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NEET ]1[ Contd...

NEET Biology - Photosynthesis in Higher Plants

Duration: 150 minutesTotal Marks: 600Questions: 150Negative Marking: -1

Instructions:

  1. Each question has four options (1), (2), (3), (4). Choose the most correct answer.
  2. Each correct answer carries 4 marks.
  3. Each wrong answer will deduct 1 marks.
  4. Unanswered questions will not be penalised.
1.Which of the following statements is correct according to the chapter?
(1)Developmental processes are governed by only extrinsic/internal and extrinsic/external factors.
(2)Development is the sum of two processes: respiration and transpiration.
(3)In dicots and gymnosperms, lateral mature permanent tissues appear later in life.
(4)Development is the sum of two processes: growth and differentiation.
2.Which of the following statements is correct according to the chapter?
(1)Vascular cambium and cork cambium are lateral mature permanent tissues.
(2)Growth is an reversible temporary increase in size of an organ, its parts, or an individual cell.
(3)A mature plant develops from a zygote through a precise and highly ordered succession of events.
(4)A mature plant develops from a zygote through a random and unordered succession of events.
3.Which of the following statements is correct according to the chapter?
(1)The chapter states that this statement is not applicable: During development, a complex body organisation forms roots, leaves, branches, flowers, fruits and seeds, and eventually these die.
(2)Lateral mature permanent tissues cause increase in girth of organs in which they are active.
(3)The chapter states that this statement is not applicable: Growth is generally accompanied by anabolic and catabolic metabolic processes at the expense of energy.
(4)During development, a complex body organisation forms roots, leaves, branches, flowers, fruits and seeds, and eventually these die.
4.Which of the following statements is correct according to the chapter?
(1)The chapter states that this statement is not applicable: The first step in plant growth is seed germination.
(2)The chapter states that this statement is not applicable: Expansion of a leaf is an example of growth.
(3)The first step in plant growth is seed germination.
(4)Increase in girth caused by lateral mature permanent tissues is secondary growth.
5.Which of the following statements is correct according to the chapter?
(1)The chapter states that this statement is not applicable: Seeds germinate when favourable environmental conditions for growth exist.
(2)Swelling of wood in carbon dioxide is not treated as true growth because it is not a permanent living increase.
(3)At cellular level, growth is principally a consequence of increase in cell wall only.
(4)Seeds germinate when favourable environmental conditions for growth exist.
6.Which of the following statements is correct according to the chapter?
(1)In the absence of unfavourable conditions, seeds do not germinate and enter suspended growth or rest.
(2)Since cell wall only is difficult to measure directly, proportional parameters are measured.
(3)Plants retain the capacity for limited growth throughout life.
(4)In the absence of favourable conditions, seeds do not germinate and enter suspended growth or rest.
7.Which of the following statements is correct according to the chapter?
(1)Unlimited growth in plants is due to mature permanent tissues at certain locations in the plant body.
(2)When unfavourable conditions return, seeds resume metabolic activities and growth takes place.
(3)When favourable conditions return, seeds resume metabolic activities and growth takes place.
(4)Growth may be measured as increase in only height and colour.
8.Which of the following statements is correct according to the chapter?
(1)Developmental processes are governed by only extrinsic/internal and extrinsic/external factors.
(2)One maize leaf epidermis can produce more than 17,500 new cells per hour.
(3)Developmental processes are governed by intrinsic/internal and extrinsic/external factors.
(4)Meristematic cells have the capacity to only elongate and never divide.
9.Which of the following statements is correct according to the chapter?
(1)Growth is an irreversible permanent increase in size of an organ, its parts, or an individual cell.
(2)Products of mature permanent tissues soon lose the capacity to divide and make up the plant body.
(3)Growth is an reversible temporary increase in size of an organ, its parts, or an individual cell.
(4)Cells in a watermelon may increase in size by up to 35,000 times.
10.Which of the following statements is correct according to the chapter?
(1)The closed form of growth means new cells are continuously added by meristem activity.
(2)Maize leaf epidermis example expresses growth as increase in cell number.
(3)Growth is generally accompanied by anabolic and catabolic metabolic processes at the expense of energy.
(4)The chapter states that this statement is not applicable: Growth is generally accompanied by anabolic and catabolic metabolic processes at the expense of energy.
11.Which of the following statements is correct according to the chapter?
(1)Root apical and shoot apical mature permanent tissues are responsible for primary growth.
(2)The chapter states that this statement is not applicable: Expansion of a leaf is an example of growth.
(3)Watermelon cell example expresses growth as increase in cell number only.
(4)Expansion of a leaf is an example of growth.
12.Which of the following statements is correct according to the chapter?
(1)Growth of a dorsiventral leaf is measured in terms of length.
(2)Primary growth principally contributes to fruit ripening of plants along their axis.
(3)Swelling of wood in carbon dioxide is not treated as true growth because it is not a permanent living increase.
(4)Swelling of wood in water is not treated as true growth because it is not a permanent living increase.
13.Which of the following statements is correct according to the chapter?
(1)Growth of a dorsiventral leaf is denoted by increase in length only.
(2)Plants retain the capacity for limited growth throughout life.
(3)Plants retain the capacity for unlimited growth throughout life.
(4)In dicots and gymnosperms, lateral mature permanent tissues appear later in life.
14.Which of the following statements is correct according to the chapter?
(1)Vascular cambium and cork cambium are lateral mature permanent tissues.
(2)The period of growth is generally divided into meristematic, fruit ripening and maturation phases.
(3)Unlimited growth in plants is due to mature permanent tissues at certain locations in the plant body.
(4)Unlimited growth in plants is due to meristems at certain locations in the plant body.
15.Which of the following statements is correct according to the chapter?
(1)Meristematic cells have the capacity to divide and self-perpetuate.
(2)Meristematic cells have the capacity to only elongate and never divide.
(3)Constantly dividing cells at root apex and shoot apex represent the maturation phase.
(4)Lateral mature permanent tissues cause increase in girth of organs in which they are active.
16.Which of the following statements is correct according to the chapter?
(1)Cells in the meristematic phase are rich in cell wall only and possess large conspicuous nuclei.
(2)Products of meristems soon lose the capacity to divide and make up the plant body.
(3)Increase in girth caused by lateral mature permanent tissues is secondary growth.
(4)Products of mature permanent tissues soon lose the capacity to divide and make up the plant body.
17.Which of the following statements is correct according to the chapter?
(1)The closed form of growth means new cells are continuously added by meristem activity.
(2)Meristematic-phase cell walls are secondary, thin, cellulosic and have abundant plasmodesmatal connections.
(3)At cellular level, growth is principally a consequence of increase in cell wall only.
(4)The open form of growth means new cells are continuously added by meristem activity.
18.Which of the following statements is correct according to the chapter?
(1)Root apical and shoot apical mature permanent tissues are responsible for primary growth.
(2)Cells proximal to the meristematic zone represent the phase of fruit ripening.
(3)Root apical and shoot apical meristems are responsible for primary growth.
(4)Since cell wall only is difficult to measure directly, proportional parameters are measured.
19.Which of the following statements is correct according to the chapter?
(1)Increased vacuolation, cell enlargement and new cell wall deposition are features of the fruit ripening phase.
(2)Growth may be measured as increase in only height and colour.
(3)Primary growth principally contributes to fruit ripening of plants along their axis.
(4)Primary growth principally contributes to elongation of plants along their axis.
20.Which of the following statements is correct according to the chapter?
(1)In dicots and gymnosperms, lateral meristems appear later in life.
