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NEET ]1[ Contd...
NEET Biology Class 12 - Biotechnology and Its Applications Ultra-Hard Question Bank
Instructions:
- Each question has four options (1), (2), (3), (4). Choose the most correct answer.
- Each correct answer carries 4 marks.
- Each wrong answer will deduct 1 marks.
- Unanswered questions will not be penalised.
1.Consider the following statements regarding the three critical research areas of
biotechnology:
I. Providing the best catalyst in the form of an improved organism, usually a microbe or pure
enzyme.
II. Creating optimal conditions through chemical engineering for a catalyst to act.
III. Downstream processing technologies to purify the protein or organic compound.
IV. Altering the transcription parameters of the host genome to initiate promoter activity.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
biotechnology:
I. Providing the best catalyst in the form of an improved organism, usually a microbe or pure
enzyme.
II. Creating optimal conditions through chemical engineering for a catalyst to act.
III. Downstream processing technologies to purify the protein or organic compound.
IV. Altering the transcription parameters of the host genome to initiate promoter activity.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
2.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Biotechnology essentially deals with the industrial scale production of
biopharmaceuticals and biologicals.
Reason (R): Genetically modified microbes, fungi, plants, and animals are utilized as biological
factories to manufacture large volumes of biotechnological products.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Biotechnology essentially deals with the industrial scale production of
biopharmaceuticals and biologicals.
Reason (R): Genetically modified microbes, fungi, plants, and animals are utilized as biological
factories to manufacture large volumes of biotechnological products.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
3.According to Section 10.1 of the NCERT textbook, what are the three options that can be
thought of for increasing food production?
I. Agro-chemical based agriculture.
II. Organic agriculture.
III. Genetically engineered crop-based agriculture.
IV. Hydroponics-based urban agriculture.
Choose the correct option:
thought of for increasing food production?
I. Agro-chemical based agriculture.
II. Organic agriculture.
III. Genetically engineered crop-based agriculture.
IV. Hydroponics-based urban agriculture.
Choose the correct option:
4.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The Green Revolution succeeded in tripling the food supply, yet it was not
sufficient to feed the growing human population.
Reason (R): The rate of human population growth far exceeded the linear increase in crop yields
achieved through conventional hybridisation techniques.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The Green Revolution succeeded in tripling the food supply, yet it was not
sufficient to feed the growing human population.
Reason (R): The rate of human population growth far exceeded the linear increase in crop yields
achieved through conventional hybridisation techniques.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
5.Consider the following statements regarding the factors that contributed to increased crop
yields during the Green Revolution:
I. Increased yields were partly due to the use of improved crop varieties.
II. Increased yields were mainly due to the use of better management practices and use of
agrochemicals (fertilisers and pesticides).
III. For farmers in the developing world, agrochemicals are highly economical and easily
affordable.
IV. Further increases in yield with existing varieties are easily possible using conventional
breeding.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
yields during the Green Revolution:
I. Increased yields were partly due to the use of improved crop varieties.
II. Increased yields were mainly due to the use of better management practices and use of
agrochemicals (fertilisers and pesticides).
III. For farmers in the developing world, agrochemicals are highly economical and easily
affordable.
IV. Further increases in yield with existing varieties are easily possible using conventional
breeding.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
6.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The technology of tissue culture was developed by scientists to regenerate whole
plants from small plant parts.
Reason (R): Traditional breeding techniques failed to keep pace with demand and to provide
sufficiently fast and efficient systems for crop improvement.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The technology of tissue culture was developed by scientists to regenerate whole
plants from small plant parts.
Reason (R): Traditional breeding techniques failed to keep pace with demand and to provide
sufficiently fast and efficient systems for crop improvement.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
7.Consider the following statements regarding the early scientific discoveries in tissue culture:
I. Scientists learnt that whole plants could be regenerated from explants during the 1950s.
II. An explant is defined as any part of a plant taken out and grown in a test tube under sterile
conditions in special nutrient media.
III. The nutrient media used for explants must contain an organic carbon source such as
glucose.
IV. The sterile conditions are required specifically to prevent the physical oxidation of plant
hormones.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
I. Scientists learnt that whole plants could be regenerated from explants during the 1950s.
II. An explant is defined as any part of a plant taken out and grown in a test tube under sterile
conditions in special nutrient media.
III. The nutrient media used for explants must contain an organic carbon source such as
glucose.
IV. The sterile conditions are required specifically to prevent the physical oxidation of plant
hormones.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
8.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The capacity to generate a whole plant from any single cell or explant is termed
totipotency.
Reason (R): Every plant cell is structurally compartmentalized and contains the complete
genome with the metabolic capacity to synthesize essential proteins.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The capacity to generate a whole plant from any single cell or explant is termed
totipotency.
Reason (R): Every plant cell is structurally compartmentalized and contains the complete
genome with the metabolic capacity to synthesize essential proteins.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
9.According to the NCERT textbook, the nutrient medium used for plant tissue culture must
provide which of the following chemical components?
I. A carbon source such as sucrose.
II. Inorganic salts and vitamins.
III. Amino acids.
IV. Growth regulators like auxins and cytokinins.
Choose the correct option:
provide which of the following chemical components?
I. A carbon source such as sucrose.
II. Inorganic salts and vitamins.
III. Amino acids.
IV. Growth regulators like auxins and cytokinins.
Choose the correct option:
10.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The method of producing thousands of plants through tissue culture is called
micro-propagation.
