation resembles both parents.
E. According to the PDF, IA and IB produce slightly different forms of sugar; allele i does not produce any sugar. is unrelated to inheritance.
A. In co-dominance, the F1 generation resembles both parents.
B. IA and IB produce slightly different forms of sugar; allele i does not produce any sugar.
C. When IA and IB occur together, both express their own sugars; this is co-dominance.
D. In incomplete dominance, the F1 generation resembles both parents.
E. According to the PDF, IA and IB produce slightly different forms of sugar; allele i does not produce any sugar. is unrelated to inheritance.
53.Given below are two statements: Assertion A and Reason R.
Assertion A: ABO blood grouping in humans is an example of co-dominance.
Reason R: ABO blood groups are controlled by gene I.
Choose the correct answer.
Assertion A: ABO blood grouping in humans is an example of co-dominance.
Reason R: ABO blood groups are controlled by gene I.
Choose the correct answer.
54.Identify the correct statements regarding RBC sugar polymers:
A. The plasma membrane of red blood cells has surface-protruding sugar polymers, and their kind is controlled by gene I.
B. Gene I has three alleles: IA, IB and i.
C. The plasma membrane of red blood cells has surface-protruding sugar polymers, and their kind is not controlled by gene I.
D. According to the PDF, Gene I has three alleles: IA, IB and i. is unrelated to inheritance.
A. The plasma membrane of red blood cells has surface-protruding sugar polymers, and their kind is controlled by gene I.
B. Gene I has three alleles: IA, IB and i.
C. The plasma membrane of red blood cells has surface-protruding sugar polymers, and their kind is not controlled by gene I.
D. According to the PDF, Gene I has three alleles: IA, IB and i. is unrelated to inheritance.
55.Which of the following statements is incorrect with respect to ABO allele function?
56.Identify the correct statements regarding ABO dominance:
A. IA and IB are completely dominant over i.
B. When IA and IB occur together, both express their own sugars; this is co-dominance.
C. IA and IB are completely recessive over i.
D. When IA and IB occur together, both express their own sugars; this is incomplete dominance.
A. IA and IB are completely dominant over i.
B. When IA and IB occur together, both express their own sugars; this is co-dominance.
C. IA and IB are completely recessive over i.
D. When IA and IB occur together, both express their own sugars; this is incomplete dominance.
57.Which option correctly states the NCERT/PDF point(s) about ABO combinations?
58.Which option correctly states the NCERT/PDF point(s) about Population basis?
59.Which option correctly states the NCERT/PDF point(s) about Starch synthesis example?
60.Which option correctly states the NCERT/PDF point(s) about Starch synthesis example?
61.Which of the following statements is incorrect with respect to Phenotype choice?
62.Identify the correct statements regarding Dominance relativity:
A. Dominance is not an autonomous feature of a gene or product; it depends on gene product and phenotype examined.
B. Mendel crossed pea plants differing in seed colour and seed shape to study inheritance of two genes.
C. Dominance is not not an autonomous feature of a gene or product; it depends on gene product and phenotype examined.
D. Mendel crossed pea plants differing in seed colour and seed shape to study inheritance of two proteins.
A. Dominance is not an autonomous feature of a gene or product; it depends on gene product and phenotype examined.
B. Mendel crossed pea plants differing in seed colour and seed shape to study inheritance of two genes.
C. Dominance is not not an autonomous feature of a gene or product; it depends on gene product and phenotype examined.
D. Mendel crossed pea plants differing in seed colour and seed shape to study inheritance of two proteins.
63.Match List-I with List-II for Inheritance of Two Genes.
List-I
(a) Dominance in dihybrid
(b) Genetic symbols
(c) Dihybrid F1
(d) Dihybrid F2 ratio
List-II
(i) In seed traits, yellow colour is dominant over green and round shape is dominant over wrinkled.
(ii) Use Y/y for yellow/green seed colour and R/r for round/wrinkled seed shape.
(iii) Dihybrid F2 phenotypes round yellow, wrinkled yellow, round green and wrinkled green appear in 9:3:3:1 ratio.
(iv) Dihybrid parents RRYY and rryy produce gametes RY and ry, giving F1 RrYy.
List-I
(a) Dominance in dihybrid
(b) Genetic symbols
(c) Dihybrid F1
(d) Dihybrid F2 ratio
List-II
(i) In seed traits, yellow colour is dominant over green and round shape is dominant over wrinkled.
(ii) Use Y/y for yellow/green seed colour and R/r for round/wrinkled seed shape.
(iii) Dihybrid F2 phenotypes round yellow, wrinkled yellow, round green and wrinkled green appear in 9:3:3:1 ratio.
(iv) Dihybrid parents RRYY and rryy produce gametes RY and ry, giving F1 RrYy.
64.Which of the following statements is incorrect with respect to Dihybrid F1?
65.Given below are two statements: Assertion A and Reason R.
Assertion A: On selfing RrYy, seed colour and seed shape each segregate in 3:1 ratio individually.