(2)In dicots and gymnosperms, lateral mature permanent tissues appear later in life.
(3)One maize leaf epidermis can produce more than 17,500 new cells per hour.
(4)More proximal to the fruit ripening phase lies the maturation phase.
21.Which of the following statements is correct according to the chapter?
(1)Vascular cambium and cork cambium are lateral meristems.
(2)Cells in a watermelon may increase in size by up to 35,000 times.
(3)Maturation-phase cells attain maximal size in terms of wall thickening and cell wall onlyic modifications.
(4)Vascular cambium and cork cambium are lateral mature permanent tissues.
22.Which of the following statements is correct according to the chapter?
(1)Lateral meristems cause increase in girth of organs in which they are active.
(2)The chapter states that this statement is not applicable: Most tissues and cell types studied earlier represent the maturation phase.
(3)Maize leaf epidermis example expresses growth as increase in cell number.
(4)Lateral mature permanent tissues cause increase in girth of organs in which they are active.
23.Which of the following statements is correct according to the chapter?
(1)Increase in girth caused by lateral mature permanent tissues is secondary growth.
(2)Increased size at one fixed time only is called growth rate.
(3)Watermelon cell example expresses growth as increase in cell number only.
(4)Increase in girth caused by lateral meristems is secondary growth.
24.Which of the following statements is correct according to the chapter?
(1)Growth of a dorsiventral leaf is measured in terms of length.
(2)The chapter states that this statement is not applicable: Growth rate can be expressed mathematically.
(3)At cellular level, growth is principally a consequence of increase in protoplasm.
(4)At cellular level, growth is principally a consequence of increase in cell wall only.
25.Which of the following statements is correct according to the chapter?
(1)Growth of a dorsiventral leaf is denoted by increase in length only.
(2)Since protoplasm is difficult to measure directly, proportional parameters are measured.
(3)Since cell wall only is difficult to measure directly, proportional parameters are measured.
(4)Growth rate may be random or geometrical.
26.Which of the following statements is correct according to the chapter?
(1)Growth may be measured as increase in only height and colour.
(2)In random growth, after mitotic division only one daughter cell continues to divide while the other differentiates and matures.
(3)Growth may be measured as increase in fresh weight, dry weight, length, area, volume and cell number.
(4)The period of growth is generally divided into meristematic, fruit ripening and maturation phases.
27.Which of the following statements is correct according to the chapter?
(1)Root elongating at a constant rate exemplifies random growth.
(2)Constantly dividing cells at root apex and shoot apex represent the maturation phase.
(3)One maize leaf epidermis can produce more than 17,500 new cells per hour.
(4)One maize root apical meristem can produce more than 17,500 new cells per hour.
28.Which of the following statements is correct according to the chapter?
(1)Cells in a watermelon may increase in size by up to 35,000 times.
(2)Plotting organ surface area against time in arithmetic growth gives a linear curve.
(3)Cells in a watermelon may increase in size by up to 3,50,000 times.
(4)Cells in the meristematic phase are rich in cell wall only and possess large conspicuous nuclei.
29.Which of the following statements is correct according to the chapter?
(1)Arithmetic growth is expressed as W1 = W0 ert.
(2)Maize leaf epidermis example expresses growth as increase in cell number.
(3)Maize root apical meristem example expresses growth as increase in cell number.
(4)Meristematic-phase cell walls are secondary, thin, cellulosic and have abundant plasmodesmatal connections.
30.Which of the following statements is correct according to the chapter?
(1)Watermelon cell example expresses growth as increase in cell size.
(2)Watermelon cell example expresses growth as increase in cell number only.
(3)Cells proximal to the meristematic zone represent the phase of fruit ripening.
(4)In Lt = L0 + rt, Lt is surface area at time t.
31.Identify the correct statements from A-D.
A. Growth of a pollen tube is measured in terms of length.
B. Growth of a dorsiventral leaf is denoted by increase in surface area.
C. The period of growth is generally divided into meristematic, fruit ripening and maturation phases.
D. Constantly dividing cells at root apex and shoot apex represent the meristematic phase.
(1)A, D only
(2)A, B, D only
(3)B, D only
(4)A, B only
32.Identify the correct statements from A-D.
A. Cells in the meristematic phase are rich in protoplasm and possess large conspicuous nuclei.
B. Meristematic-phase cell walls are primary, thin, cellulosic and have abundant plasmodesmatal connections.
C. Cells proximal to the meristematic zone represent the phase of fruit ripening.
D. Increased vacuolation, cell enlargement and new cell wall deposition are features of the elongation phase.
(1)A, B, D only
(2)B, D only
(3)A, D only
(4)A, B only
33.Identify the correct statements from A-D.
A. More proximal to the elongation phase lies the maturation phase.
B. Maturation-phase cells attain maximal size in terms of wall thickening and protoplasmic modifications.
C. The chapter states that this statement is not applicable: Most tissues and cell types studied earlier represent the maturation phase.
D. Increased growth per unit time is called growth rate.
(1)A, B, D only
(2)A, B only
(3)A, D only
(4)B, D only
34.Identify the correct statements from A-D.
A. Growth rate can be expressed mathematically.
B. Growth rate may be arithmetic or geometrical.
C. In random growth, after mitotic division only one daughter cell continues to divide while the other differentiates and matures.
D. Root elongating at a constant rate exemplifies arithmetic growth.
(1)A, B only
(2)B, D only
(3)A, B, D only
(4)A, D only
35.Identify the correct statements from A-D.
A. Plotting organ length against time in arithmetic growth gives a linear curve.
B. Arithmetic growth is expressed as Lt = L0 + rt.
C. In Lt = L0 + rt, Lt is surface area at time t.
D. In Lt = L0 + rt, L0 is length at time zero.
(1)A, B only
(2)A, D only
(3)A, B, D only
(4)B, D only
36.Identify the correct statements from A-D.
A. In Lt = L0 + rt, r is growth rate or elongation per unit time.
B. In geometrical growth, initial growth is slow and is called the lag phase.
C. After lag phase, linear only growth increases rapidly at an exponential rate called log/exponential phase.
D. In geometrical growth, both progeny cells retain ability to divide and continue dividing.
(1)A, B only
(2)A, D only
(3)B, D only
(4)A, B, D only
37.Identify the correct statements from A-D.
A. With limited nutrient supply, growth slows down and leads to stationary phase.
B. Plotting growth parameter against time in such growth gives a sigmoid or S-curve.
C. The chapter states that this statement is not applicable: A sigmoid curve is characteristic of a living organism growing in a natural environment.
D. Sigmoid growth is typical for cells, tissues and organs of a plant.
(1)A, B only
(2)A, B, D only
(3)A, D only
(4)B, D only
38.Identify the correct statements from A-D.
A. Exponential growth is expressed as W1 = W0 ert.
B. In W1 = W0 ert, W1 is final size and W0 is initial size at beginning of the period.
C. In Lt = L0 + rt, r is growth rate, t is time of growth and e is base of natural logarithms.
D. In exponential growth, r is the relative growth rate.
(1)A, B, D only
(2)A, D only
(3)A, B only
(4)B, D only
39.Identify the correct statements from A-D.
A. Relative growth rate is also a measure of ability to produce new plant material and is called efficiency index.
B. Final size in exponential growth depends on initial size W0.
C. Absolute growth rate is measurement and comparison of total size at one fixed time only.
D. Relative growth rate is growth per unit time expressed on a common basis such as per unit initial parameter.
(1)A, B only
(2)A, B, D only
(3)B, D only
(4)A, D only
40.Identify the correct statements from A-D.
A. Two leaves may show the same absolute increase but different relative growth rates.
B. The smaller initial leaf shows higher relative growth rate for the same absolute increase in area.
C. The chapter states that this statement is not applicable: Water, oxygen and nutrients are essential elements for growth.
D. Plant cells grow in size by cell enlargement, which requires water.
(1)B, D only
(2)A, B only
(3)A, D only
(4)A, B, D only
41.Identify the correct statements from A-D.
A. Turgidity of cells helps in extension growth.
B. Plant growth and further development are intimately linked to plant water status.
C. Water provides the medium for genetic code replication only needed for growth.
D. Oxygen helps release metabolic energy essential for growth activities.
(1)B, D only
(2)A, B only
(3)A, B, D only
(4)A, D only
42.Identify the correct statements from A-D.
