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NEET ]1[ Contd...

NEET Biology - Chemical Coordination and Integration

Duration: 150 minutesTotal Marks: 600Questions: 150Negative Marking: -1

Instructions:

  1. Each question has four options (1), (2), (3), (4). Choose the most correct answer.
  2. Each correct answer carries 4 marks.
  3. Each wrong answer will deduct 1 marks.
  4. Unanswered questions will not be penalised.
1.Which option correctly describes Coordination Need according to the uploaded chapter?
(1)Figure 19.1 labels hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal, thymus, thyroid and parathyroid, pancreas, adrenal, ovary and testis.
(2)Neural coordination is slow, diffuse and long-lived; hormones provide continuous chemical coordination when all cells are not innervated.
(3)The endocrine pancreas consists of Islets of Langerhans.
(4)Neural coordination is point-to-point, rapid, fast but short-lived; hormones provide continuous chemical coordination when all cells are not innervated.
2.Which option correctly describes Hormone Definition according to the uploaded chapter?
(1)FSH stimulates growth and development of ovarian follicles in females.
(2)Hormones are non-nutrient chemicals that act as intercellular messengers and are produced in trace amounts.
(3)Vasopressin acts mainly at the kidney, stimulates water and electrolyte reabsorption by distal tubules and reduces diuresis; it is ADH.
(4)Hormones are nutrient chemicals that act as intercellular messengers and are produced in trace amounts.
3.Which option correctly describes Endocrine Glands according to the uploaded chapter?
(1)Androgens produce anabolic effects on protein and carbohydrate metabolism.
(2)Endocrine glands possess ducts and are therefore called ductless glands; their secretions are hormones.
(3)Insulin deficiency or resistance causes prolonged hyperglycemia leading to diabetes mellitus, glycosuria and ketone body formation.
(4)Endocrine glands lack ducts and are therefore called ductless glands; their secretions are hormones.
4.Which option correctly describes New Hormone Definition Scope according to the uploaded chapter?
(1)The chapter describes the current hormone definition includes molecules beyond those secreted by organised endocrine glands. as an exocrine ducted function only.
(2)The hypothalamus is the basal part of diencephalon of the forebrain and regulates a wide spectrum of body functions.
(3)Gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidney and heart also produce hormones.
(4)The current hormone definition includes molecules beyond those secreted by organised endocrine glands.
5.Which option correctly describes Animal Endocrine Complexity according to the uploaded chapter?
(1)The chapter describes invertebrates have simple endocrine systems with few hormones, whereas vertebrates use many hormone-like chemicals for coordination. as an exocrine ducted function only.
(2)Pancreas is a composite gland that functions as both an exocrine and endocrine gland.
(3)Adrenaline and noradrenaline are catecholamines and emergency or fight-or-flight hormones.
(4)Invertebrates have simple endocrine systems with few hormones, whereas vertebrates use many hormone-like chemicals for coordination.
6.Which option correctly describes Human Endocrine System according to the uploaded chapter?
(1)Androgens regulate male accessory sex organs such as epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland and urethra.
(2)The chapter describes the endocrine system includes endocrine glands and hormone-producing diffused tissues/cells located in different parts of the body. as an exocrine ducted function only.
(3)The endocrine system includes endocrine glands and hormone-producing diffused tissues/cells located in different parts of the body.
(4)Insulin is a peptide hormone and plays a major role in glucose homeostasis.
7.Which option correctly describes Organised Endocrine Bodies according to the uploaded chapter?
(1)Aldosterone helps maintain electrolytes, body fluid volume, osmotic pressure and blood pressure.
(2)The chapter describes pituitary, pineal, thyroid, adrenal, pancreas, parathyroid, thymus and gonads are organised endocrine bodies. as an exocrine ducted function only.
(3)Melatonin also influences metabolism, pigmentation, the menstrual cycle and defense capability.
(4)Pituitary, pineal, thyroid, adrenal, pancreas, parathyroid, thymus and gonads are organised endocrine bodies.
8.Which option correctly describes Other Hormone-Producing Organs according to the uploaded chapter?
(1)Cancer or nodules of thyroid gland may cause abnormally high thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion leading to hyperthyroidism.
(2)Melatonin also influences metabolism, pigmentation, the menstrual cycle and defense capability.
(3)Gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidney and heart also produce hormones.
(4)The chapter describes gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidney and heart also produce hormones. as an exocrine ducted function only.
9.Which option correctly describes Hypothalamus Location according to the uploaded chapter?
(1)Pars intermedia secretes melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH), and in humans it is almost merged with pars distalis.
(2)The hypothalamus is the basal part of diencephalon of the forebrain and has no role in regulating a wide spectrum of body functions.
(3)The hypothalamus is the basal part of diencephalon of the forebrain and regulates a wide spectrum of body functions.
(4)Adenohypophysis consists of pars distalis and pars intermedia.
10.Which option correctly describes Hypothalamic Nuclei according to the uploaded chapter?
(1)The thyroid gland secretes thyrocalcitonin (TCT), a protein hormone that regulates blood calcium levels.
(2)The chapter describes the hypothalamus contains groups of neurosecretory cells called nuclei that produce hormones. as an exocrine ducted function only.
(3)The hypothalamus contains groups of neurosecretory cells called nuclei that produce hormones.
(4)Hormone receptors on the cell membrane are membrane-bound receptors.
11.Which option correctly describes Hypothalamic Hormone Types according to the uploaded chapter?
(1)Corticoids that regulate water and electrolyte balance are mineralocorticoids; aldosterone is the main one.
(2)Hypothalamic hormones are of two types: digestive enzymes and inhibiting hormones.
(3)Hypothalamic hormones are of two types: releasing hormones and inhibiting hormones.
(4)Over-secretion of growth hormone stimulates abnormal body growth leading to gigantism.
12.Which option correctly describes GnRH Function according to the uploaded chapter?
(1)Gonadotrophin releasing hormone inhibits pituitary synthesis and release of gonadotrophins.
(2)Gonadotrophin releasing hormone stimulates pituitary synthesis and release of gonadotrophins.
(3)Insulin is a peptide hormone and plays a major role in glucose homeostasis.
(4)Several non-endocrine tissues secrete growth factors essential for normal growth and tissue repair/regeneration.
13.Which option correctly describes Somatostatin Function according to the uploaded chapter?
(1)Somatostatin from the hypothalamus stimulates release of growth hormone from the pituitary.
(2)Figure 19.1 labels hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal, thymus, thyroid and parathyroid, pancreas, adrenal, ovary and testis.
(3)Androgens stimulate spermatogenesis and influence male sexual behaviour/libido.
(4)Somatostatin from the hypothalamus inhibits release of growth hormone from the pituitary.
14.Which option correctly describes Hypothalamic Portal System according to the uploaded chapter?
(1)Hypothalamic hormones reach the pituitary through a portal circulatory system to regulate the posterior pituitary.
(2)Progesterone supports pregnancy and stimulates mammary alveoli formation and milk secretion.
(3)Dietary iodine deficiency causes hypothyroidism and enlargement of the thyroid gland called goitre.
(4)Hypothalamic hormones reach the pituitary through a portal circulatory system to regulate the anterior pituitary.
15.Which option correctly describes Posterior Pituitary Control according to the uploaded chapter?
(1)The posterior pituitary is under direct neural regulation of the hypothalamus.
(2)The anterior pituitary is under direct neural regulation of the hypothalamus.
(3)PTH acts on bones and stimulates bone resorption/dissolution/demineralisation.
(4)Each thyroid follicle has follicular cells enclosing a cavity; follicular cells synthesise T4 and T3.
16.Which option correctly describes Figure 19.1 Labels according to the uploaded chapter?
(1)The thyroid gland secretes thyrocalcitonin (TCT), a protein hormone that regulates blood calcium levels.
(2)The chapter describes figure 19.1 labels hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal, thymus, thyroid and parathyroid, pancreas, adrenal, ovary and testis. as an exocrine ducted function only.
(3)Figure 19.1 labels hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal, thymus, thyroid and parathyroid, pancreas, adrenal, ovary and testis.
(4)Excess growth hormone in adults, especially middle age, can cause acromegaly with severe disfigurement and serious complications.
17.Which option correctly describes Pituitary Location according to the uploaded chapter?
(1)The chapter describes the pituitary gland lies in the bony cavity sella tursica and is attached to the hypothalamus by a stalk. as an exocrine ducted function only.
(2)Gastrointestinal endocrine cells secrete gastrin, secretin, cholecystokinin (CCK) and gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP).
(3)Secretin acts on exocrine pancreas and stimulates secretion of water and bicarbonate ions.
(4)The pituitary gland lies in the bony cavity sella tursica and is attached to the hypothalamus by a stalk.
18.Which option correctly describes Pituitary Divisions according to the uploaded chapter?
(1)Insulin stimulates conversion of glucose to glycogen in target cells and also influences protein and fat metabolism.
(2)Hormones act on target tissues by binding to specific proteins called hormone receptors located only in target tissues.
(3)The pituitary is divided anatomically into adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis.
(4)The pituitary is divided anatomically into neurohypophysis and neurohypophysis.
19.Which option correctly describes Adenohypophysis Parts according to the uploaded chapter?
(1)Adenohypophysis consists of pars distalis and pars intermedia.
(2)PTH acts on bones and stimulates bone resorption/dissolution/demineralisation.
(3)Catecholamines are rapidly secreted during stress/emergency and increase alertness, pupillary dilation, piloerection and sweating.
(4)The chapter describes adenohypophysis consists of pars distalis and pars intermedia. as an exocrine ducted function only.
20.Which option correctly describes Pars Distalis Hormones according to the uploaded chapter?
(1)Pars distalis/posterior pituitary produces GH, PRL, TSH, ACTH, LH and FSH.
(2)Hormones binding membrane-bound receptors usually do not enter the target cell but generate second messengers like cAMP, IP3 and Ca2+.
(3)Steroid hormones and iodothyronines interact with intracellular receptors and regulate gene expression or chromosome function via the genome.
(4)Pars distalis/anterior pituitary produces GH, PRL, TSH, ACTH, LH and FSH.
21.Which option correctly describes Pars Intermedia Hormone according to the uploaded chapter?
(1)Pars intermedia stores only melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH), and in humans it is almost merged with pars distalis.
(2)Adrenal cortex layers are zona reticularis (inner), zona fasciculata (middle) and zona glomerulosa (outer).
(3)Pars intermedia secretes melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH), and in humans it is almost merged with pars distalis.
(4)Thymosins help differentiation of T-lymphocytes, which provide cell-mediated immunity.
22.Which option correctly describes Neurohypophysis Hormones according to the uploaded chapter?
(1)GIP inhibits gastric secretion and motility.
(2)Neurohypophysis/pars nervosa/anterior pituitary stores and releases oxytocin and vasopressin synthesized by the hypothalamus.
(3)Neurohypophysis/pars nervosa/posterior pituitary stores and releases oxytocin and vasopressin synthesized by the hypothalamus.
(4)Testis acts as a primary sex organ and as an endocrine gland.
23.Which option correctly describes GH Excess Child according to the uploaded chapter?
(1)Catecholamines stimulate glycogen breakdown raising blood glucose and also stimulate breakdown of lipids and proteins.
(2)Over-secretion of growth hormone inhibits abnormal body growth leading to gigantism.
(3)Over-secretion of growth hormone stimulates abnormal body growth leading to gigantism.
(4)After ovulation, the ruptured follicle becomes corpus luteum, which mainly secretes progesterone.
24.Which option correctly describes GH Deficiency according to the uploaded chapter?
(1)Low secretion of growth hormone results in stunted growth called pituitary dwarfism.
(2)Low secretion of thyroid hormone results in stunted growth called pituitary dwarfism.
(3)Humans have four parathyroid glands on the back side of the thyroid, one pair in each thyroid lobe.
(4)Pineal secretes melatonin, which regulates 24-hour/diurnal rhythms such as sleep-wake cycle and body temperature.
25.Which option correctly describes GH Excess Adult according to the uploaded chapter?
(1)Excess thyroid hormone in adults, especially middle age, can cause acromegaly with severe disfigurement and serious complications.
(2)Adrenal cortex layers are zona reticularis (inner), zona fasciculata (middle) and zona glomerulosa (outer).
(3)Excess growth hormone in adults, especially middle age, can cause acromegaly with severe disfigurement and serious complications.
(4)Androgens regulate male accessory sex organs such as epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland and urethra.
26.Which option correctly describes Prolactin Function according to the uploaded chapter?
(1)Prolactin regulates growth of thyroid follicles and formation of milk.
(2)Glucagon acts mainly on hepatocytes and stimulates glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis, causing hyperglycemia.
(3)Alpha cells of islets secrete glucagon and beta cells secrete insulin.
(4)Prolactin regulates growth of mammary glands and formation of milk.
27.Which option correctly describes TSH Function according to the uploaded chapter?
(1)TSH stimulates synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones from the thyroid gland.
(2)Ovary produces two groups of steroid hormones: estrogen and progesterone.
(3)The thyroid gland has two lobes located on either side of the trachea, interconnected by a thin connective tissue flap called isthmus.
(4)TSH inhibits synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones from the thyroid gland.
28.Which option correctly describes ACTH Function according to the uploaded chapter?
(1)ACTH stimulates synthesis and secretion of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex.
(2)Androgens stimulate spermatogenesis and influence male sexual behaviour/libido.
(3)ACTH inhibits synthesis and secretion of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex.
(4)The hypothalamus is the basal part of diencephalon of the forebrain and regulates a wide spectrum of body functions.
29.Which option correctly describes LH and FSH Identity according to the uploaded chapter?
(1)LH and FSH stimulate gonadal activity and are therefore called mineralocorticoids.
(2)Parathyroid glands secrete peptide hormone PTH; PTH secretion is regulated by circulating calcium ion levels.
(3)Insulin acts mainly on hepatocytes and adipocytes, increasing cellular glucose uptake and utilization, lowering blood glucose.
(4)LH and FSH stimulate gonadal activity and are therefore called gonadotrophins.
30.Which option correctly describes LH in Males according to the uploaded chapter?
(1)In males, LH stimulates synthesis and secretion of androgens from the testis.
(2)In males, LH inhibits synthesis and secretion of androgens from the testis.
(3)Insulin stimulates conversion of glucose to glycogen in target cells and also influences protein and fat metabolism.
(4)Gastrointestinal endocrine cells secrete gastrin, secretin, cholecystokinin (CCK) and gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP).
31.Identify the correct statements according to the uploaded chapter.