Reason R: Dihybrid F2 phenotypes round yellow, wrinkled yellow, round green and wrinkled green appear in 9:3:1:2:1 ratio.
Choose the correct answer.
Assertion A: On selfing RrYy, seed colour and seed shape each segregate in 3:1 ratio individually.
Reason R: Dihybrid F2 phenotypes round yellow, wrinkled yellow, round green and wrinkled green appear in 9:3:1:2:1 ratio.
Choose the correct answer.
66.Identify the correct statements regarding Ratio derivation:
A. The 9:3:3:1 ratio derives from combining 3 round:1 wrinkled with 3 yellow:1 green.
B. Law of Independent Assortment states that when two pairs of traits are combined in a hybrid, segregation of one pair is independent of the other pair.
C. The 9:3:1:2:1 ratio derives from combining 3 round:1 wrinkled with 3 yellow:1 green.
D. Law of Independent Assortment states that when two pairs of traits are combined in a hybrid, segregation of one pair is not independent of the other pair.
A. The 9:3:3:1 ratio derives from combining 3 round:1 wrinkled with 3 yellow:1 green.
B. Law of Independent Assortment states that when two pairs of traits are combined in a hybrid, segregation of one pair is independent of the other pair.
C. The 9:3:1:2:1 ratio derives from combining 3 round:1 wrinkled with 3 yellow:1 green.
D. Law of Independent Assortment states that when two pairs of traits are combined in a hybrid, segregation of one pair is not independent of the other pair.
67.Which of the following statements is incorrect with respect to Dihybrid gametes?
68.Which of the following statements is incorrect with respect to Punnett square?
69.Which of the following statements is incorrect with respect to Mendel neglect?
70.Select the option with correct statements only for Chromosomes:
A. Chromosomes were named coloured bodies because they were visualised by staining.
B. During Anaphase I of meiosis, two chromosome pairs can align independently at the metaphase plate.
C. Chromosomes and genes segregate during gamete formation so only one of each pair enters a gamete.
D. ribosomes were named coloured bodies because they were visualised by staining.
E. During Anaphase I of mitosis, two chromosome pairs can align independently at the metaphase plate.
A. Chromosomes were named coloured bodies because they were visualised by staining.
B. During Anaphase I of meiosis, two chromosome pairs can align independently at the metaphase plate.
C. Chromosomes and genes segregate during gamete formation so only one of each pair enters a gamete.
D. ribosomes were named coloured bodies because they were visualised by staining.
E. During Anaphase I of mitosis, two chromosome pairs can align independently at the metaphase plate.
71.Given below are two statements: Assertion A and Reason R.
Assertion A: By 1902, chromosome movement during meiosis had been worked out.
Reason R: Walter Watson and Theodore Boveri noted that chromosome behaviour was parallel to gene behaviour.
Choose the correct answer.
Assertion A: By 1902, chromosome movement during meiosis had been worked out.
Reason R: Walter Watson and Theodore Boveri noted that chromosome behaviour was parallel to gene behaviour.
Choose the correct answer.
72.Which option correctly states the NCERT/PDF point(s) about Parallel behaviour?
73.Which of the following statements is incorrect with respect to Segregation parallel?
74.Based on the relevant figure/table/process description in the PDF, which interpretation is correct for Independent assortment parallel?
75.Which option correctly states the NCERT/PDF point(s) about Theory name?
76.Which option correctly states the NCERT/PDF point(s) about Morgan verification?
77.Given below are two statements: Assertion A and Reason R.
Assertion A: Drosophila can be grown on simple synthetic medium in the laboratory.
Reason R: According to the PDF, Drosophila completes its life cycle in about two weeks. is unrelated to inheritance.
Choose the correct answer.
Assertion A: Drosophila can be grown on simple synthetic medium in the laboratory.
Reason R: According to the PDF, Drosophila completes its life cycle in about two weeks. is unrelated to inheritance.
Choose the correct answer.
78.A student has to use the NCERT/PDF rule from Drosophila suitability in a new cross or family-history situation. Which approach is most appropriate?
79.Which of the following statements is incorrect with respect to Drosophila suitability?
80.A student has to use the NCERT/PDF rule from Morgan crosses in a new cross or family-history situation. Which approach is most appropriate?
81.A student has to use the NCERT/PDF rule from Deviation from Mendel in a new cross or family-history situation. Which approach is most appropriate?
82.Identify the correct statements regarding Same chromosome genes:
A. When two genes are on the same chromosome, parental gene combinations are much higher than non-parental combinations.
B. Morgan coined linkage for physical association of genes on a chromosome.
C. When two proteins are on the same chromosome, parental gene combinations are much higher than non-parental combinations.
D. Morgan coined linkage for physical association of proteins on a chromosome.
A. When two genes are on the same chromosome, parental gene combinations are much higher than non-parental combinations.
B. Morgan coined linkage for physical association of genes on a chromosome.
C. When two proteins are on the same chromosome, parental gene combinations are much higher than non-parental combinations.