A. Nutrients, including macro and micro essential elements, are required for synthesis of protoplasm and act as energy source.
B. Every plant organism has an optimum temperature range best suited for growth.
C. Deviation from the single freezing temperature can be detrimental to survival.
D. Environmental signals such as light and gravity affect certain phases or stages of growth.
(1)A, D only
(2)A, B only
(3)A, B, D only
(4)B, D only
43.Identify the correct statements from A-D.
A. Cells from root apical meristem, shoot apical meristem and cambium differentiate and mature to perform specific functions.
B. The act leading to maturation is called differentiation.
C. During differentiation, cells undergo structural changes in cell walls and cell wall only.
D. During tracheary element formation, cells lose their protoplasm.
(1)B, D only
(2)A, B only
(3)A, D only
(4)A, B, D only
44.Identify the correct statements from A-D.
A. Tracheary elements develop strong, elastic, lignocellulosic secondary cell walls.
B. Tracheary elements carry water to long distances even under extreme tension.
C. The chapter states that this statement is not applicable: Living differentiated cells that have lost division capacity can regain capacity to divide under certain conditions.
D. Regaining capacity to divide by differentiated cells is called dedifferentiation.
(1)B, D only
(2)A, B, D only
(3)A, D only
(4)A, B only
45.Identify the correct statements from A-D.
A. Interfascicular cambium and cork cambium can form from fully differentiated parenchyma cells.
B. Meristems/tissues formed by dedifferentiation can divide and produce cells that mature and redifferentiate.
C. Redifferentiated cells once again lose capacity to divide but mature to perform no specific functions.
D. Growth in plants is open and may be indeterminate or determinate.
(1)A, B only
(2)A, B, D only
(3)B, D only
(4)A, D only
46.Identify the correct statements from A-D.
A. Differentiation in plants is also open because cells/tissues from the same meristem may have different mature structures.
B. Final structure at maturity of a cell/tissue is also determined by its location.
C. Cells positioned away from root apical mature permanent tissues differentiate as root-cap cells.
D. Cells pushed to the periphery mature as epidermis.
(1)A, D only
(2)A, B, D only
(3)B, D only
(4)A, B only
47.Identify the correct statements from A-D.
A. Development includes all changes during the life cycle from seed germination to senescence.
B. Figure 13.8 represents the sequence of developmental processes in a higher plant cell and also applies to tissues/organs.
C. The developmental sequence includes cell division, plasmatic growth, expansion/fruit ripening, differentiation, maturation, senescence and death.
D. Plants can follow different developmental pathways in response to environment or phases of life.
(1)B, D only
(2)A, B only
(3)A, D only
(4)A, B, D only
48.Identify the correct statements from A-D.
A. This ability to form different structures through different pathways is called plasticity.
B. Heterophylly in cotton, coriander and larkspur is an example of plasticity.
C. In wheat, rice and maize, juvenile leaves differ in shape from mature leaves.
D. In buttercup, leaves produced in air differ from those produced in water due to environment.
(1)A, B only
(2)A, D only
(3)A, B, D only
(4)B, D only
49.Identify the correct statements from A-D.
A. Heterophylly is an example of plasticity.
B. Growth, differentiation and development are closely related events in plant life.
C. Broadly, development is the sum of respiration and transpiration.
D. Development in plants is under control of intrinsic and extrinsic factors.
(1)B, D only
(2)A, B, D only
(3)A, B only
(4)A, D only
50.Identify the correct statements from A-D.
A. Intrinsic factors include intracellular genetic factors and intercellular chemicals such as PGRs.
B. Extrinsic factors include light, temperature, water, oxygen and nutrition.
C. Plant growth regulators are large complex proteins only of diverse chemical composition.
D. IAA is an indole compound plant growth regulator.
(1)A, B only
(2)A, D only
(3)B, D only
(4)A, B, D only
51.Identify the correct statements from A-D.
A. Kinetin is an adenine derivative plant growth regulator.
B. ABA is a derivative of carotenoids.
C. ABA is a terpene.
D. Ethylene is a gaseous PGR with formula C2H4.
(1)B, D only
(2)A, B only
(3)A, D only
(4)A, B, D only
52.Identify the correct statements from A-D.
A. PGRs are also called plant growth substances, plant hormones or phytohormones.
B. One PGR group promotes growth activities such as cell division, cell enlargement, pattern formation, tropic growth, flowering, fruiting and seed formation.
C. Cytokinins, gibberellins and cytokinins are plant growth promoters.
D. Another PGR group is involved in responses to wounds and stresses of biotic and abiotic origin.
(1)A, B only
(2)B, D only
(3)A, D only
(4)A, B, D only
53.Identify the correct statements from A-D.
A. Growth inhibitors are involved in dormancy and abscission.
B. Abscisic acid belongs to the inhibitor/stress response group.
C. Ethylene can fit either group but is only a promoter of growth activities.
D. Discovery of each of the five major PGR groups was accidental.
(1)A, B, D only
(2)B, D only
(3)A, D only
(4)A, B only
54.Identify the correct statements from A-D.
A. Charles Darwin and Francis Darwin observed phototropic response in coleoptiles of canary grass.
B. Canary grass coleoptiles grew towards unilateral light, showing phototropism.
C. The chapter states that this statement is not applicable: The coleoptile tip was concluded to be the site of transmissible influence causing bending.
D. F.W. Went isolated auxin from tips of coleoptiles of oat seedlings.
(1)A, B, D only
(2)A, D only
(3)B, D only
(4)A, B only
55.Identify the correct statements from A-D.
A. Bakanae disease of rice seedlings was caused by Gibberella fujikuroi.
B. E. Kurosawa in 1926 reported symptoms when rice seedlings were treated with sterile fungal filtrates.
C. The active substance from Gibberella was later identified as abscisic acid.
D. F. Skoog and co-workers observed callus proliferation from tobacco internodal segments under specific supplements.
(1)B, D only
(2)A, B, D only
(3)A, D only
(4)A, B only
56.Identify the correct statements from A-D.
A. Callus proliferated only when auxin-containing nutrient medium was supplemented with vascular tissue extract, yeast extract, coconut milk or DNA.
B. Miller et al. in 1955 identified and crystallised kinetin, a cytokinesis-promoting substance.
C. Inhibitor-B, abscission II and dormin were later proved chemically unrelated and named ABA.
D. H.H. Cousins in 1910 confirmed a volatile substance from ripened oranges hastened ripening of stored unripened bananas.
(1)A, B, D only
(2)B, D only
(3)A, B only
(4)A, D only
57.Identify the correct statements from A-D.
A. That volatile substance was later identified as ethylene.
B. Auxins derive their name from Greek auxein meaning 'to grow'.
C. Auxin was first isolated from herring sperm DNA.
D. The term auxin applies to IAA and other natural/synthetic compounds with growth-regulating properties.
(1)A, B, D only
(2)A, B only
(3)A, D only
(4)B, D only
58.Identify the correct statements from A-D.
A. Auxins are generally produced by growing apices of stems and roots.
B. Auxins migrate from production sites to regions of action.
C. GA3 and IBA are natural auxins isolated from plants.
D. NAA and 2,4-D are synthetic auxins.
(1)A, B only
(2)A, D only
(3)B, D only
(4)A, B, D only
59.Identify the correct statements from A-D.
A. Auxins are extensively used in agricultural and horticultural practices.
B. Auxins initiate rooting in stem cuttings and are used for plant propagation.
C. Cytokinins promote flowering in pineapple.
D. Auxins prevent fruit and leaf drop at early stages.
(1)A, D only
(2)B, D only
(3)A, B only
(4)A, B, D only
60.Identify the correct statements from A-D.
A. Auxins promote abscission of older mature leaves and fruits.
B. In apical dominance, the growing apical bud inhibits growth of lateral/axillary buds.
C. The chapter states that this statement is not applicable: Decapitation/removal of shoot tips usually causes lateral buds to grow.
D. Decapitation is applied in tea plantations and hedge-making.
(1)B, D only
(2)A, B, D only
(3)A, D only
(4)A, B only
61.Identify the correct statements from A-D.
A. Auxins induce parthenocarpy in tomatoes.
B. Cytokinins are used as herbicides.
C. 2,4-D kills dicotyledonous weeds but does not affect mature monocotyledonous plants.
D. 2,4-D is used to prepare apical hooks.
(1)A only
(2)C only
(3)A, B, C only
(4)A, C only
62.Identify the correct statements from A-D.
A. Auxin controls xylem differentiation and helps in cell division.
B. Auxins are promotory PGRs.
C. More than 100 gibberellins are reported from organisms such as fungi and higher plants.
D. Auxins are denoted GA1, GA2, GA3 and so on.
(1)A, B, C only
(2)C only
(3)A, C only
(4)A only
63.Identify the correct statements from A-D.
A. GA3 was one of the first gibberellins discovered and remains the most intensively studied.