A. In females, LH induces glycogenolysis of fully mature Graafian follicles and maintains the corpus luteum.
B. FSH stimulates growth and development of ovarian follicles in females.
C. In females, LH induces ovulation of fully mature Graafian follicles and maintains the corpus luteum.
D. In males, FSH and androgens regulate spermatogenesis.
(1)B, D only
(2)B, C, D only
(3)C, D only
(4)B, C only
32.Identify the correct statements according to the uploaded chapter.

A. Oxytocin stimulates contraction of smooth muscles, vigorous uterine contraction during childbirth and milk ejection from mammary glands.
B. MSH acts on melanocytes and regulates skin pigmentation.
C. Vasopressin acts mainly at the kidney, inhibits water and electrolyte reabsorption by distal tubules and reduces diuresis; it is ADH.
D. Vasopressin acts mainly at the kidney, stimulates water and electrolyte reabsorption by distal tubules and reduces diuresis; it is ADH.
(1)B, D only
(2)A, B only
(3)A, D only
(4)A, B, D only
33.Identify the correct statements according to the uploaded chapter.

A. Pineal secretes melatonin, which regulates 24-hour/diurnal rhythms such as sleep-wake cycle and body temperature.
B. Impaired synthesis or release of ADH causes diminished water conservation by kidneys, water loss, dehydration and diabetes mellitus.
C. Impaired synthesis or release of ADH causes diminished water conservation by kidneys, water loss, dehydration and diabetes insipidus.
D. The pineal gland is located on the dorsal side of the forebrain.
(1)C, D only
(2)A, C, D only
(3)A, D only
(4)A, C only
34.Identify the correct statements according to the uploaded chapter.

A. The thyroid gland has four lobes located on either side of the trachea, interconnected by a thin connective tissue flap called isthmus.
B. Melatonin also influences metabolism, pigmentation, the menstrual cycle and defense capability.
C. The thyroid gland has two lobes located on either side of the trachea, interconnected by a thin connective tissue flap called isthmus.
D. The thyroid gland is composed of follicles and stromal tissues.
(1)C, D only
(2)B, D only
(3)B, C only
(4)B, C, D only
35.Identify the correct statements according to the uploaded chapter.

A. Dietary iodine deficiency causes hyperthyroidism and enlargement of the thyroid gland called goitre.
B. Dietary iodine deficiency causes hypothyroidism and enlargement of the thyroid gland called goitre.
C. Each thyroid follicle has follicular cells enclosing a cavity; follicular cells synthesise T4 and T3.
D. Iodine is essential for the normal rate of thyroid hormone synthesis.
(1)B, D only
(2)B, C only
(3)C, D only
(4)B, C, D only
36.Identify the correct statements according to the uploaded chapter.