D. Morgan coined linkage for physical association of proteins on a chromosome.
83.Which of the following statements is incorrect with respect to Recombination?
84.Identify the correct statements regarding Recombination frequency:
A. Morgan found white and yellow genes tightly linked with 1.3% recombination.
B. Morgan crossed yellow-bodied, white-eyed females with brown-bodied, red-eyed males and intercrossed their F1 progeny.
C. Morgan found white and yellow proteins tightly linked with 1.3% recombination.
D. Morgan found white and yellow proteins tightly linked with 1.3% recombination.
A. Morgan found white and yellow genes tightly linked with 1.3% recombination.
B. Morgan crossed yellow-bodied, white-eyed females with brown-bodied, red-eyed males and intercrossed their F1 progeny.
C. Morgan found white and yellow proteins tightly linked with 1.3% recombination.
D. Morgan found white and yellow proteins tightly linked with 1.3% recombination.
85.Identify the correct statements regarding Recombination frequency:
A. Morgan found white and miniature wing genes with 37.2% recombination.
B. Alfred Sturtevant used recombination frequency between same-chromosome gene pairs as a measure of distance and mapped their chromosome positions.
C. Morgan found white and miniature wing proteins with 37.2% recombination.
D. Alfred Henking used recombination frequency between same-chromosome gene pairs as a measure of distance and mapped their chromosome positions.
A. Morgan found white and miniature wing genes with 37.2% recombination.
B. Alfred Sturtevant used recombination frequency between same-chromosome gene pairs as a measure of distance and mapped their chromosome positions.
C. Morgan found white and miniature wing proteins with 37.2% recombination.
D. Alfred Henking used recombination frequency between same-chromosome gene pairs as a measure of distance and mapped their chromosome positions.
86.Given below are two statements: Assertion A and Reason R.
Assertion A: Genetic maps are used as a starting point in sequencing whole genomes, as in the Human Genome Sequencing Project.
Reason R: In Morgan's Figure 4.11, linkage between y and w is stronger than linkage between w and m.
Choose the correct answer.
Assertion A: Genetic maps are used as a starting point in sequencing whole genomes, as in the Human Genome Sequencing Project.
Reason R: In Morgan's Figure 4.11, linkage between y and w is stronger than linkage between w and m.
Choose the correct answer.
87.Which option correctly states the NCERT/PDF point(s) about Concept?
88.Given below are two statements: Assertion A and Reason R.
Assertion A: Human height is a polygenic trait example because people show a whole range of heights, not just tall/short.
Reason R: Polygenic traits are generally controlled by three or more genes.
Choose the correct answer.
Assertion A: Human height is a polygenic trait example because people show a whole range of heights, not just tall/short.
Reason R: Polygenic traits are generally controlled by three or more genes.
Choose the correct answer.
89.Which of the following statements is incorrect with respect to Environment?
90.Match List-I with List-II for Polygenic Inheritance.
List-I
(a) Additive effect
(b) Extreme genotypes
(c) Allele dosage
(d) Environment
List-II
(i) Polygenic inheritance also takes into account environmental influence.
(ii) AABBCC gives darkest skin colour and aabbcc gives lightest skin colour.
(iii) In a polygenic trait, phenotype reflects additive contribution of each allele.
(iv) The number of each type of allele determines darkness or lightness of skin in an individual.
List-I
(a) Additive effect
(b) Extreme genotypes
(c) Allele dosage
(d) Environment
List-II
(i) Polygenic inheritance also takes into account environmental influence.
(ii) AABBCC gives darkest skin colour and aabbcc gives lightest skin colour.
(iii) In a polygenic trait, phenotype reflects additive contribution of each allele.
(iv) The number of each type of allele determines darkness or lightness of skin in an individual.
91.Given below are two statements: Assertion A and Reason R.
Assertion A: For skin colour example, genes A, B, C have dominant alleles for dark colour and recessive alleles for light colour.
Reason R: AABBCC gives darkest skin colour and aabbcc gives lightest skin colour.
Choose the correct answer.
Assertion A: For skin colour example, genes A, B, C have dominant alleles for dark colour and recessive alleles for light colour.
Reason R: AABBCC gives darkest skin colour and aabbcc gives lightest skin colour.
Choose the correct answer.
92.Identify the correct statements regarding Intermediate genotype:
A. Genotypes with three dominant and three recessive alleles show intermediate skin colour.
B. The number of each type of allele determines darkness or lightness of skin in an individual.
C. Genotypes with three recessive and three recessive alleles show intermediate skin colour.
D. According to the PDF, The number of each type of allele determines darkness or lightness of skin in an individual. is unrelated to inheritance.
A. Genotypes with three dominant and three recessive alleles show intermediate skin colour.
B. The number of each type of allele determines darkness or lightness of skin in an individual.
C. Genotypes with three recessive and three recessive alleles show intermediate skin colour.
D. According to the PDF, The number of each type of allele determines darkness or lightness of skin in an individual. is unrelated to inheritance.
93.Match List-I with List-II for Pleiotropy.