B. All gibberellins are basic.
C. Gibberellins increase length of axis and are used to increase grape stalk length.
D. Auxins elongate apples and improve shape.
(1)A only
(2)A, B, C only
(3)A, C only
(4)C only
64.Identify the correct statements from A-D.
A. Gibberellins delay senescence and extend market period of fruits.
B. ABA speeds up malting process in brewing industry.
C. Spraying sugarcane with gibberellins increases stem length and yield by as much as 20 tonnes per acre.
D. Spraying mature mango trees with GAs hastens maturity period and leads to early seed production.
(1)A, C only
(2)A only
(3)A, B, C only
(4)C only
65.Identify the correct statements from A-D.
A. Gibberellins promote bolting before flowering in beet, cabbage and many rosette plants.
B. Gibberellins have specific effects on cytokinesis.
C. Cytokinins were discovered as kinetin, a modified form of adenine/purine.
D. Kinetin was obtained from ripened oranges and does not occur naturally in plants.
(1)A, B, C only
(2)A, C only
(3)C only
(4)A only
66.Identify the correct statements from A-D.
A. Zeatin was isolated from corn kernels and coconut milk.
B. Natural cytokinins are synthesised in regions of rapid seed desiccation such as root apices, developing shoot buds and young fruits.
C. Cytokinins help produce new leaves, chloroplasts in leaves, lateral shoot growth and adventitious shoot formation.
D. Cytokinins help overcome bolting.
(1)C only
(2)A only
(3)A, C only
(4)A, B, C only
67.Identify the correct statements from A-D.
A. Cytokinins promote nutrient mobilisation and delay leaf senescence.
B. Ethylene is a solid steroid PGR.
C. Ethylene is synthesised in large amounts by senescing tissues and ripening fruits.
D. Ethylene causes vertical bolting only, swelling of axis and apical hook formation in dicot seedlings.
(1)A only
(2)C only
(3)A, C only
(4)A, B, C only
68.Identify the correct statements from A-D.
A. Ethylene promotes senescence and abscission of plant organs, especially leaves and flowers.
B. Ethylene is highly effective in seed desiccation only.
C. Ethylene enhances respiration rate during fruit ripening; this rise is respiratory climactic.
D. Ethylene induces permanent dormancy.
(1)A, B, C only
(2)A only
(3)C only
(4)A, C only
69.Which of the following statements is incorrect?
(1)Ethylene initiates germination in tomato fruits and sprouting of potato tubers.
(2)Ethylene induces flowering in mango.
(3)Ethylene promotes rapid internode/petiole elongation in deep water rice, keeping shoots above water.
(4)Ethylene promotes rapid internode/petiole elongation in deep water rice, keeping shoots above water.
70.Which of the following statements is incorrect?
(1)Ethylene initiates flowering and synchronises fruit-set in pineapples.
(2)Ethylene promotes root growth and leaf abscission only, increasing absorption surface.
(3)Ethylene initiates flowering and synchronises fruit-set in pineapples.
(4)Ethephon is the most widely used compound as source of ethylene.
71.Which of the following statements is incorrect?
(1)Ethylene is one of the most widely used PGRs in agriculture.
(2)Ethylene is one of the most widely used PGRs in agriculture.
(3)Ethephon hastens fruit ripening in tomatoes and apples.
(4)Ethylene induces flowering in beet.
72.Which of the following statements is incorrect?
(1)Ethephon is absorbed and transported in aqueous solution and slowly releases ethylene.
(2)Ethephon promotes female flowers in cucumber and increases yield.
(3)Ethephon is the most widely used compound as source of auxin.
(4)Ethephon is absorbed and transported in aqueous solution and slowly releases ethylene.
73.Which of the following statements is incorrect?
(1)Ethephon accelerates abscission in flowers and fruits for thinning of cotton, cherry and walnut.
(2)ABA has wide-ranging effects on plant growth and development.
(3)Ethephon hastens fruit ripening in beet and apples.
(4)Ethephon accelerates abscission in flowers and fruits for thinning of cotton, cherry and walnut.
74.Which of the following statements is incorrect?
(1)ABA was discovered for its role in regulating abscission and dormancy.
(2)The chapter states that this statement is not applicable: Ethephon promotes female flowers in cucumber and increases yield.
(3)ABA inhibits seed germination.
(4)ABA was discovered for its role in regulating abscission and dormancy.
75.Which of the following statements is incorrect?
(1)ABA is called the stress hormone.
(2)The chapter states that this statement is not applicable: ABA has wide-ranging effects on plant growth and development.
(3)ABA acts as a general plant growth inhibitor and inhibitor of plant metabolism.
(4)ABA acts as a general plant growth inhibitor and inhibitor of plant metabolism.
76.Which of the following statements is incorrect?
(1)ABA stimulates closure of stomata and increases tolerance to various stresses.
(2)By inducing dormancy, ABA helps seeds withstand desiccation and other unfavourable factors.
(3)ABA stimulates closure of stomata and increases tolerance to various stresses.
(4)ABA promotes seed germination.
77.Which of the following statements is incorrect?
(1)ABA plays an important role in seed development, maturation and dormancy.
(2)For any phase of plant growth, differentiation and development, one or another PGR has some role.
(3)ABA plays an important role in seed development, maturation and dormancy.
(4)ABA is called the ripening hormone.
78.Which of the following statements is incorrect?
(1)In most situations, ABA acts as an antagonist to GAs.
(2)In most situations, ABA acts as an antagonist to GAs.
(3)PGR roles may be individualistic or synergistic.
(4)By inducing dormancy, ABA helps seeds withstand hydration only and other unfavourable factors.
79.Which of the following statements is incorrect?
(1)For any phase of plant growth, dedifferentiation and development, one or another PGR has some role.
(2)PGR roles may be complementary or antagonistic.
(3)PGR roles may be complementary or antagonistic.
(4)PGRs represent only one kind of intrinsic control.
80.Which of the following statements is incorrect?
(1)More than one PGR can interact in dormancy, abscission, senescence and apical dominance.
(2)PGR roles may be never synergistic.
(3)Extrinsic factors such as temperature and light may control plant growth and development through PGRs.
(4)More than one PGR can interact in dormancy, abscission, senescence and apical dominance.
81.Which of the following statements is incorrect?
(1)Genomic control and extrinsic factors also play important roles in plant growth and development.
(2)PGRs represent only one kind of only extrinsic control.
(3)Development is the sum of two processes: growth and differentiation.
(4)Genomic control and extrinsic factors also play important roles in plant growth and development.
82.Which of the following statements is incorrect?
(1)Extrinsic factors such as sound and pH only may control plant growth and development through PGRs.
(2)Temperature and light can influence events such as vernalisation, flowering, dormancy, seed germination and plant movements.
(3)Temperature and light can influence events such as vernalisation, flowering, dormancy, seed germination and plant movements.
(4)During development, a complex body organisation forms roots, leaves, branches, flowers, fruits and seeds, and eventually these die.
83.Which of the following statements is incorrect?
(1)Growth is an reversible temporary increase in size of an organ, its parts, or an individual cell.
(2)Plants retain the capacity for unlimited growth throughout life.
(3)Growth is generally accompanied by anabolic and catabolic metabolic processes at the expense of energy.
(4)Growth is generally accompanied by anabolic and catabolic metabolic processes at the expense of energy.
84.Which of the following statements is incorrect?
(1)Meristematic cells have the capacity to divide and self-perpetuate.
(2)Root apical and shoot apical meristems are responsible for primary growth.
(3)Unlimited growth in plants is due to mature permanent tissues at certain locations in the plant body.
(4)Meristematic cells have the capacity to divide and self-perpetuate.
85.Which of the following statements is incorrect?
(1)Lateral meristems cause increase in girth of organs in which they are active.
(2)Primary growth principally contributes to elongation of plants along their axis.
(3)Root apical and shoot apical mature permanent tissues are responsible for primary growth.
(4)Primary growth principally contributes to elongation of plants along their axis.
86.Which of the following statements is incorrect?
(1)Constantly dividing cells at root apex and shoot apex represent the meristematic phase.
(2)Cells proximal to the meristematic zone represent the phase of elongation.
(3)The period of growth is generally divided into meristematic, fruit ripening and maturation phases.
(4)Constantly dividing cells at root apex and shoot apex represent the meristematic phase.
87.Which of the following statements is incorrect?
(1)Root elongating at a constant rate exemplifies arithmetic growth.