A. In adult women, hypothyroidism may make the menstrual cycle irregular.
B. Hypothyroidism during pregnancy can cause defective development and maturation of the baby leading to acromegaly, mental retardation, low IQ, abnormal skin and deaf-mutism.
C. Cancer or nodules of thyroid gland may cause abnormally high thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion leading to hyperthyroidism.
D. Hypothyroidism during pregnancy can cause defective development and maturation of the baby leading to cretinism, mental retardation, low IQ, abnormal skin and deaf-mutism.
(1)A, C, D only
(2)C, D only
(3)A, D only
(4)A, C only
37.Identify the correct statements according to the uploaded chapter.

A. Exophthalmic goitre/Graves' disease is hyperthyroidism with enlarged thyroid, protruding eyeballs, increased BMR and weight loss.
B. Thyroid hormones influence maintenance of water and electrolyte balance.
C. The chapter describes thyroid hormones regulate basal metabolic rate, support RBC formation, and control carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism. as an exocrine ducted function only.
D. Thyroid hormones regulate basal metabolic rate, support RBC formation, and control carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism.
(1)B, D only
(2)A, B, D only
(3)A, D only
(4)A, B only
38.Identify the correct statements according to the uploaded chapter.

A. The thyroid gland secretes thyrocalcitonin (TCT), a protein hormone that regulates blood calcium levels.
B. The chapter describes parathyroid glands secrete peptide hormone PTH; PTH secretion is regulated by circulating calcium ion levels. as an exocrine ducted function only.
C. Humans have four parathyroid glands on the back side of the thyroid, one pair in each thyroid lobe.
D. Parathyroid glands secrete peptide hormone PTH; PTH secretion is regulated by circulating calcium ion levels.
(1)A, C, D only
(2)A, C only
(3)A, D only
(4)C, D only
39.Identify the correct statements according to the uploaded chapter.

A. PTH acts on bones and stimulates bone resorption/dissolution/demineralisation.
B. PTH stimulates Ca2+ reabsorption by renal tubules and increases Ca2+ absorption from digested food.
C. PTH decreases Ca2+ levels in blood and is therefore a hypercalcemic hormone.
D. PTH increases Ca2+ levels in blood and is therefore a hypercalcemic hormone.
(1)A, D only
(2)B, D only
(3)A, B only
(4)A, B, D only
40.Identify the correct statements according to the uploaded chapter.

A. The chapter describes thymus is a lobular structure located between the lungs behind the sternum on the ventral side of the aorta. as an exocrine ducted function only.
B. PTH and TCT together play a significant role in calcium balance in the body.
C. Thymus plays a major role in development of the immune system.
D. Thymus is a lobular structure located between the lungs behind the sternum on the ventral side of the aorta.
(1)B, C only
(2)B, D only
(3)C, D only
(4)B, C, D only
41.Identify the correct statements according to the uploaded chapter.

A. Thymosins promote antibody production to provide diuresis.
B. Thymosins promote antibody production to provide humoral immunity.
C. Thymus secretes peptide hormones called thymosins.
D. Thymosins help differentiation of T-lymphocytes, which provide cell-mediated immunity.
(1)B, C only
(2)C, D only
(3)B, C, D only
(4)B, D only
42.Identify the correct statements according to the uploaded chapter.

A. Thymus degenerates in old individuals, reducing thymosin production and weakening immune responses.
B. The body has one pair of adrenal glands, one above each kidney.
C. The chapter describes thymus degenerates in old individuals, reducing thymosin production and weakening immune responses. as an exocrine ducted function only.
D. The adrenal gland has centrally located adrenal medulla and outer adrenal cortex.
(1)B, D only
(2)A, B, D only
(3)A, D only
(4)A, B only
43.Identify the correct statements according to the uploaded chapter.

A. Adrenaline and noradrenaline are catecholamines and emergency or fight-or-flight hormones.
B. Adrenal medulla secretes adrenaline/epinephrine and noradrenaline/norepinephrine.
C. Underproduction of adrenal cortex hormones alters carbohydrate metabolism causing acute weakness and fatigue called Addison's disease.
D. Adrenal medulla secretes insulin and noradrenaline/norepinephrine.
(1)A, B only
(2)A, C only
(3)A, B, C only
(4)B, C only
44.Identify the correct statements according to the uploaded chapter.

A. Catecholamines stimulate glycogen formation only raising blood glucose and also stimulate breakdown of lipids and proteins.
B. Catecholamines increase heartbeat, strength of heart contraction and rate of respiration.
C. Catecholamines stimulate glycogen breakdown raising blood glucose and also stimulate breakdown of lipids and proteins.
D. Catecholamines are rapidly secreted during stress/emergency and increase alertness, pupillary dilation, piloerection and sweating.
(1)B, C, D only
(2)C, D only
(3)B, C only
(4)B, D only
45.Identify the correct statements according to the uploaded chapter.

A. Adrenal cortex secretes many hormones called corticoids.
B. Adrenal cortex layers are zona reticularis (inner), zona fasciculata (middle) and zona glomerulosa (outer).
C. Corticoids involved in carbohydrate metabolism are glucocorticoids; cortisol is the main glucocorticoid.
D. Adrenal cortex layers are zona glomerulosa (inner), zona fasciculata (middle) and zona reticularis (outer).
(1)A, C only
(2)A, B only
(3)B, C only
(4)A, B, C only
46.Identify the correct statements according to the uploaded chapter.

A. Glucocorticoids stimulate gluconeogenesis, lipolysis and proteolysis, and inhibit cellular uptake and utilization of amino acids.
B. Glucocorticoids stimulate glycogenesis only, lipolysis and proteolysis, and inhibit cellular uptake and utilization of amino acids.
C. Corticoids that regulate water and electrolyte balance are mineralocorticoids; aldosterone is the main one.
D. Cortisol helps maintain cardiovascular and kidney functions, produces anti-inflammatory reactions, suppresses immune response and stimulates RBC production.
(1)A, D only
(2)C, D only
(3)A, C, D only
(4)A, C only
47.Identify the correct statements according to the uploaded chapter.

A. Small amounts of adrenal cortical androgenic steroids help growth of axial, pubic and facial hair during puberty.
B. Aldosterone acts on renal tubules to reabsorb Na+ and water and excrete K+ and phosphate ions.
C. Small amounts of adrenal cortical androgenic carbohydrates help growth of axial, pubic and facial hair during puberty.
D. Aldosterone helps maintain electrolytes, body fluid volume, osmotic pressure and blood pressure.
(1)B, D only
(2)A, B, D only
(3)A, B only
(4)A, D only
48.Identify the correct statements according to the uploaded chapter.

A. There are about 1-2 million Islets of Langerhans representing only 1-2 percent of pancreatic tissue.
B. Pancreas is a composite gland that functions as both an neural and muscular gland.
C. The endocrine pancreas consists of Islets of Langerhans.
D. Pancreas is a composite gland that functions as both an exocrine and endocrine gland.
(1)A, C only
(2)C, D only
(3)A, D only
(4)A, C, D only
49.Identify the correct statements according to the uploaded chapter.

A. Glucagon is a peptide hormone and plays an important role in maintaining normal blood glucose levels.
B. Glucagon acts mainly on hepatocytes and stimulates glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis, causing hyperglycemia.
C. The chapter describes glucagon is a peptide hormone and plays an important role in maintaining normal blood glucose levels. as an exocrine ducted function only.
D. Alpha cells of islets secrete glucagon and beta cells secrete insulin.
(1)A, B, D only
(2)A, D only
(3)A, B only
(4)B, D only
50.Identify the correct statements according to the uploaded chapter.

A. Insulin stimulates conversion of glucose to glycogen in target cells and also influences protein and fat metabolism.
B. Insulin is a peptide hormone and plays a major role in glucose homeostasis.
C. Insulin inhibits conversion of glucose to glycogen in target cells and also influences protein and fat metabolism.
D. Insulin acts mainly on hepatocytes and adipocytes, increasing cellular glucose uptake and utilization, lowering blood glucose.
(1)A, D only
(2)A, B, D only
(3)B, D only
(4)A, B only
51.Identify the correct statements according to the uploaded chapter.

A. Insulin deficiency or resistance causes prolonged hyperglycemia leading to diabetes mellitus, glycosuria and ketone body formation.
B. A pair of testes is present in the scrotal sac outside the abdomen.
C. Diabetic patients are successfully treated with insulin therapy.
D. Insulin deficiency or resistance causes prolonged hypoglycemia leading to diabetes mellitus, glycosuria and ketone body formation.
(1)A, B, C only
(2)B, C only
(3)A, B only
(4)A, C only
52.Identify the correct statements according to the uploaded chapter.