List-I
(a) pleiotropic gene
(b) PKU example
(c) Mechanism
(d) PKU phenotype
List-II
(i) Phenylketonuria is an example of pleiotropy in humans.
(ii) Pleiotropy often results from effect of a gene on metabolic pathways contributing to different phenotypes.
(iii) Phenylketonuria manifests as mental retardation and reduction in hair and skin pigmentation.
(iv) A pleiotropic gene is a single gene that exhibits multiple phenotypic expressions.
List-I
(a) pleiotropic gene
(b) PKU example
(c) Mechanism
(d) PKU phenotype
List-II
(i) Phenylketonuria is an example of pleiotropy in humans.
(ii) Pleiotropy often results from effect of a gene on metabolic pathways contributing to different phenotypes.
(iii) Phenylketonuria manifests as mental retardation and reduction in hair and skin pigmentation.
(iv) A pleiotropic gene is a single gene that exhibits multiple phenotypic expressions.
94.Given below are two statements: Assertion A and Reason R.
Assertion A: Pleiotropy often results from effect of a gene on metabolic pathways contributing to different phenotypes.
Reason R: Phenylketonuria is not an example of pleiotropy in humans.
Choose the correct answer.
Assertion A: Pleiotropy often results from effect of a gene on metabolic pathways contributing to different phenotypes.
Reason R: Phenylketonuria is not an example of pleiotropy in humans.
Choose the correct answer.
95.Given below are two statements: Assertion A and Reason R.
Assertion A: Phenylketonuria is caused by mutation in the gene coding for phenylalanine hydroxylase.
Reason R: According to the PDF, Phenylketonuria manifests as mental retardation and reduction in hair and skin pigmentation. is unrelated to inheritance.
Choose the correct answer.
Assertion A: Phenylketonuria is caused by mutation in the gene coding for phenylalanine hydroxylase.
Reason R: According to the PDF, Phenylketonuria manifests as mental retardation and reduction in hair and skin pigmentation. is unrelated to inheritance.
Choose the correct answer.
96.A student has to use the NCERT/PDF rule from Historical basis in a new cross or family-history situation. Which approach is most appropriate?
97.Which option correctly states the NCERT/PDF point(s) about Henking?
98.Given below are two statements: Assertion A and Reason R.
Assertion A: Henking named the structure X body, but its significance was explained later.
Reason R: The X body was later found to be a chromosome and named X-chromosome.
Choose the correct answer.
Assertion A: Henking named the structure X body, but its significance was explained later.
Reason R: The X body was later found to be a chromosome and named X-chromosome.
Choose the correct answer.
99.Which option correctly states the NCERT/PDF point(s) about XO system?
100.Which option correctly states the NCERT/PDF point(s) about XO outcome?
101.A student has to use the NCERT/PDF rule from XY system in a new cross or family-history situation. Which approach is most appropriate?
102.Which option correctly states the NCERT/PDF point(s) about Human/Drosophila?
103.Identify the correct statements regarding Male heterogamety:
A. XO and XY systems are examples of male heterogamety because males produce two types of gametes.
B. In birds, females are heterogametic with ZW and males are homogametic with ZZ.
C. XO and XY systems are examples of female heterogamety because males produce two types of gametes.
D. In birds, females are heterogametic with ZW and females are homogametic with ZZ.
A. XO and XY systems are examples of male heterogamety because males produce two types of gametes.
B. In birds, females are heterogametic with ZW and males are homogametic with ZZ.
C. XO and XY systems are examples of female heterogamety because males produce two types of gametes.
D. In birds, females are heterogametic with ZW and females are homogametic with ZZ.
104.Which of the following statements is incorrect with respect to Human karyotype?
105.Which option correctly states the NCERT/PDF point(s) about Sperm types?
106.Based on the relevant figure/table/process description in the PDF, which interpretation is correct for Ovum type?
107.Based on the relevant figure/table/process description in the PDF, which interpretation is correct for Sperm responsibility?
108.Which option correctly states the NCERT/PDF point(s) about Haplodiploidy?
109.Based on the relevant figure/table/process description in the PDF, which interpretation is correct for Haplodiploidy?
110.Which of the following statements is incorrect with respect to System name?
111.A student has to use the NCERT/PDF rule from Definition in a new cross or family-history situation. Which approach is most appropriate?
112.Based on the relevant figure/table/process description in the PDF, which interpretation is correct for Source of variation?
113.Identify the correct statements regarding Chromosomal aberrations:
A. Alteration in chromosomes results in abnormalities or aberrations; chromosomal aberrations are commonly observed in cancer cells.
B. A change in a single base pair of DNA is called a point mutation.
C. Alteration in ribosomes results in abnormalities or aberrations; chromosomal aberrations are commonly observed in cancer cells.
D. A change in a single base pair of DNA is called a frame-shift mutation.
A. Alteration in chromosomes results in abnormalities or aberrations; chromosomal aberrations are commonly observed in cancer cells.
B. A change in a single base pair of DNA is called a point mutation.
C. Alteration in ribosomes results in abnormalities or aberrations; chromosomal aberrations are commonly observed in cancer cells.