(2)In random growth, after mitotic division only one daughter cell continues to divide while the other differentiates and matures.
(3)Root elongating at a constant rate exemplifies arithmetic growth.
(4)In Lt = L0 + rt, Lt is length at time t.
88.Which of the following statements is incorrect?
(1)After lag phase, geometrical growth increases rapidly at an exponential rate called log/exponential phase.
(2)Plotting growth parameter against time in such growth gives a sigmoid or S-curve.
(3)After lag phase, geometrical growth increases rapidly at an exponential rate called log/exponential phase.
(4)In linear only growth, initial growth is slow and is called the lag phase.
89.Which of the following statements is incorrect?
(1)The act leading to maturation is called differentiation.
(2)Deviation from the optimum temperature range can be detrimental to survival.
(3)Every plant organism has an single freezing temperature best suited for growth.
(4)Deviation from the optimum temperature range can be detrimental to survival.
90.Which of the following statements is incorrect?
(1)Cells pushed to the periphery mature as epidermis.
(2)Cells positioned away from root apical mature permanent tissues differentiate as root-cap cells.
(3)The developmental sequence includes cell division, plasmatic growth, expansion/elongation, differentiation, maturation, senescence and death.
(4)Cells pushed to the periphery mature as epidermis.
91.Match List-I with List-II and choose the correct option.
List-I
A. IAA
B. Kinetin
C. ABA
D. GA3
List-II
i. Terpene / intensively studied gibberellin
ii. Indole compound / natural auxin
iii. Carotenoid derivative / stress hormone
iv. Adenine derivative / cytokinin discovered from autoclaved herring sperm DNA
(1)A-ii; B-iv; C-i; D-iii
(2)A-ii; B-iii; C-iv; D-i
(3)A-iv; B-ii; C-iii; D-i
(4)A-ii; B-iv; C-iii; D-i
92.Match List-I with List-II and choose the correct option.
List-I
A. ABA
B. GA3
C. Ethylene
D. Root apical meristem
List-II
i. Primary growth and elongation
ii. Terpene / intensively studied gibberellin
iii. Carotenoid derivative / stress hormone
iv. Gaseous PGR, C2H4
(1)A-iii; B-ii; C-iv; D-i
(2)A-iii; B-iv; C-ii; D-i
(3)A-iii; B-ii; C-i; D-iv
(4)A-ii; B-iii; C-iv; D-i
93.Match List-I with List-II and choose the correct option.
List-I
A. Ethylene
B. Root apical meristem
C. Vascular cambium
D. Cork cambium
List-II
i. Gaseous PGR, C2H4
ii. Lateral meristem / dedifferentiated meristem
iii. Lateral meristem for secondary growth
iv. Primary growth and elongation
(1)A-i; B-iii; C-iv; D-ii
(2)A-i; B-iv; C-iii; D-ii
(3)A-iv; B-i; C-iii; D-ii
(4)A-i; B-iv; C-ii; D-iii
94.Match List-I with List-II and choose the correct option.
List-I
A. Vascular cambium
B. Cork cambium
C. Maize root apex
D. Watermelon cells
List-II
i. Increase in cell number
ii. Increase in cell size
iii. Lateral meristem / dedifferentiated meristem
iv. Lateral meristem for secondary growth
(1)A-iii; B-iv; C-i; D-ii
(2)A-iv; B-iii; C-ii; D-i
(3)A-iv; B-i; C-iii; D-ii
(4)A-iv; B-iii; C-i; D-ii
95.Match List-I with List-II and choose the correct option.
List-I
A. Maize root apex
B. Watermelon cells
C. Pollen tube
D. Dorsiventral leaf
List-II
i. Growth measured by surface area
ii. Increase in cell size
iii. Increase in cell number
iv. Growth measured by length
(1)A-iii; B-iv; C-ii; D-i
(2)A-ii; B-iii; C-iv; D-i
(3)A-iii; B-ii; C-i; D-iv
(4)A-iii; B-ii; C-iv; D-i
96.Match List-I with List-II and choose the correct option.
List-I
A. Pollen tube
B. Dorsiventral leaf
C. Meristematic phase
D. Elongation phase
List-II
i. Vacuolation, enlargement, new wall deposition
ii. Growth measured by surface area
iii. Growth measured by length
iv. Rich protoplasm, large conspicuous nuclei
(1)A-ii; B-iii; C-iv; D-i
(2)A-iii; B-ii; C-iv; D-i
(3)A-iii; B-ii; C-i; D-iv
(4)A-iii; B-iv; C-ii; D-i
97.Match List-I with List-II and choose the correct option.
List-I
A. Meristematic phase
B. Elongation phase
C. Maturation phase
D. Arithmetic growth
List-II
i. Vacuolation, enlargement, new wall deposition
ii. Rich protoplasm, large conspicuous nuclei
iii. One daughter cell divides, linear curve
iv. Wall thickening and protoplasmic modification
(1)A-ii; B-iv; C-i; D-iii
(2)A-ii; B-i; C-iv; D-iii
(3)A-ii; B-i; C-iii; D-iv
(4)A-i; B-ii; C-iv; D-iii
98.Match List-I with List-II and choose the correct option.
List-I
A. Maturation phase
B. Arithmetic growth
C. Geometrical growth
D. Relative growth rate
List-II
i. One daughter cell divides, linear curve
ii. Per unit initial parameter / efficiency index
iii. Both progeny cells divide, sigmoid curve
iv. Wall thickening and protoplasmic modification
(1)A-iv; B-i; C-ii; D-iii
(2)A-iv; B-i; C-iii; D-ii
(3)A-i; B-iv; C-iii; D-ii
(4)A-iv; B-iii; C-i; D-ii
99.Match List-I with List-II and choose the correct option.
List-I
A. Geometrical growth
B. Relative growth rate
C. Absolute growth rate
D. Turgidity
List-II
i. Helps extension growth
ii. Per unit initial parameter / efficiency index
iii. Both progeny cells divide, sigmoid curve
iv. Total growth per unit time
(1)A-iii; B-iv; C-ii; D-i
(2)A-iii; B-ii; C-iv; D-i
(3)A-ii; B-iii; C-iv; D-i
(4)A-iii; B-ii; C-i; D-iv
100.Match List-I with List-II and choose the correct option.
List-I
A. Absolute growth rate
B. Turgidity
C. Tracheary element
D. Dedifferentiation
List-II
i. Regaining division capacity
ii. Helps extension growth
iii. Loss of protoplasm and lignocellulosic secondary wall
iv. Total growth per unit time
(1)A-ii; B-iv; C-iii; D-i
(2)A-iv; B-ii; C-i; D-iii
(3)A-iv; B-ii; C-iii; D-i
(4)A-iv; B-iii; C-ii; D-i
101.Match List-I with List-II and choose the correct option.
List-I
A. Tracheary element
B. Dedifferentiation
C. Redifferentiation
D. Plasticity
List-II
i. Different pathways producing different structures
ii. Regaining division capacity
iii. Loss of protoplasm and lignocellulosic secondary wall
iv. Mature cells again lose division capacity
(1)A-iii; B-ii; C-iv; D-i
(2)A-iii; B-ii; C-i; D-iv
(3)A-iii; B-iv; C-ii; D-i
(4)A-ii; B-iii; C-iv; D-i
102.Match List-I with List-II and choose the correct option.
List-I
A. Redifferentiation
B. Plasticity
C. Cotton/coriander/larkspur
D. Buttercup
List-II
i. Different pathways producing different structures
ii. Mature cells again lose division capacity
iii. Heterophylly due to phase of life
iv. Heterophylly due to environment
(1)A-i; B-ii; C-iii; D-iv
(2)A-ii; B-iii; C-i; D-iv
(3)A-ii; B-i; C-iv; D-iii
(4)A-ii; B-i; C-iii; D-iv
103.Match List-I with List-II and choose the correct option.
List-I
A. Cotton/coriander/larkspur
B. Buttercup
C. Auxins
D. Gibberellins
List-II
i. Growth promoters; rooting cuttings; apical dominance
ii. Promotory PGRs; bolting and grape stalk elongation
iii. Heterophylly due to environment
iv. Heterophylly due to phase of life
(1)A-iii; B-iv; C-i; D-ii
(2)A-iv; B-i; C-iii; D-ii
(3)A-iv; B-iii; C-i; D-ii
(4)A-iv; B-iii; C-ii; D-i
104.Match List-I with List-II and choose the correct option.
List-I
A. Auxins
B. Gibberellins
C. Cytokinins
D. Ethylene
List-II
i. Fruit ripening; respiratory climactic
ii. Growth promoters; rooting cuttings; apical dominance
iii. Promotory PGRs; bolting and grape stalk elongation
iv. Cytokinesis; overcome apical dominance
(1)A-iii; B-ii; C-iv; D-i
(2)A-ii; B-iii; C-i; D-iv
(3)A-ii; B-iii; C-iv; D-i
(4)A-ii; B-iv; C-iii; D-i
105.Match List-I with List-II and choose the correct option.
List-I
A. Cytokinins
B. Ethylene
C. Ethephon
D. 2,4-D
List-II
i. Synthetic auxin used to kill dicot weeds
ii. Source of ethylene
iii. Fruit ripening; respiratory climactic
iv. Cytokinesis; overcome apical dominance
(1)A-iv; B-iii; C-i; D-ii
(2)A-iv; B-ii; C-iii; D-i
(3)A-iv; B-iii; C-ii; D-i
(4)A-iii; B-iv; C-ii; D-i
106.Match List-I with List-II and choose the correct option.
List-I
A. Ethephon
B. 2,4-D
C. F.W. Went
D. E. Kurosawa
List-II
i. Auxin from oat coleoptile tips
ii. Source of ethylene
iii. Sterile filtrate caused bakanae symptoms
iv. Synthetic auxin used to kill dicot weeds
(1)A-ii; B-iv; C-i; D-iii
(2)A-ii; B-iv; C-iii; D-i
(3)A-ii; B-i; C-iv; D-iii
(4)A-iv; B-ii; C-i; D-iii
107.Match List-I with List-II and choose the correct option.
List-I
A. F.W. Went
B. E. Kurosawa
C. Miller et al. (1955)
D. H.H. Cousins (1910)
List-II
i. Sterile filtrate caused bakanae symptoms
ii. Auxin from oat coleoptile tips
iii. Identified kinetin
iv. Volatile substance from ripened oranges
(1)A-i; B-ii; C-iii; D-iv
(2)A-ii; B-i; C-iv; D-iii
(3)A-ii; B-i; C-iii; D-iv
(4)A-ii; B-iii; C-i; D-iv
108.Match List-I with List-II and choose the correct option.
List-I
A. Miller et al. (1955)
B. H.H. Cousins (1910)
C. Inhibitor-B/abscission II/dormin
D. GA3 in brewing
List-II
i. Chemically identical; named ABA
ii. Volatile substance from ripened oranges
iii. Identified kinetin
iv. Speeds malting process
(1)A-iii; B-i; C-ii; D-iv
(2)A-iii; B-ii; C-iv; D-i
(3)A-iii; B-ii; C-i; D-iv
(4)A-ii; B-iii; C-i; D-iv
109.Given below are two statements: Assertion A and Reason R.
Assertion A: Growth is an irreversible permanent increase in size.
Reason R: Swelling of a piece of wood in water is a permanent living increase in protoplasm.