A. Androgens regulate male accessory sex organs such as epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland and urethra.
B. Leydig/interstitial cells in intertubular spaces produce estrogens, mainly testosterone.
C. Testis acts as a primary sex organ and as an endocrine gland.
D. Leydig/interstitial cells in intertubular spaces produce androgens, mainly testosterone.
(1)C, D only
(2)A, D only
(3)A, C, D only
(4)A, C only
53.Identify the correct statements according to the uploaded chapter.

A. Androgens stimulate spermatogenesis and influence male sexual behaviour/libido.
B. The chapter describes androgens produce anabolic effects on protein and carbohydrate metabolism. as an exocrine ducted function only.
C. Androgens stimulate muscular growth, facial and axillary hair, aggressiveness and low pitch of voice.
D. Androgens produce anabolic effects on protein and carbohydrate metabolism.
(1)A, C only
(2)A, C, D only
(3)A, D only
(4)C, D only
54.Identify the correct statements according to the uploaded chapter.

A. The ovary is the primary female sex organ producing one ovum per menstrual cycle and also steroid hormones.
B. Females have a pair of testes located in the abdomen.
C. Ovary produces two groups of steroid hormones: estrogen and progesterone.
D. Females have a pair of ovaries located in the abdomen.
(1)C, D only
(2)A, D only
(3)A, C, D only
(4)A, C only
55.Identify the correct statements according to the uploaded chapter.

A. Estrogens stimulate female secondary sex organs, growing ovarian follicles, female secondary sex characters, mammary gland development and sexual behaviour.
B. Estrogen is secreted mainly by growing ovarian follicles.
C. After glycogenolysis, the ruptured follicle becomes corpus luteum, which mainly secretes progesterone.
D. After ovulation, the ruptured follicle becomes corpus luteum, which mainly secretes progesterone.
(1)B, D only
(2)A, B, D only
(3)A, D only
(4)A, B only
56.Identify the correct statements according to the uploaded chapter.

A. Juxtaglomerular cells of kidney produce peptide hormone erythropoietin, which inhibits erythropoiesis/RBC formation.
B. Juxtaglomerular cells of kidney produce peptide hormone erythropoietin, which stimulates erythropoiesis/RBC formation.
C. Atrial wall of the heart secretes peptide hormone atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), which decreases blood pressure by vasodilation.
D. Progesterone supports pregnancy and stimulates mammary alveoli formation and milk secretion.
(1)C, D only
(2)B, C only
(3)B, C, D only
(4)B, D only
57.Identify the correct statements according to the uploaded chapter.

A. Gastrointestinal endocrine cells secrete gastrin, secretin, cholecystokinin (CCK) and gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP).
B. Secretin acts on exocrine pancreas and stimulates secretion of water and bicarbonate ions.
C. Gastrointestinal endocrine cells secrete melatonin, secretin, cholecystokinin (CCK) and gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP).
D. Gastrin acts on gastric glands and stimulates secretion of hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen.
(1)A, B, D only
(2)B, D only
(3)A, D only
(4)A, B only
58.Identify the correct statements according to the uploaded chapter.

A. Several non-endocrine tissues secrete growth factors essential for normal growth and tissue repair/regeneration.
B. CCK acts on pancreas and gall bladder to stimulate pancreatic enzymes and bile juice, respectively.
C. GIP inhibits gastric secretion and motility.
D. GIP stimulates gastric secretion and motility.
(1)A, C only
(2)B, C only
(3)A, B only
(4)A, B, C only
59.Identify the correct statements according to the uploaded chapter.

A. Hormone receptors on the cell membrane are membrane-bound receptors.
B. Receptors present inside target cells are membrane-bound receptors, mostly nuclear receptors.
C. Receptors present inside target cells are intracellular receptors, mostly nuclear receptors.
D. Hormones act on target tissues by binding to specific proteins called hormone receptors located only in target tissues.
(1)C, D only
(2)A, C only
(3)A, C, D only
(4)A, D only
60.Identify the correct statements according to the uploaded chapter.

A. Hormones binding membrane-bound receptors usually do not enter the target cell but generate second messengers like cAMP, IP3 and Ca2+.
B. Hormones are chemically grouped as peptide/polypeptide/protein hormones, steroids, iodothyronines and amino-acid derivatives.
C. Binding of a hormone to its receptor forms a enzyme-substrate complex; each receptor is specific to one hormone.
D. Binding of a hormone to its receptor forms a hormone-receptor complex; each receptor is specific to one hormone.
(1)B, D only
(2)A, B only
(3)A, B, D only
(4)A, D only
61.Identify the correct statements according to the uploaded chapter.

A. Cumulative biochemical actions of hormones result in physiological and developmental effects.
B. Steroid hormones and iodothyronines interact with intracellular receptors and regulate gene expression or chromosome function via the genome.
C. Cumulative biochemical actions of hormones result in only digestive effects.
D. In males, FSH and androgens regulate spermatogenesis.
(1)A, B only
(2)A, B, D only
(3)B, D only
(4)A, D only
62.Identify the correct statements according to the uploaded chapter.

A. MSH acts on melanocytes and regulates skin pigmentation.
B. In females, LH induces ovulation of fully mature Graafian follicles and maintains the corpus luteum.
C. MSH acts on hepatocytes and regulates skin pigmentation.
D. FSH stimulates growth and development of ovarian follicles in females.
(1)A, B only
(2)B, D only
(3)A, D only
(4)A, B, D only
63.Identify the correct statements according to the uploaded chapter.

A. Oxytocin inhibits contraction of smooth muscles, vigorous uterine contraction during childbirth and milk ejection from mammary glands.
B. Oxytocin stimulates contraction of smooth muscles, vigorous uterine contraction during childbirth and milk ejection from mammary glands.
C. Vasopressin acts mainly at the kidney, stimulates water and electrolyte reabsorption by distal tubules and reduces diuresis; it is ADH.
D. Impaired synthesis or release of ADH causes diminished water conservation by kidneys, water loss, dehydration and diabetes insipidus.
(1)C, D only
(2)B, C only
(3)B, C, D only
(4)B, D only
64.Identify the correct statements according to the uploaded chapter.

A. Melatonin also influences metabolism, pigmentation, the menstrual cycle and defense capability.
B. The pineal gland is located on the dorsal side of the forebrain.
C. Pineal secretes melatonin, which regulates 24-hour/diurnal rhythms such as sleep-wake cycle and body temperature.
D. Pineal secretes thyroxine, which regulates 24-hour/diurnal rhythms such as sleep-wake cycle and body temperature.
(1)B, C only
(2)A, B only
(3)A, C only
(4)A, B, C only
65.Identify the correct statements according to the uploaded chapter.

A. The thyroid gland is composed of follicles and stromal tissues.
B. Each thyroid follicle has follicular cells enclosing a cavity; follicular cells synthesise PTH and TCT.
C. The thyroid gland has two lobes located on either side of the trachea, interconnected by a thin connective tissue flap called isthmus.
D. Each thyroid follicle has follicular cells enclosing a cavity; follicular cells synthesise T4 and T3.
(1)C, D only
(2)A, C only
(3)A, C, D only
(4)A, D only
66.Identify the correct statements according to the uploaded chapter.

A. Iodine is essential for the normal rate of thyroid hormone synthesis.
B. Calcium is essential for the normal rate of thyroid hormone synthesis.
C. Hypothyroidism during pregnancy can cause defective development and maturation of the baby leading to cretinism, mental retardation, low IQ, abnormal skin and deaf-mutism.
D. Dietary iodine deficiency causes hypothyroidism and enlargement of the thyroid gland called goitre.
(1)A, C only
(2)A, C, D only
(3)A, D only
(4)C, D only
67.Identify the correct statements according to the uploaded chapter.

A. Cancer or nodules of thyroid gland may cause abnormally high thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion leading to hyperthyroidism.
B. Exophthalmic goitre/Graves' disease is hyperthyroidism with enlarged thyroid, protruding eyeballs, increased BMR and weight loss.
C. The chapter describes cancer or nodules of thyroid gland may cause abnormally high thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion leading to hyperthyroidism. as an exocrine ducted function only.
D. In adult women, hypothyroidism may make the menstrual cycle irregular.
(1)A, D only
(2)B, D only
(3)A, B only
(4)A, B, D only
68.Identify the correct statements according to the uploaded chapter.