D. A change in a single base pair of DNA is called a frame-shift mutation.
114.A student has to use the NCERT/PDF rule from Point mutation example in a new cross or family-history situation. Which approach is most appropriate?
115.Identify the correct statements regarding Frameshift:
A. Deletions and insertions of DNA base pairs cause frame-shift mutations.
B. Chemical and physical factors that induce mutations are called mutagens.
C. Deletions and insertions of DNA base pairs cause point mutations.
D. Chemical and physical factors that induce mutations are called alleles.
A. Deletions and insertions of DNA base pairs cause frame-shift mutations.
B. Chemical and physical factors that induce mutations are called mutagens.
C. Deletions and insertions of DNA base pairs cause point mutations.
D. Chemical and physical factors that induce mutations are called alleles.
116.Identify the correct statements regarding UV mutagen:
A. UV radiation can cause mutations and is a mutagen.
B. The idea that disorders are inherited was based on heritability of characteristic features in families.
C. visible light can cause mutations and is a mutagen.
D. The idea that disorders are inherited was based on heritability of characteristic features in families.
A. UV radiation can cause mutations and is a mutagen.
B. The idea that disorders are inherited was based on heritability of characteristic features in families.
C. visible light can cause mutations and is a mutagen.
D. The idea that disorders are inherited was based on heritability of characteristic features in families.
117.Which of the following statements is incorrect with respect to Pedigree need?
118.Which option correctly states the NCERT/PDF point(s) about Pedigree analysis?
119.Which option correctly states the NCERT/PDF point(s) about Pedigree use?
120.Which option correctly states the NCERT/PDF point(s) about Disorder basis?
121.Which option correctly states the NCERT/PDF point(s) about Classification?
122.Which option correctly states the NCERT/PDF point(s) about Transmission?
123.Identify the correct statements regarding Examples:
A. Common Mendelian disorders include haemophilia, cystic fibrosis, sickle-cell anaemia, colour blindness, phenylketonuria and thalassemia.
B. Phenylketonuria is an inborn error of metabolism inherited as an autosomal recessive trait.
C. Common Mendelian disorders include haemophilia, cystic fibrosis, sickle-cell anaemia, colour blindness, phenylketonuria and thalassemia.
D. Common Mendelian disorders include haemophilia, cystic fibrosis, sickle-cell anaemia, colour blindness, phenylketonuria and thalassemia.
A. Common Mendelian disorders include haemophilia, cystic fibrosis, sickle-cell anaemia, colour blindness, phenylketonuria and thalassemia.
B. Phenylketonuria is an inborn error of metabolism inherited as an autosomal recessive trait.
C. Common Mendelian disorders include haemophilia, cystic fibrosis, sickle-cell anaemia, colour blindness, phenylketonuria and thalassemia.
D. Common Mendelian disorders include haemophilia, cystic fibrosis, sickle-cell anaemia, colour blindness, phenylketonuria and thalassemia.
124.Which option correctly states the NCERT/PDF point(s) about Inheritance type?
125.Which option correctly states the NCERT/PDF point(s) about Colour blindness?
126.Which option correctly states the NCERT/PDF point(s) about Colour blindness frequency?
127.Which of the following statements is incorrect with respect to Colour blindness inheritance?
128.Match List-I with List-II for Mendelian Disorders.
List-I
(a) Haemophilia
(b) Sickle-cell molecular basis
(c) Sickle-cell carrier
(d) Sickle-cell genotype
List-II
(i) HbAHbS carriers have 50% probability of transmitting the mutant gene to progeny.
(ii) Haemophilia involves defect in a single protein of blood-clotting cascade, causing non-stop bleeding even after a simple cut.
(iii) Only HbSHbS individuals show diseased phenotype; HbAHbS individuals are apparently unaffected carriers.
(iv) Sickle-cell defect is substitution of glutamic acid by valine at sixth position of beta globin chain.
List-I
(a) Haemophilia
(b) Sickle-cell molecular basis
(c) Sickle-cell carrier
(d) Sickle-cell genotype
List-II
(i) HbAHbS carriers have 50% probability of transmitting the mutant gene to progeny.
(ii) Haemophilia involves defect in a single protein of blood-clotting cascade, causing non-stop bleeding even after a simple cut.
(iii) Only HbSHbS individuals show diseased phenotype; HbAHbS individuals are apparently unaffected carriers.
(iv) Sickle-cell defect is substitution of glutamic acid by valine at sixth position of beta globin chain.
129.Given below are two statements: Assertion A and Reason R.
Assertion A: A heterozygous carrier female for haemophilia may transmit the disease to sons.
Reason R: A haemophilic female is extremely rare because mother must be at least carrier and father haemophilic.
Choose the correct answer.
Assertion A: A heterozygous carrier female for haemophilia may transmit the disease to sons.
Reason R: A haemophilic female is extremely rare because mother must be at least carrier and father haemophilic.
Choose the correct answer.