Choose the correct answer.
(1)Both Assertion A and Reason R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(2)Both Assertion A and Reason R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(3)Assertion A is true, but Reason R is false.
(4)Assertion A is false, but Reason R is true.
110.Given below are two statements: Assertion A and Reason R.
Assertion A: Plants can show unlimited growth throughout life.
Reason R: This capacity is due to meristems present at certain locations.

Choose the correct answer.
(1)Both Assertion A and Reason R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(2)Both Assertion A and Reason R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(3)Assertion A is true, but Reason R is false.
(4)Assertion A is false, but Reason R is true.
111.Given below are two statements: Assertion A and Reason R.
Assertion A: Root and shoot apical meristems are responsible for primary growth.
Reason R: Primary growth principally contributes to elongation along the plant axis.

Choose the correct answer.
(1)Both Assertion A and Reason R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(2)Both Assertion A and Reason R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(3)Assertion A is true, but Reason R is false.
(4)Assertion A is false, but Reason R is true.
112.Given below are two statements: Assertion A and Reason R.
Assertion A: Vascular cambium and cork cambium are lateral meristems.
Reason R: They cause increase in length of roots and shoots only.

Choose the correct answer.
(1)Both Assertion A and Reason R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(2)Both Assertion A and Reason R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(3)Assertion A is true, but Reason R is false.
(4)Assertion A is false, but Reason R is true.
113.Given below are two statements: Assertion A and Reason R.
Assertion A: A sigmoid curve is characteristic of living organisms growing in a natural environment.
Reason R: In geometrical growth, limited nutrient supply can lead to stationary phase.