A. Thyroid hormones influence maintenance of water and electrolyte balance.
B. The thyroid gland secretes thyrocalcitonin (TCT), a protein hormone that regulates blood calcium levels.
C. Thyroid hormones regulate basal metabolic rate, support RBC formation, and control carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism.
D. The thyroid gland secretes parathyroid hormone (TCT), a protein hormone that regulates blood calcium levels.
(1)B, C only
(2)A, B, C only
(3)A, B only
(4)A, C only
69.Which of the following statements is incorrect according to the uploaded chapter?
(1)ACTH stimulates synthesis and secretion of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex.
(2)Neural coordination is slow, diffuse and long-lived; hormones provide continuous chemical coordination when all cells are not innervated.
(3)In adult women, hypothyroidism may make the menstrual cycle irregular.
(4)Receptors present inside target cells are intracellular receptors, mostly nuclear receptors.
70.Which of the following statements is incorrect according to the uploaded chapter?
(1)Pituitary, pineal, thyroid, adrenal, pancreas, parathyroid, thymus and gonads are organised endocrine bodies.
(2)Figure 19.1 labels hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal, thymus, thyroid and parathyroid, pancreas, adrenal, ovary and testis.
(3)The chapter describes the endocrine system includes endocrine glands and hormone-producing diffused tissues/cells located in different parts of the body. as an exocrine ducted function only.
(4)Gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidney and heart also produce hormones.
71.Which of the following statements is incorrect according to the uploaded chapter?
(1)The hypothalamus contains groups of neurosecretory cells called nuclei that produce hormones.
(2)Hypothalamic hormones are of two types: digestive enzymes and inhibiting hormones.
(3)Somatostatin from the hypothalamus inhibits release of growth hormone from the pituitary.
(4)The hypothalamus is the basal part of diencephalon of the forebrain and regulates a wide spectrum of body functions.
72.Which of the following statements is incorrect according to the uploaded chapter?
(1)The endocrine system includes endocrine glands and hormone-producing diffused tissues/cells located in different parts of the body.
(2)Pituitary, pineal, thyroid, adrenal, pancreas, parathyroid, thymus and gonads are organised endocrine bodies.
(3)The chapter describes figure 19.1 labels hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal, thymus, thyroid and parathyroid, pancreas, adrenal, ovary and testis. as an exocrine ducted function only.
(4)Gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidney and heart also produce hormones.
73.Which of the following statements is incorrect according to the uploaded chapter?
(1)In females, LH induces ovulation of fully mature Graafian follicles and maintains the corpus luteum.
(2)Pars intermedia stores only melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH), and in humans it is almost merged with pars distalis.
(3)Excess growth hormone in adults, especially middle age, can cause acromegaly with severe disfigurement and serious complications.
(4)Low secretion of growth hormone results in stunted growth called pituitary dwarfism.
74.Which of the following statements is incorrect according to the uploaded chapter?
(1)Prolactin regulates growth of thyroid follicles and formation of milk.
(2)The pituitary gland lies in the bony cavity sella tursica and is attached to the hypothalamus by a stalk.
(3)Low secretion of growth hormone results in stunted growth called pituitary dwarfism.
(4)Over-secretion of growth hormone stimulates abnormal body growth leading to gigantism.
75.Which of the following statements is incorrect according to the uploaded chapter?
(1)In males, FSH and estrogens regulate spermatogenesis.
(2)Adenohypophysis consists of pars distalis and pars intermedia.
(3)Excess growth hormone in adults, especially middle age, can cause acromegaly with severe disfigurement and serious complications.
(4)ACTH stimulates synthesis and secretion of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex.
76.Which of the following statements is incorrect according to the uploaded chapter?
(1)Vasopressin acts mainly at the kidney, inhibits water and electrolyte reabsorption by distal tubules and reduces diuresis; it is ADH.
(2)Excess growth hormone in adults, especially middle age, can cause acromegaly with severe disfigurement and serious complications.
(3)Pars distalis/anterior pituitary produces GH, PRL, TSH, ACTH, LH and FSH.
(4)The pituitary gland lies in the bony cavity sella tursica and is attached to the hypothalamus by a stalk.
77.Which of the following statements is incorrect according to the uploaded chapter?
(1)The thyroid gland has four lobes located on either side of the trachea, interconnected by a thin connective tissue flap called isthmus.
(2)The thyroid gland is composed of follicles and stromal tissues.
(3)Cancer or nodules of thyroid gland may cause abnormally high thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion leading to hyperthyroidism.
(4)Each thyroid follicle has follicular cells enclosing a cavity; follicular cells synthesise T4 and T3.
78.Which of the following statements is incorrect according to the uploaded chapter?
(1)Thyroid hormones influence maintenance of water and electrolyte balance.
(2)Thyroid hormones regulate basal metabolic rate, support RBC formation, and control carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism.
(3)Cancer or nodules of thyroid gland may cause abnormally high thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion leading to hyperthyroidism.
(4)Hypothyroidism during pregnancy can cause defective development and maturation of the baby leading to acromegaly, mental retardation, low IQ, abnormal skin and deaf-mutism.
79.Which of the following statements is incorrect according to the uploaded chapter?
(1)Dietary iodine deficiency causes hypothyroidism and enlargement of the thyroid gland called goitre.
(2)In adult women, hypothyroidism may make the menstrual cycle irregular.
(3)The thyroid gland has two lobes located on either side of the trachea, interconnected by a thin connective tissue flap called isthmus.
(4)The chapter describes thyroid hormones influence maintenance of water and electrolyte balance. as an exocrine ducted function only.
80.Which of the following statements is incorrect according to the uploaded chapter?
(1)PTH acts on bones and inhibits bone resorption/dissolution/demineralisation.
(2)PTH increases Ca2+ levels in blood and is therefore a hypercalcemic hormone.
(3)Humans have four parathyroid glands on the back side of the thyroid, one pair in each thyroid lobe.
(4)PTH stimulates Ca2+ reabsorption by renal tubules and increases Ca2+ absorption from digested food.
81.Which of the following statements is incorrect according to the uploaded chapter?
(1)Thymus stores only peptide hormones called thymosins.
(2)Thymus is a lobular structure located between the lungs behind the sternum on the ventral side of the aorta.
(3)Thymosins promote antibody production to provide humoral immunity.
(4)Thymosins help differentiation of T-lymphocytes, which provide cell-mediated immunity.
82.Which of the following statements is incorrect according to the uploaded chapter?
(1)Corticoids that regulate water and electrolyte balance are mineralocorticoids; aldosterone is the main one.
(2)The adrenal gland has centrally located adrenal medulla and outer adrenal medulla.
(3)Glucocorticoids stimulate gluconeogenesis, lipolysis and proteolysis, and inhibit cellular uptake and utilization of amino acids.
(4)Catecholamines stimulate glycogen breakdown raising blood glucose and also stimulate breakdown of lipids and proteins.
83.Which of the following statements is incorrect according to the uploaded chapter?
(1)Catecholamines stimulate glycogen breakdown raising blood glucose and also stimulate breakdown of lipids and proteins.
(2)The chapter describes catecholamines increase heartbeat, strength of heart contraction and rate of respiration. as an exocrine ducted function only.
(3)Small amounts of adrenal cortical androgenic steroids help growth of axial, pubic and facial hair during puberty.
(4)Corticoids that regulate water and electrolyte balance are mineralocorticoids; aldosterone is the main one.
84.Which of the following statements is incorrect according to the uploaded chapter?
(1)Adrenal cortex layers are zona reticularis (inner), zona fasciculata (middle) and zona glomerulosa (outer).