130.Which option correctly states the NCERT/PDF point(s) about Haemophilia example?
131.Identify the correct statements regarding Sickle-cell genetics:
A. Sickle-cell anaemia is controlled by a single pair of alleles, HbA and HbS.
B. HbAHbS carriers have 50% probability of transmitting the mutant gene to progeny.
C. Sickle-cell anaemia is not controlled by a single pair of alleles, HbA and HbS.
D. Sickle-cell anaemia is not controlled by a single pair of alleles, HbA and HbS.
A. Sickle-cell anaemia is controlled by a single pair of alleles, HbA and HbS.
B. HbAHbS carriers have 50% probability of transmitting the mutant gene to progeny.
C. Sickle-cell anaemia is not controlled by a single pair of alleles, HbA and HbS.
D. Sickle-cell anaemia is not controlled by a single pair of alleles, HbA and HbS.
132.Which of the following statements is incorrect with respect to Sickle-cell genotype?
133.Identify the correct statements regarding Sickle-cell molecular basis:
A. Sickle-cell defect is substitution of glutamic acid by valine at sixth position of beta globin chain.
B. Sickle-cell molecular change is single base substitution at sixth codon of beta globin gene from GAG to GUG.
C. Sickle-cell defect is substitution of Valine by valine at sixth position of beta globin chain.
D. Sickle-cell molecular change is single base substitution at sixth codon of beta globin gene from GUG to GAG.
A. Sickle-cell defect is substitution of glutamic acid by valine at sixth position of beta globin chain.
B. Sickle-cell molecular change is single base substitution at sixth codon of beta globin gene from GAG to GUG.
C. Sickle-cell defect is substitution of Valine by valine at sixth position of beta globin chain.
D. Sickle-cell molecular change is single base substitution at sixth codon of beta globin gene from GUG to GAG.
134.Select the option with correct statements only for Sickle RBC shape:
A. Mutant haemoglobin polymerises under low oxygen tension, changing RBCs from biconcave disc to elongated sickle-like shape.
B. Colour blindness occurs in about 8% of males and about 0.4% of females.
C. Haemophilia is an X-linked recessive trait transmitted from carrier female to male progeny.
D. Mutant haemoglobin polymerises under low oxygen tension, changing RBCs from biconcave disc to elongated sickle-like shape.
E. Colour blindness occurs in about 8% of females and about 0.4% of females.
A. Mutant haemoglobin polymerises under low oxygen tension, changing RBCs from biconcave disc to elongated sickle-like shape.
B. Colour blindness occurs in about 8% of males and about 0.4% of females.
C. Haemophilia is an X-linked recessive trait transmitted from carrier female to male progeny.
D. Mutant haemoglobin polymerises under low oxygen tension, changing RBCs from biconcave disc to elongated sickle-like shape.
E. Colour blindness occurs in about 8% of females and about 0.4% of females.
135.Select the option with correct statements only for Phenylketonuria:
A. Phenylketonuria is an inborn error of metabolism inherited as an autosomal recessive trait.
B. In phenylketonuria, the affected individual lacks enzyme converting phenylalanine into tyrosine.
C. Alpha thalassemia is controlled by two closely linked genes HBA1 and HBA2 on chromosome 16 of each parent.
D. Phenylketonuria is an inborn error of metabolism inherited as an autosomal dominant trait.
E. According to the PDF, In phenylketonuria, the affected individual lacks enzyme converting phenylalanine into tyrosine. is unrelated to inheritance.
A. Phenylketonuria is an inborn error of metabolism inherited as an autosomal recessive trait.
B. In phenylketonuria, the affected individual lacks enzyme converting phenylalanine into tyrosine.
C. Alpha thalassemia is controlled by two closely linked genes HBA1 and HBA2 on chromosome 16 of each parent.
D. Phenylketonuria is an inborn error of metabolism inherited as an autosomal dominant trait.
E. According to the PDF, In phenylketonuria, the affected individual lacks enzyme converting phenylalanine into tyrosine. is unrelated to inheritance.
136.Which of the following statements is incorrect with respect to Phenylketonuria metabolism?
137.Match List-I with List-II for Mendelian Disorders.
List-I
(a) Thalassemia
(b) Pedigree use
(c) Thalassemia vs sickle
(d) Beta thalassemia genetics
List-II
(i) Pattern of inheritance of Mendelian disorders can be traced by pedigree analysis.
(ii) Thalassemia is an autosome-linked recessive blood disease transmitted when both parents are unaffected carriers/heterozygous.
(iii) Beta thalassemia is controlled by a single gene HBB on chromosome 11 of each parent.
(iv) Thalassemia is quantitative problem of synthesising too few globin molecules; sickle-cell anaemia is qualitative problem of incorrect globin function.
List-I
(a) Thalassemia
(b) Pedigree use
(c) Thalassemia vs sickle
(d) Beta thalassemia genetics
List-II
(i) Pattern of inheritance of Mendelian disorders can be traced by pedigree analysis.