Choose the correct answer.
(1)Both Assertion A and Reason R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(2)Both Assertion A and Reason R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(3)Assertion A is true, but Reason R is false.
(4)Assertion A is false, but Reason R is true.
114.Given below are two statements: Assertion A and Reason R.
Assertion A: Relative growth rate compares growth on a common basis.
Reason R: It may be expressed per unit initial parameter.

Choose the correct answer.
(1)Both Assertion A and Reason R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(2)Both Assertion A and Reason R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(3)Assertion A is true, but Reason R is false.
(4)Assertion A is false, but Reason R is true.
115.Given below are two statements: Assertion A and Reason R.
Assertion A: Turgidity helps in extension growth.
Reason R: Plant cell enlargement requires water.

Choose the correct answer.
(1)Both Assertion A and Reason R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(2)Both Assertion A and Reason R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(3)Assertion A is true, but Reason R is false.
(4)Assertion A is false, but Reason R is true.
116.Given below are two statements: Assertion A and Reason R.
Assertion A: Dedifferentiation means differentiated living cells regain division capacity.
Reason R: Interfascicular cambium and cork cambium can arise from fully differentiated parenchyma cells.

Choose the correct answer.
(1)Both Assertion A and Reason R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(2)Both Assertion A and Reason R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(3)Assertion A is true, but Reason R is false.
(4)Assertion A is false, but Reason R is true.
117.Given below are two statements: Assertion A and Reason R.
Assertion A: Differentiation in plants is open.
Reason R: Cells/tissues arising from the same meristem may have different mature structures.

Choose the correct answer.
(1)Both Assertion A and Reason R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(2)Both Assertion A and Reason R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(3)Assertion A is true, but Reason R is false.
(4)Assertion A is false, but Reason R is true.
118.Given below are two statements: Assertion A and Reason R.
Assertion A: Heterophylly in buttercup represents plasticity.
Reason R: Leaves produced in air and water differ due to environment.

Choose the correct answer.
(1)Both Assertion A and Reason R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(2)Both Assertion A and Reason R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(3)Assertion A is true, but Reason R is false.
(4)Assertion A is false, but Reason R is true.
119.Given below are two statements: Assertion A and Reason R.
Assertion A: PGRs are small, simple molecules of diverse chemical composition.
Reason R: All PGRs are chemically identical proteins.

Choose the correct answer.
(1)Both Assertion A and Reason R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(2)Both Assertion A and Reason R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(3)Assertion A is true, but Reason R is false.
(4)Assertion A is false, but Reason R is true.
120.Given below are two statements: Assertion A and Reason R.
Assertion A: Ethylene can fit either PGR group but is largely an inhibitor.
Reason R: ABA belongs to the inhibitor/stress-response group.

Choose the correct answer.
(1)Both Assertion A and Reason R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(2)Both Assertion A and Reason R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(3)Assertion A is true, but Reason R is false.
(4)Assertion A is false, but Reason R is true.
121.Given below are two statements: Assertion A and Reason R.
Assertion A: Auxins can initiate rooting in stem cuttings.
Reason R: Auxins are generally produced by growing apices of stems and roots.

Choose the correct answer.
(1)Both Assertion A and Reason R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(2)Both Assertion A and Reason R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(3)Assertion A is true, but Reason R is false.
(4)Assertion A is false, but Reason R is true.
122.Given below are two statements: Assertion A and Reason R.
Assertion A: Gibberellins promote bolting in rosette plants.
Reason R: Bolting refers to internode elongation just before flowering.

Choose the correct answer.
(1)Both Assertion A and Reason R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(2)Both Assertion A and Reason R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(3)Assertion A is true, but Reason R is false.
(4)Assertion A is false, but Reason R is true.
123.Given below are two statements: Assertion A and Reason R.
Assertion A: ABA is called the stress hormone.
Reason R: It stimulates stomatal closure and increases tolerance to stress.