(2)Catecholamines increase heartbeat, strength of heart contraction and rate of respiration.
(3)Adrenal cortex secretes many hormones called corticoids.
(4)Corticoids that regulate water and electrolyte balance are mineralocorticoids; cortisol is the main one.
85.Which of the following statements is incorrect according to the uploaded chapter?
(1)Small amounts of adrenal cortical androgenic carbohydrates help growth of axial, pubic and facial hair during puberty.
(2)Glucocorticoids stimulate gluconeogenesis, lipolysis and proteolysis, and inhibit cellular uptake and utilization of amino acids.
(3)Catecholamines increase heartbeat, strength of heart contraction and rate of respiration.
(4)Aldosterone helps maintain electrolytes, body fluid volume, osmotic pressure and blood pressure.
86.Which of the following statements is incorrect according to the uploaded chapter?
(1)Diabetic patients are successfully treated with insulin therapy.
(2)The chapter describes glucagon is a peptide hormone and plays an important role in maintaining normal blood glucose levels. as an exocrine ducted function only.
(3)Alpha cells of islets secrete glucagon and beta cells secrete insulin.
(4)Insulin stimulates conversion of glucose to glycogen in target cells and also influences protein and fat metabolism.
87.Which of the following statements is incorrect according to the uploaded chapter?
(1)Insulin stimulates conversion of glucose to glycogen in target cells and also influences protein and fat metabolism.
(2)Glucagon is a peptide hormone and plays an important role in maintaining normal blood glucose levels.
(3)Glucagon acts mainly on hepatocytes and stimulates glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis, causing hyperglycemia.
(4)Insulin deficiency or resistance causes prolonged hypoglycemia leading to diabetes mellitus, glycosuria and ketone body formation.
88.Which of the following statements is incorrect according to the uploaded chapter?
(1)Testis acts as a primary sex organ and as an endocrine gland.
(2)Androgens produce anabolic effects on protein and carbohydrate metabolism.
(3)Androgens stimulate spermatogenesis and influence male sexual behaviour/libido.
(4)Androgens regulate male accessory sex organs such as oviduct, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland and urethra.
89.Which of the following statements is incorrect according to the uploaded chapter?
(1)Estrogens stimulate female secondary sex organs, growing ovarian follicles, female secondary sex characters, mammary gland development and sexual behaviour.
(2)The ovary is the primary female sex organ producing one sperm per menstrual cycle and also steroid hormones.
(3)After ovulation, the ruptured follicle becomes corpus luteum, which mainly secretes progesterone.
(4)Females have a pair of ovaries located in the abdomen.
90.Which of the following statements is incorrect according to the uploaded chapter?
(1)Estrogens stimulate female secondary sex organs, growing ovarian follicles, female secondary sex characters, mammary gland development and sexual behaviour.
(2)Estrogen is secreted mainly by growing ovarian follicles.
(3)Progesterone supports pregnancy and inhibits mammary alveoli formation and milk secretion.
(4)After ovulation, the ruptured follicle becomes corpus luteum, which mainly secretes progesterone.
91.Match List-I with List-II.
List-I: (A) GnRH (B) Somatostatin (C) TSH (D) ACTH
List-II: (i) Stimulates thyroid hormones (ii) Stimulates glucocorticoids (iii) Stimulates gonadotrophins (iv) Inhibits GH release
(1)A-iii, B-iv, C-i, D-ii
(2)A-iv, B-iii, C-i, D-ii
(3)A-iii, B-i, C-iv, D-ii
(4)A-ii, B-iv, C-iii, D-i
92.Match the pituitary part with its correct hormone/output.
List-I: (A) Pars distalis (B) Pars intermedia (C) Pars nervosa (D) Hypothalamus
List-II: (i) MSH (ii) Oxytocin and vasopressin release (iii) GH, PRL, TSH, ACTH, LH, FSH (iv) GnRH and somatostatin
(1)A-iii, B-i, C-ii, D-iv
(2)A-i, B-iii, C-iv, D-ii
(3)A-iii, B-ii, C-i, D-iv
(4)A-iv, B-i, C-ii, D-iii
93.Match the hormone with its principal target/effect.
List-I: (A) Prolactin (B) MSH (C) Oxytocin (D) Vasopressin
List-II: (i) Pigmentation (ii) Milk formation (iii) Water conservation (iv) Uterine contraction and milk ejection
(1)A-ii, B-i, C-iv, D-iii
(2)A-iv, B-i, C-ii, D-iii
(3)A-ii, B-iii, C-iv, D-i
(4)A-i, B-ii, C-iii, D-iv
94.Match the disorder with the hormonal condition.
List-I: (A) Gigantism (B) Pituitary dwarfism (C) Acromegaly (D) Diabetes insipidus
List-II: (i) Low GH in childhood (ii) Excess GH in adults (iii) Over-secretion of GH during growth period (iv) Impaired ADH synthesis/release
(1)A-iii, B-i, C-ii, D-iv
(2)A-i, B-iii, C-ii, D-iv
(3)A-iii, B-iv, C-ii, D-i
(4)A-ii, B-i, C-iii, D-iv
95.Match thyroid/parathyroid facts.
List-I: (A) Isthmus (B) T4/T3 (C) TCT (D) PTH
List-II: (i) Thyroid follicular cells (ii) Interconnects thyroid lobes (iii) Hypercalcemic hormone (iv) Protein hormone regulating blood calcium
(1)A-ii, B-i, C-iv, D-iii
(2)A-i, B-ii, C-iii, D-iv
(3)A-ii, B-iv, C-i, D-iii
(4)A-iii, B-i, C-iv, D-ii
96.Match the disease/condition with its description.
List-I: (A) Goitre (B) Cretinism (C) Hyperthyroidism (D) Graves' disease
List-II: (i) Thyroid enlargement due to iodine deficiency/hypothyroidism (ii) Pregnancy hypothyroidism effect on baby (iii) Abnormally high thyroid hormone secretion (iv) Exophthalmic goitre with protruding eyeballs
(1)A-i, B-ii, C-iii, D-iv
(2)A-ii, B-i, C-iii, D-iv
(3)A-i, B-iii, C-ii, D-iv
(4)A-iv, B-ii, C-iii, D-i
97.Match thymus-related terms.
List-I: (A) Thymosins (B) T-lymphocytes (C) Humoral immunity (D) Old age thymus
List-II: (i) Antibody production (ii) Decreased thymosin and weak immunity (iii) Peptide hormones of thymus (iv) Cell-mediated immunity
(1)A-iii, B-iv, C-i, D-ii
(2)A-i, B-iv, C-iii, D-ii
(3)A-iii, B-i, C-iv, D-ii
(4)A-ii, B-iv, C-i, D-iii
98.Match adrenal regions/hormones.
List-I: (A) Adrenal medulla (B) Adrenal cortex (C) Cortisol (D) Aldosterone
List-II: (i) Main mineralocorticoid (ii) Main glucocorticoid (iii) Catecholamines (iv) Corticoids
(1)A-iii, B-iv, C-ii, D-i
(2)A-iv, B-iii, C-ii, D-i
(3)A-iii, B-i, C-iv, D-ii
(4)A-ii, B-iv, C-iii, D-i
99.Match adrenal actions.
List-I: (A) Catecholamines (B) Glucocorticoids (C) Cortisol (D) Aldosterone
List-II: (i) Anti-inflammatory and immune suppression (ii) Fight-or-flight responses (iii) Na+ and water reabsorption (iv) Gluconeogenesis, lipolysis and proteolysis
(1)A-ii, B-iv, C-i, D-iii
(2)A-iv, B-ii, C-i, D-iii
(3)A-ii, B-iii, C-i, D-iv
(4)A-i, B-iv, C-ii, D-iii
100.Match pancreatic cells/hormones.
List-I: (A) Alpha cells (B) Beta cells (C) Glucagon (D) Insulin
List-II: (i) Hypoglycemic effect (ii) Hyperglycemic effect (iii) Secrete insulin (iv) Secrete glucagon
(1)A-iv, B-iii, C-ii, D-i
(2)A-iii, B-iv, C-ii, D-i
(3)A-iv, B-iii, C-i, D-ii
(4)A-ii, B-i, C-iv, D-iii
101.Match gonadal cells/structures.
List-I: (A) Leydig cells (B) Growing ovarian follicles (C) Corpus luteum (D) Testis
List-II: (i) Dual sex organ/endocrine gland (ii) Estrogen source (iii) Progesterone source (iv) Androgen source
(1)A-iv, B-ii, C-iii, D-i
(2)A-ii, B-iv, C-iii, D-i
(3)A-iv, B-iii, C-ii, D-i
(4)A-i, B-ii, C-iv, D-iii
102.Match male androgen effects.
List-I: (A) Accessory sex organs (B) Secondary characters (C) Spermatogenesis (D) Anabolic effects
List-II: (i) Protein and carbohydrate metabolism (ii) Formation of spermatozoa (iii) Epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate, urethra (iv) Facial/axillary hair and low pitch of voice
(1)A-iii, B-iv, C-ii, D-i
(2)A-iv, B-iii, C-ii, D-i
(3)A-iii, B-i, C-ii, D-iv
(4)A-ii, B-iv, C-iii, D-i
103.Match ovarian hormones/actions.
List-I: (A) Estrogen (B) Progesterone (C) Ovary (D) Ruptured follicle
List-II: (i) Corpus luteum (ii) Female secondary sex characters and mammary development (iii) Pregnancy support and mammary alveoli (iv) One ovum per menstrual cycle
(1)A-ii, B-iii, C-iv, D-i
(2)A-iii, B-ii, C-iv, D-i
(3)A-ii, B-i, C-iv, D-iii
(4)A-iv, B-iii, C-ii, D-i
104.Match non-classical endocrine hormones.
List-I: (A) ANF (B) Erythropoietin (C) Gastrin (D) Secretin
List-II: (i) Water and bicarbonate from exocrine pancreas (ii) RBC formation (iii) Blood pressure decrease (iv) HCl and pepsinogen secretion
(1)A-iii, B-ii, C-iv, D-i
(2)A-ii, B-iii, C-iv, D-i
(3)A-iii, B-i, C-iv, D-ii
(4)A-iv, B-ii, C-iii, D-i
105.Match GI hormones.
List-I: (A) Gastrin (B) Secretin (C) CCK (D) GIP
List-II: (i) Inhibits gastric secretion and motility (ii) HCl and pepsinogen (iii) Pancreatic enzymes and bile juice (iv) Water and bicarbonate ions
(1)A-ii, B-iv, C-iii, D-i
(2)A-iv, B-ii, C-iii, D-i
(3)A-ii, B-iv, C-i, D-iii