(ii) Thalassemia is an autosome-linked recessive blood disease transmitted when both parents are unaffected carriers/heterozygous.
(iii) Beta thalassemia is controlled by a single gene HBB on chromosome 11 of each parent.
(iv) Thalassemia is quantitative problem of synthesising too few globin molecules; sickle-cell anaemia is qualitative problem of incorrect globin function.
138.Based on the relevant figure/table/process description in the PDF, which interpretation is correct for Thalassemia cause?
139.Match List-I with List-II for Mendelian Disorders.
List-I
(a) Thalassemia classification
(b) Alpha thalassemia genetics
(c) Phenylketonuria symptoms
(d) Thalassemia vs sickle
List-II
(i) Thalassemia is quantitative problem of synthesising too few globin molecules; sickle-cell anaemia is qualitative problem of incorrect globin function.
(ii) Accumulation of phenylpyruvic acid derivatives in brain causes mental retardation and they are excreted in urine due to poor kidney absorption.
(iii) Alpha thalassemia affects alpha globin chain; beta thalassemia affects beta globin chain.
(iv) Alpha thalassemia is controlled by two closely linked genes HBA1 and HBA2 on chromosome 16 of each parent.
List-I
(a) Thalassemia classification
(b) Alpha thalassemia genetics
(c) Phenylketonuria symptoms
(d) Thalassemia vs sickle
List-II
(i) Thalassemia is quantitative problem of synthesising too few globin molecules; sickle-cell anaemia is qualitative problem of incorrect globin function.
(ii) Accumulation of phenylpyruvic acid derivatives in brain causes mental retardation and they are excreted in urine due to poor kidney absorption.
(iii) Alpha thalassemia affects alpha globin chain; beta thalassemia affects beta globin chain.
(iv) Alpha thalassemia is controlled by two closely linked genes HBA1 and HBA2 on chromosome 16 of each parent.
140.Match List-I with List-II for Mendelian Disorders.
List-I
(a) Beta thalassemia genetics
(b) Sickle-cell genetics
(c) Examples
(d) Colour blindness
List-II
(i) Common Mendelian disorders include haemophilia, cystic fibrosis, sickle-cell anaemia, colour blindness, phenylketonuria and thalassemia.
(ii) Colour blindness is a sex-linked recessive disorder due to defect in red or green cone, causing failure to discriminate red and green.
(iii) Beta thalassemia is controlled by a single gene HBB on chromosome 11 of each parent.
(iv) Sickle-cell anaemia is controlled by a single pair of alleles, HbA and HbS.
List-I
(a) Beta thalassemia genetics
(b) Sickle-cell genetics
(c) Examples
(d) Colour blindness
List-II
(i) Common Mendelian disorders include haemophilia, cystic fibrosis, sickle-cell anaemia, colour blindness, phenylketonuria and thalassemia.
(ii) Colour blindness is a sex-linked recessive disorder due to defect in red or green cone, causing failure to discriminate red and green.
(iii) Beta thalassemia is controlled by a single gene HBB on chromosome 11 of each parent.
(iv) Sickle-cell anaemia is controlled by a single pair of alleles, HbA and HbS.
141.Identify the correct statements regarding Thalassemia vs sickle:
A. Thalassemia is quantitative problem of synthesising too few globin molecules; sickle-cell anaemia is qualitative problem of incorrect globin function.
B. Chromosomal disorders are caused by absence, excess or abnormal arrangement of one or more chromosomes.
C. Thalassemia is not quantitative problem of synthesising too few globin molecules; sickle-cell anaemia is qualitative problem of incorrect globin function.
D. Chromosomal disorders are caused by absence, excess or abnormal arrangement of one or more ribosomes.
A. Thalassemia is quantitative problem of synthesising too few globin molecules; sickle-cell anaemia is qualitative problem of incorrect globin function.
B. Chromosomal disorders are caused by absence, excess or abnormal arrangement of one or more chromosomes.
C. Thalassemia is not quantitative problem of synthesising too few globin molecules; sickle-cell anaemia is qualitative problem of incorrect globin function.
D. Chromosomal disorders are caused by absence, excess or abnormal arrangement of one or more ribosomes.
142.Based on the relevant figure/table/process description in the PDF, which interpretation is correct for Aneuploidy?
143.Identify the correct statements regarding Turner’s syndrome:
A. Turner's syndrome results from loss of an X chromosome in human females.
B. Figure 4.16 labels Down's syndrome features including flat back of head, many loops on fingertips, palm crease, broad flat face, big wrinkled tongue and congenital heart disease.
C. Turner's syndrome results from loss of an Y chromosome in human females.
D. Turner's syndrome results from loss of an Y chromosome in human females.
A. Turner's syndrome results from loss of an X chromosome in human females.
B. Figure 4.16 labels Down's syndrome features including flat back of head, many loops on fingertips, palm crease, broad flat face, big wrinkled tongue and congenital heart disease.
C. Turner's syndrome results from loss of an Y chromosome in human females.
D. Turner's syndrome results from loss of an Y chromosome in human females.
144.Which option correctly states the NCERT/PDF point(s) about Polyploidy?