Choose the correct answer.
(1)Both Assertion A and Reason R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(2)Both Assertion A and Reason R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(3)Assertion A is true, but Reason R is false.
(4)Assertion A is false, but Reason R is true.
124.Based on Figure 13.1 of bean seedling development, which set contains labels shown in the diagram?
(1)GA3, IAA, ABA, kinetin
(2)Seed coat, epicotyl hook, cotyledons, hypocotyl
(3)Root cap, vascular cambium, cork cambium, lenticel
(4)Anther, stigma, ovary, style
125.Figure 13.2 shows locations of root apical meristem, shoot apical meristem and vascular cambium. Which interpretation is correct?
(1)Root apical meristem is a mature permanent tissue without division capacity.
(2)Shoot apical meristem causes only secondary growth.
(3)Apical meristems are linked with elongation, while vascular cambium is linked with girth increase.
(4)Vascular cambium is the only site of primary root elongation.
126.In Figure 13.3, zones A, B, C and D immediately behind the apex elongate most. Which phase is being detected by the parallel-line technique?
(1)Elongation phase
(2)Dormancy phase
(3)Maturation phase only
(4)Respiratory climactic
127.In Figure 13.4, arithmetic and geometric growth are contrasted. Which statement fits arithmetic growth?
(1)It is represented by W1 = W0ert only.
(2)Growth slows due to respiratory climactic.
(3)Both progeny cells divide indefinitely from the start in all conditions.
(4)Only one daughter cell continues to divide; the other differentiates and matures.
128.In Figure 13.5, constant linear growth is represented by plotting length L against time t. Which formula matches this?
(1)Lt = L0 + rt
(2)W1 = W0ert
(3)Growth = ABA × GA3
(4)Relative growth = final size only
129.Figure 13.6 is an idealised sigmoid growth curve. Which sequence of phases is correct?
(1)Meristematic phase → maturation phase → elongation phase
(2)Stationary phase → lag phase → exponential phase
(3)Dormancy → abscission → respiratory climactic
(4)Lag phase → exponential/log phase → stationary phase
130.Figure 13.7 compares absolute and relative growth rates. If two leaves increase by 5 cm² but started at different sizes, which conclusion is correct?
(1)Absolute increase may be the same, but the smaller initial leaf has higher relative growth rate.
(2)Absolute growth rate is always lower than relative growth rate.
(3)Relative growth ignores initial size completely.
(4)The larger initial leaf must always have higher relative growth rate.
131.Figure 13.8 represents a developmental sequence in a plant cell. Which option best represents the sequence elements?
(1)Only meristematic phase, elongation phase and stationary phase
(2)Only seed germination, flowering and fruit ripening
(3)Only auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene and ABA
(4)Cell division, plasmatic growth, expansion/elongation, differentiation, maturation, senescence and death
132.Figure 13.9 illustrates heterophylly. Which pair is correctly interpreted?
(1)Larkspur: phase-of-life difference; buttercup: environment-related difference
(2)Larkspur: gibberellin-induced bolting; buttercup: auxin-induced parthenocarpy
(3)Larkspur and buttercup both show only irreversible maturation without plasticity
(4)Larkspur: respiratory climactic; buttercup: apical dominance
133.Figure 13.10 demonstrates the coleoptile experiment. What is the correct inference?
(1)The base of the coleoptile is the source of ethylene for ripening.
(2)The tip of the coleoptile is the source/site of transmissible influence causing bending.
(3)The root cap releases ABA for phototropism.
(4)The entire coleoptile bends without any transmissible influence.
134.Figure 13.11 shows apical dominance. Which observation is correct after decapitation?
(1)Apical bud inhibition becomes stronger after shoot-tip removal.
(2)Lateral buds grow into branches after removal of the apical bud.
(3)Root apices become dormant after decapitation.
(4)Ethylene prevents lateral bud growth after decapitation.
135.Which process-based statement correctly links PGR and response?
(1)ABA increases grape stalk length by promoting bolting.
(2)2,4-D is the source of ethylene for ripening tomatoes.
(3)Ethephon absorbed in aqueous solution slowly releases ethylene.
(4)GA3 is used for immediate stomatal closure.
136.Identify the correct statements from A-E.
A. Growth can be measured by fresh weight, dry weight, length, area, volume and cell number.
B. Growth at cellular level principally reflects increase in protoplasm.
C. One parameter is sufficient to demonstrate growth throughout a flowering plant's life.
D. Pollen tube growth is measured in terms of length.
E. Dorsiventral leaf growth is denoted by surface area.
(1)A, B, D only
(2)A, D, E only
(3)A, B, E only
(4)A, B, D, E only
137.Identify the correct statements from A-E.
A. Meristematic cells are rich in protoplasm and possess large conspicuous nuclei.
B. Elongation phase shows increased vacuolation and cell enlargement.
C. Maturation phase lies immediately at the apex before the meristematic zone.
D. Maturation involves wall thickening and protoplasmic modifications.
E. Meristematic cell walls are primary, thin and cellulosic.
(1)A, D, E only
(2)A, B, D, E only
(3)A, B, D only
(4)A, B, E only
138.Identify the correct statements from A-E.
A. Arithmetic growth may produce a linear curve.
B. Geometrical growth can produce a sigmoid curve.
C. In arithmetic growth both daughter cells always retain division capacity.
D. In geometrical growth both progeny cells retain ability to divide.
E. Limited nutrient supply may lead to stationary phase.
(1)A, B, D, E only
(2)A, B, D only
(3)A, D, E only
(4)A, B, E only
139.Identify the correct statements from A-E.
A. Differentiation involves structural changes in cell wall and protoplasm.
B. Tracheary elements lose protoplasm.
C. Dedifferentiation means permanent inability to divide.
D. Redifferentiated cells mature to perform specific functions.
E. Location can influence final structure at maturity.
(1)A, D, E only
(2)A, B, D only
(3)A, B, E only
(4)A, B, D, E only
140.Identify the correct statements from A-E.
A. PGRs may be indole compounds, adenine derivatives, carotenoid derivatives, terpenes or gases.
B. Auxins, gibberellins and cytokinins are growth promoters.
C. ABA belongs to the inhibitor/stress-response group.
D. Ethylene is only a promoter and never inhibits growth.
E. PGRs are also called phytohormones.
(1)A, B, C, E only
(2)A, B, C only
(3)A, C, E only
(4)A, B, E only
141.Identify the correct statements from A-E.
A. Darwin and Francis Darwin worked with coleoptiles of canary grass.
B. F.W. Went isolated auxin from oat coleoptile tips.
C. Bakanae disease was caused by Gibberella fujikuroi.
D. Miller et al. identified gibberellic acid from fungal filtrate.
E. H.H. Cousins confirmed a volatile substance from ripened oranges.
(1)A, B, C, E only
(2)A, C, E only
(3)A, B, C only
(4)A, B, E only
142.Identify the correct statements from A-E.
A. IAA and IBA are natural auxins.
B. NAA and 2,4-D are synthetic auxins.
C. 2,4-D kills mature monocots but not dicot weeds.
D. Auxins induce parthenocarpy in tomatoes.
E. Auxins can control xylem differentiation.
(1)A, B, E only
(2)A, D, E only
(3)A, B, D, E only
(4)A, B, D only
143.Identify the correct statements from A-E.
A. Ethylene promotes respiratory climactic during fruit ripening.
B. ABA stimulates stomatal closure.
C. Cytokinins promote nutrient mobilisation and delay leaf senescence.
D. Gibberellins are used to hasten maturity in juvenile conifers.
E. Ethephon is the most widely used source of ABA.
(1)A, B, C only
(2)A, B, C, D only
(3)A, B, D only
(4)A, C, D only
144.A gardener wants to initiate roots in stem cuttings for plant propagation. Which PGR use is best supported by the chapter?
(1)Kinetin removal
(2)Auxin application
(3)ABA application
(4)Ethylene gas for respiratory climactic
145.A lawn contains dicot weeds but mature monocot grass should be spared. Which compound is NCERT-supported?
(1)ABA
(2)2,4-D
(3)GA3
(4)Ethephon
146.A brewer wants faster malting. Which PGR/application pair is correct?
(1)GA3 — speeds up malting process
(2)ABA — speeds up malting process
(3)Ethylene — kills dicot weeds
(4)Cytokinin — induces immediate stomatal closure
147.A crop scientist wants sugarcane stem elongation and higher yield. Which treatment is supported by the chapter?
(1)Spray gibberellins
(2)Remove all cytokinins
(3)Spray ABA
(4)Apply 2,4-D to mature monocots
148.Stored unripe bananas ripen faster when kept with ripened oranges. Which PGR discovery does this reflect?
(1)Ethylene as a volatile gaseous PGR
(2)Kinetin from herring sperm DNA
(3)Auxin from human urine
(4)ABA as a carotenoid derivative
149.A plant under water needs upper shoots to remain above water. Which response is described in the chapter?
(1)Cytokinin causes respiratory climactic.
(2)Ethylene promotes rapid internode/petiole elongation in deep water rice.
(3)2,4-D promotes bolting in rosette plants.
(4)ABA promotes grape stalk elongation.
150.A student says, 'ABA and GA generally do the same thing in most situations.' What is the best correction?
(1)In most situations, ABA acts as an antagonist to GAs.
(2)ABA is a growth promoter like GA in all situations.
(3)ABA is the most widely used source of ethylene.
(4)GA is mainly responsible for stomatal closure.
NEET ]150[ Contd...

Answer Key

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