(4)A-i, B-iv, C-iii, D-ii
106.Match receptor/mechanism terms.
List-I: (A) Hormone receptor (B) Membrane-bound receptor (C) Intracellular receptor (D) Hormone-receptor complex
List-II: (i) Specific complex after binding (ii) Inside target cell, mostly nuclear (iii) Specific target-tissue protein (iv) On cell membrane
(1)A-iii, B-iv, C-ii, D-i
(2)A-iv, B-iii, C-ii, D-i
(3)A-iii, B-ii, C-iv, D-i
(4)A-i, B-iv, C-ii, D-iii
107.Match chemical classes with examples.
List-I: (A) Peptide/protein hormones (B) Steroids (C) Iodothyronines (D) Amino-acid derivatives
List-II: (i) Epinephrine (ii) Thyroid hormones (iii) Insulin/glucagon/pituitary hormones (iv) Cortisol/testosterone/estradiol/progesterone
(1)A-iii, B-iv, C-ii, D-i
(2)A-iv, B-iii, C-ii, D-i
(3)A-iii, B-i, C-ii, D-iv
(4)A-ii, B-iv, C-iii, D-i
108.Match mechanism with hormone category.
List-I: (A) Protein hormone mechanism (B) Steroid hormone mechanism (C) Second messengers (D) Final outcome
List-II: (i) Physiological/developmental effects (ii) cAMP, IP3 and Ca2+ (iii) Does not normally enter target cell (iv) Gene expression/chromosome function
(1)A-iii, B-iv, C-ii, D-i
(2)A-iv, B-iii, C-ii, D-i
(3)A-iii, B-ii, C-iv, D-i
(4)A-i, B-iv, C-ii, D-iii
109.Assertion A: Hypothalamic hormones can regulate the anterior pituitary through a portal circulatory system.
Reason R: The posterior pituitary is under direct neural regulation of the hypothalamus.
(1)Both Assertion A and Reason R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(2)Both Assertion A and Reason R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(3)Assertion A is true, but Reason R is false.
(4)Assertion A is false, but Reason R is true.
110.Assertion A: Pars nervosa stores and releases oxytocin and vasopressin.
Reason R: These hormones are actually synthesised by the hypothalamus and transported axonally to neurohypophysis.
(1)Both Assertion A and Reason R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(2)Both Assertion A and Reason R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(3)Assertion A is true, but Reason R is false.
(4)Assertion A is false, but Reason R is true.
111.Assertion A: Excess GH in adults can lead to acromegaly.
Reason R: In adults, excess GH mainly produces stunted growth known as pituitary dwarfism.
(1)Both Assertion A and Reason R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(2)Both Assertion A and Reason R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(3)Assertion A is true, but Reason R is false.
(4)Assertion A is false, but Reason R is true.
112.Assertion A: Vasopressin is also called anti-diuretic hormone.
Reason R: It stimulates resorption of water and electrolytes by distal tubules and reduces loss of water through urine.
(1)Both Assertion A and Reason R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(2)Both Assertion A and Reason R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(3)Assertion A is true, but Reason R is false.
(4)Assertion A is false, but Reason R is true.
113.Assertion A: Melatonin helps maintain sleep-wake rhythm.
Reason R: Melatonin is secreted by the thyroid follicles along with T3 and T4.
(1)Both Assertion A and Reason R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(2)Both Assertion A and Reason R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(3)Assertion A is true, but Reason R is false.
(4)Assertion A is false, but Reason R is true.
114.Assertion A: Iodine deficiency may result in goitre.
Reason R: Iodine is essential for the normal rate of thyroid hormone synthesis.
(1)Both Assertion A and Reason R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(2)Both Assertion A and Reason R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(3)Assertion A is true, but Reason R is false.
(4)Assertion A is false, but Reason R is true.
115.Assertion A: PTH is a hypercalcemic hormone.
Reason R: PTH stimulates bone resorption and increases Ca2+ reabsorption/absorption.
(1)Both Assertion A and Reason R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(2)Both Assertion A and Reason R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(3)Assertion A is true, but Reason R is false.
(4)Assertion A is false, but Reason R is true.
116.Assertion A: Thymosins support both cell-mediated and humoral immunity.
Reason R: Thymosins help T-lymphocyte differentiation and promote antibody production.
(1)Both Assertion A and Reason R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(2)Both Assertion A and Reason R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(3)Assertion A is true, but Reason R is false.
(4)Assertion A is false, but Reason R is true.
117.Assertion A: Adrenaline and noradrenaline are called fight-or-flight hormones.
Reason R: They are rapidly secreted during stress and emergency situations.
(1)Both Assertion A and Reason R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(2)Both Assertion A and Reason R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(3)Assertion A is true, but Reason R is false.
(4)Assertion A is false, but Reason R is true.
118.Assertion A: Aldosterone helps maintain blood pressure.
Reason R: Aldosterone acts on renal tubules to promote Na+ and water reabsorption.
(1)Both Assertion A and Reason R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(2)Both Assertion A and Reason R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(3)Assertion A is true, but Reason R is false.
(4)Assertion A is false, but Reason R is true.
119.Assertion A: Glucagon is hyperglycemic.
Reason R: Glucagon stimulates glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in hepatocytes.
(1)Both Assertion A and Reason R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(2)Both Assertion A and Reason R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(3)Assertion A is true, but Reason R is false.
(4)Assertion A is false, but Reason R is true.
120.Assertion A: Insulin lowers blood glucose.
Reason R: Insulin reduces cellular glucose uptake in hepatocytes and adipocytes.
(1)Both Assertion A and Reason R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(2)Both Assertion A and Reason R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(3)Assertion A is true, but Reason R is false.
(4)Assertion A is false, but Reason R is true.
121.Assertion A: Corpus luteum mainly secretes progesterone after ovulation.
Reason R: The ruptured follicle is converted into corpus luteum.
(1)Both Assertion A and Reason R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(2)Both Assertion A and Reason R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(3)Assertion A is true, but Reason R is false.
(4)Assertion A is false, but Reason R is true.
122.Assertion A: ANF decreases blood pressure.
Reason R: When blood pressure increases, ANF causes dilation of blood vessels.
(1)Both Assertion A and Reason R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(2)Both Assertion A and Reason R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(3)Assertion A is true, but Reason R is false.
(4)Assertion A is false, but Reason R is true.
123.Assertion A: Steroid hormones and iodothyronines generally act through intracellular receptors.
Reason R: Their hormone-receptor complexes regulate gene expression or chromosome function.
(1)Both Assertion A and Reason R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(2)Both Assertion A and Reason R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(3)Assertion A is true, but Reason R is false.
(4)Assertion A is false, but Reason R is true.
124.Based on Figure 19.1 location labels, which set contains only organised endocrine bodies shown in the human endocrine system diagram?
(1)Pituitary, pineal, thyroid, adrenal, pancreas, parathyroid, thymus and gonads
(2)Heart, liver, kidney, gastric glands and trachea
(3)Hypothalamus, liver, gall bladder, spleen and kidney
(4)Stomach, duodenum, lung, kidney and heart
125.In the pituitary-hypothalamus relationship diagram (Figure 19.2), which arrangement is correct?
(1)Hypothalamic neurons -> portal circulation -> anterior pituitary
(2)Anterior pituitary -> axonal transport -> hypothalamic neurons
(3)Posterior pituitary -> portal circulation -> thyroid follicles
(4)Pars intermedia -> direct neural regulation -> adrenal medulla
126.Figure 19.2 shows posterior pituitary close to hypothalamic neurons. Which inference is correct?
(1)Oxytocin and vasopressin are synthesized in hypothalamus and transported axonally to neurohypophysis
(2)TSH and ACTH are synthesized in posterior pituitary and carried to hypothalamus
(3)MSH is synthesized by adrenal medulla and stored in pars nervosa
(4)All pituitary hormones are released only through the portal system