145.Which of the following statements is incorrect with respect to Trisomy vs monosomy?
146.Identify the correct statements regarding Down's syndrome details:
A. Down's syndrome is due to trisomy of chromosome 21 and was first described by Langdon Down in 1866.
B. Down's syndrome also shows broad palm with characteristic palm crease and retarded physical, psychomotor and mental development.
C. Down's syndrome is due to trisomy of chromosome 21 and was first described by Langdon Down in 1900.
D. Down's syndrome is due to trisomy of chromosome 21 and was first described by Langdon Down in 1900.
A. Down's syndrome is due to trisomy of chromosome 21 and was first described by Langdon Down in 1866.
B. Down's syndrome also shows broad palm with characteristic palm crease and retarded physical, psychomotor and mental development.
C. Down's syndrome is due to trisomy of chromosome 21 and was first described by Langdon Down in 1900.
D. Down's syndrome is due to trisomy of chromosome 21 and was first described by Langdon Down in 1900.
147.Match List-I with List-II for Chromosomal Disorders.
List-I
(a) Down's syndrome features
(b) Down's syndrome features
(c) Turner
(d) Examples
List-II
(i) Turner's syndrome is due to absence of one X chromosome, 45 with X0.
(ii) Down's syndrome, Turner's syndrome and Klinefelter's syndrome are common chromosomal disorders.
(iii) Down's syndrome features include short stature, small round head, furrowed tongue and partially open mouth.
(iv) Down's syndrome also shows broad palm with characteristic palm crease and retarded physical, psychomotor and mental development.
List-I
(a) Down's syndrome features
(b) Down's syndrome features
(c) Turner
(d) Examples
List-II
(i) Turner's syndrome is due to absence of one X chromosome, 45 with X0.
(ii) Down's syndrome, Turner's syndrome and Klinefelter's syndrome are common chromosomal disorders.
(iii) Down's syndrome features include short stature, small round head, furrowed tongue and partially open mouth.
(iv) Down's syndrome also shows broad palm with characteristic palm crease and retarded physical, psychomotor and mental development.
148.Identify the correct statements regarding Down's figure labels:
A. Figure 4.16 labels Down's syndrome features including flat back of head, many loops on fingertips, palm crease, broad flat face, big wrinkled tongue and congenital heart disease.
B. Klinefelter's syndrome is due to additional X chromosome with karyotype 47, XXY.
C. Figure 4.32 labels Down's syndrome features including flat back of head, many loops on fingertips, palm crease, broad flat face, big wrinkled tongue and congenital heart disease.
D. Klinefelter's syndrome is due to additional X chromosome with karyotype 45, X0.
A. Figure 4.16 labels Down's syndrome features including flat back of head, many loops on fingertips, palm crease, broad flat face, big wrinkled tongue and congenital heart disease.
B. Klinefelter's syndrome is due to additional X chromosome with karyotype 47, XXY.
C. Figure 4.32 labels Down's syndrome features including flat back of head, many loops on fingertips, palm crease, broad flat face, big wrinkled tongue and congenital heart disease.
D. Klinefelter's syndrome is due to additional X chromosome with karyotype 45, X0.
149.Identify the correct statements regarding Klinefelter features:
A. Klinefelter individuals show masculine development plus feminine development such as gynaecomastia, and are sterile.
B. Turner females are sterile with rudimentary ovaries and lack other secondary sexual characters.
C. Klinefelter individuals show masculine development plus feminine development such as gynaecomastia, and are not sterile.
D. Klinefelter individuals show masculine development plus feminine development such as gynaecomastia, and are not sterile.
A. Klinefelter individuals show masculine development plus feminine development such as gynaecomastia, and are sterile.
B. Turner females are sterile with rudimentary ovaries and lack other secondary sexual characters.
C. Klinefelter individuals show masculine development plus feminine development such as gynaecomastia, and are not sterile.
D. Klinefelter individuals show masculine development plus feminine development such as gynaecomastia, and are not sterile.
150.Based on the relevant figure/table/process description in the PDF, which interpretation is correct for Turner?
Answer Key
12
24
34
43
51
64
72
84
92
103
113
124
133
143
152
163
171
181
194
203
214
223
231
242
253
263
272
282
292
303
314
321
331
344
353
364
373
384
394
401
413
424
433
442
452
464
474
482
494
501
514
524
532
541
553
562
572
582
593
603
613
624
634
642
653
661
672
683
693
703
713
723
733
741
751
761
773
782
792
803
814
822
833
843
854
862
872
882
894
901
912
921
934
943
953
964
971
982
992
1002
1012
1022
1032
1044
1053
1064
1074
1083
1094
1104
1113
1121
1132
1141
1154
1164
1172
1182
1191
1204
1214
1223
1232
1244
1253
1262
1271
1284
1292
1302
1311
1323
1331
1344
1354
1364
1373
1381
1392
1402
1412
1422
1433
1443
1453
1461
1473
1482
1492
1503