127.In Figure 19.3, the thyroid and parathyroid positions are represented ventrally and dorsally. Which statement is correct?
(1)Thyroid lobes lie on either side of trachea, while parathyroids are on the back side of thyroid
(2)Parathyroids lie on the ventral surface of the sternum and secrete melatonin
(3)Thyroid has four glands, one pair on each lobe of parathyroid
(4)Parathyroids secrete T4 and T3 through follicular cells
128.Using Figure 19.4, which label-function pair is correctly interpreted?
(1)Adrenal medulla - catecholamines
(2)Adrenal cortex - insulin
(3)Kidney - TSH
(4)Adrenal medulla - PTH
129.Figure 19.4 shows the adrenal gland above kidney. Which statement would be a wrong label-based conclusion?
(1)The adrenal cortex is centrally located and adrenal medulla is outermost
(2)Each adrenal gland lies above a kidney
(3)The medulla and cortex are two tissue regions of adrenal gland
(4)Adrenal cortex can underproduce hormones causing Addison's disease
130.Based on the hormone-action mechanism diagram (Figure 19.5a), which sequence fits protein hormone action?
(1)Hormone binds membrane receptor -> second messenger generation -> cellular metabolism regulation
(2)Hormone enters nucleus directly -> binds genome -> no receptor specificity
(3)Hormone binds adrenal cortex -> secretes T3/T4 -> calcium balance
(4)Hormone receptor complex forms before the hormone reaches target tissue
131.Based on Figure 19.5b, which feature suits steroid hormone action?
(1)Intracellular receptor interaction followed by regulation of gene expression/chromosome function
(2)Mandatory second messenger action without entering target cells
(3)Direct stimulation of pancreatic bicarbonate secretion
(4)Only action on gastric motility with no receptor complex
132.Which diagram-based label pairing is incorrect?
(1)Figure 19.1 - parathyroid located inside pancreas
(2)Figure 19.2 - hypothalamic neurons related to pituitary
(3)Figure 19.3 - thyroid/parathyroid relationship
(4)Figure 19.4 - adrenal gland above kidney
133.The source PDF's diagrams support which comparison?
(1)Thyroid-parathyroid are anatomically close, while adrenal is placed above kidney
(2)Pineal and adrenal cortex are the two lobes of thyroid
(3)Pituitary is in pancreas and releases insulin
(4)Parathyroid is the same as pars intermedia
134.Which table/process-style pairing is correct for GI hormones?
(1)CCK - pancreas and gall bladder - pancreatic enzymes and bile juice
(2)Secretin - gastric glands - HCl and pepsinogen
(3)GIP - kidney - erythropoiesis
(4)Gastrin - exocrine pancreas - water and bicarbonate
135.Which process sequence is most accurate for prolonged insulin deficiency/resistance?
(1)Reduced insulin effect -> prolonged hyperglycemia -> glycosuria and ketone body formation -> insulin therapy may be used
(2)Excess insulin effect -> hypoglycemia -> goitre -> TCT therapy
(3)Reduced glucagon effect -> erythropoiesis -> vasodilation -> Addison's disease
(4)Excess ADH -> water loss -> diabetes mellitus -> bicarbonate secretion
136.Select the option containing correct hormone-source-action combinations only.
A. PTH - parathyroid - increases blood Ca2+
B. TCT - thyroid - regulates blood calcium
C. ANF - atrial wall - decreases blood pressure
D. Erythropoietin - kidney JG cells - stimulates erythropoiesis
E. GIP - adrenal cortex - stimulates cortisol
(1)A, B, C and D only
(2)A, C and E only
(3)B, D and E only
(4)A, B and E only
137.Select the correct combination of pituitary statements.
A. Pars distalis produces GH, PRL, TSH, ACTH, LH and FSH.
B. Pars intermedia secretes MSH.
C. Neurohypophysis synthesizes oxytocin and vasopressin independently of hypothalamus.
D. LH and FSH are called gonadotrophins.
E. ACTH targets adrenal medulla for catecholamines.
(1)A, B and D only
(2)A, C and E only
(3)B, C and D only
(4)A, B, D and E only
138.Choose the correct combination about thyroid/parathyroid regulation.
A. Iodine is essential for normal thyroid hormone synthesis.
B. Goitre can result from iodine deficiency.
C. PTH decreases blood calcium by inhibiting bone resorption.
D. Exophthalmic goitre is a form of hyperthyroidism.
E. Thyroid hormones influence water and electrolyte balance.
(1)A, B, D and E only
(2)A, C and D only
(3)B, C and E only
(4)A, B and C only
139.Select the correct adrenal cortex/medulla combination.
A. Medulla secretes catecholamines.
B. Cortex secretes corticoids.
C. Aldosterone promotes Na+ and water reabsorption.
D. Cortisol is the main mineralocorticoid.
E. Zona reticularis is the inner layer.
(1)A, B, C and E only
(2)A, C and D only
(3)B, D and E only
(4)A, B and D only
140.Which combination correctly compares insulin and glucagon?
A. Glucagon is hyperglycemic.
B. Insulin is hypoglycemic.
C. Glucagon stimulates glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis.
D. Insulin stimulates glycogenesis.
E. Beta cells secrete glucagon.
(1)A, B, C and D only
(2)A, C and E only
(3)B, D and E only
(4)A, B, C, D and E
141.Select the option with correct gonadal statements only.
A. Leydig cells produce androgens mainly testosterone.
B. Androgens stimulate spermatogenesis and male sexual behaviour.
C. Estrogen is secreted mainly by growing ovarian follicles.
D. Corpus luteum mainly secretes progesterone.
E. Progesterone is mainly responsible for low pitch of voice in males.
(1)A, B, C and D only
(2)A, C and E only
(3)B, D and E only
(4)A, B and E only
142.Select the correct receptor-action combination.
A. Hormone receptors are specific proteins in target tissues.
B. Membrane-bound receptor hormones usually generate second messengers.
C. Steroid hormones and iodothyronines mostly regulate gene expression/chromosome function.
D. Every receptor is non-specific and binds all hormones.
E. Second messengers include cAMP, IP3 and Ca2+.
(1)A, B, C and E only
(2)A, C and D only
(3)B, D and E only
(4)A, B and D only
143.Choose the option with correct immune/endocrine pairs only.
A. Thymosins - T-lymphocyte differentiation
B. Thymosins - antibody production
C. Melatonin - sleep-wake rhythm
D. ADH impairment - diabetes insipidus
E. Prolactin - glucocorticoid secretion
(1)A, B, C and D only
(2)A, C and E only
(3)B, D and E only
(4)A, B and E only
144.A student has high water loss through urine and dehydration because kidneys cannot conserve water properly. Which hormonal defect best matches the chapter?
(1)Impaired ADH synthesis or release
(2)Excess TCT secretion
(3)Deficiency of gastrin
(4)Excess insulin secretion
145.During a sudden emergency, a person shows increased alertness, dilated pupils, sweating, faster heartbeat and increased respiration. Which hormones explain this response?
(1)Adrenaline and noradrenaline
(2)Insulin and glucagon
(3)Estrogen and progesterone
(4)PTH and TCT
146.A pregnant woman has severe hypothyroidism due to iodine deficiency. Which effect on the baby is consistent with the chapter?
(1)Defective development and maturation leading to cretinism and mental retardation
(2)Rapid development of thymosins and stronger immunity
(3)Increased insulin secretion causing hypoglycemia only
(4)Immediate Addison's disease due to adrenal cortex failure
147.If blood pressure rises and a peptide hormone from the atrial wall causes vasodilation, which hormone is being described?
(1)Atrial natriuretic factor
(2)Erythropoietin
(3)Gastrin
(4)Vasopressin
148.A student confuses diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus. Which option separates them correctly from the chapter?
(1)Diabetes mellitus involves insulin deficiency/resistance and hyperglycemia; diabetes insipidus involves impaired ADH and water loss
(2)Diabetes mellitus is due to excess ADH; diabetes insipidus is due to excess insulin
(3)Both are caused by iodine deficiency and thyroid enlargement
(4)Both are treated primarily by gastrin and secretin
149.A hormone acts on gastric glands and stimulates secretion of HCl and pepsinogen. Which option correctly identifies this hormone from similar GI options?
(1)Secretin, because it acts on exocrine pancreas for water and bicarbonate
(2)Gastrin, because it acts on gastric glands
(3)GIP, because it inhibits gastric secretion and motility
(4)CCK, because it acts on pancreas and gall bladder
150.A hormone-receptor complex enters the genomic level of control and mostly regulates gene expression/chromosome function. Which class best fits this mechanism?
(1)Steroid hormones and iodothyronines
(2)All peptide hormones acting through membrane receptors
(3)Gastrin and GIP only through gastric glands
(4)Catecholamines only through pancreatic beta cells
NEET ]150[ Contd...

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