Reason (R): This propagation method utilizes microscopic cells, tissues, or explants grown in
tiny culture tubes to maximize land-use efficiency.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The method of producing thousands of plants through tissue culture is called
micro-propagation.
Reason (R): This propagation method utilizes microscopic cells, tissues, or explants grown in
tiny culture tubes to maximize land-use efficiency.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
11.Consider the following statements regarding the plants produced through micro-
propagation:
I. Each of these plants will be genetically identical to the original plant from which they were
grown.
II. Genetically identical plants produced through micro-propagation are termed somaclones.
III. Somaclones are genetically variable due to chromosomal sorting during in vitro mitotic
cycles.
IV. Somaclones represent haploid mutations designed for rapid hybrid selection.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
propagation:
I. Each of these plants will be genetically identical to the original plant from which they were
grown.
II. Genetically identical plants produced through micro-propagation are termed somaclones.
III. Somaclones are genetically variable due to chromosomal sorting during in vitro mitotic
cycles.
IV. Somaclones represent haploid mutations designed for rapid hybrid selection.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
12.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Many important food plants like tomato, banana, and apple have been produced
on a commercial scale using micro-propagation.
Reason (R): These plants are somaclones, and their genetic uniformity guarantees consistent
post-harvest ripening characteristics in the market.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Many important food plants like tomato, banana, and apple have been produced
on a commercial scale using micro-propagation.
Reason (R): These plants are somaclones, and their genetic uniformity guarantees consistent
post-harvest ripening characteristics in the market.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
13.Consider the following statements regarding the recovery of healthy plants from diseased
ones:
I. An important application of tissue culture is the recovery of healthy plants from diseased
plants.
II. Even if a plant is infected with a virus, the meristem (apical and axillary) is free of virus.
III. One can remove the infected roots and culture them to obtain virus-free vascular systems.
IV. The vascular cambium is the primary tissue cultured to retrieve virus-free vegetative clones.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
ones:
I. An important application of tissue culture is the recovery of healthy plants from diseased
plants.
II. Even if a plant is infected with a virus, the meristem (apical and axillary) is free of virus.
III. One can remove the infected roots and culture them to obtain virus-free vascular systems.
IV. The vascular cambium is the primary tissue cultured to retrieve virus-free vegetative clones.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
14.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Scientists have succeeded in culturing meristems to obtain virus-free clones of
banana, sugarcane, and potato.
Reason (R): These three crops are highly susceptible to systemic fungal infections that destroy
the vascular tissue of mature culms.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Scientists have succeeded in culturing meristems to obtain virus-free clones of
banana, sugarcane, and potato.
Reason (R): These three crops are highly susceptible to systemic fungal infections that destroy
the vascular tissue of mature culms.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
15.Consider the following statements regarding the isolation of protoplasts from plant cells:
I. Scientists can isolate single cells from plants and digest their cell walls.
II. After wall digestion, naked protoplasts are obtained, which are surrounded only by plasma
membranes.
III. The digestion of plant cell walls is achieved using the enzymes protease and ribonuclease.
IV. Naked protoplasts are highly stable and can survive in distilled water without osmotic
support.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
I. Scientists can isolate single cells from plants and digest their cell walls.
II. After wall digestion, naked protoplasts are obtained, which are surrounded only by plasma
membranes.
III. The digestion of plant cell walls is achieved using the enzymes protease and ribonuclease.
IV. Naked protoplasts are highly stable and can survive in distilled water without osmotic
support.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
16.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Fusing isolated protoplasts from two different varieties of plants yields somatic
hybrids.
Reason (R): Somatic hybridisation allows the combination of desirable characters from two
distinct varieties in a new hybrid plant in vitro.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Fusing isolated protoplasts from two different varieties of plants yields somatic
hybrids.
Reason (R): Somatic hybridisation allows the combination of desirable characters from two
distinct varieties in a new hybrid plant in vitro.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
17.Consider the following statements regarding the construction and commercial utilization
of the somatic hybrid plant 'pomato':
I. A protoplast of tomato was fused with that of potato to form new hybrid plants.
II. The resulting somatic hybrid plant combines the characteristics of both tomato and potato.
III. The pomato plant was highly successful and is now commercially grown worldwide.
IV. The pomato failed commercially because the plant did not have all the desired combination
of characteristics.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
of the somatic hybrid plant 'pomato':
I. A protoplast of tomato was fused with that of potato to form new hybrid plants.
II. The resulting somatic hybrid plant combines the characteristics of both tomato and potato.
III. The pomato plant was highly successful and is now commercially grown worldwide.
IV. The pomato failed commercially because the plant did not have all the desired combination
of characteristics.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
18.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The second critical research area of biotechnology is creating optimal conditions
through engineering for a catalyst to act.
Reason (R): The first critical research area provides the catalyst, which is usually in the form of
an improved organism like a microbe or pure enzyme.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The second critical research area of biotechnology is creating optimal conditions
through engineering for a catalyst to act.
Reason (R): The first critical research area provides the catalyst, which is usually in the form of
an improved organism like a microbe or pure enzyme.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
19.Consider the following statements regarding the nutrient medium used for regenerating
plants from explants:
I. The nutrient medium must provide a carbon source such as sucrose.
II. Sucrose acts as the primary oxidizable carbohydrate to supply carbon skeletons and energy
in vitro.
III. If sucrose is unavailable, NCERT recommends substituting it with high concentrations of
citric acid.
IV. The medium must also provide amino acids, vitamins, and inorganic salts.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
plants from explants:
I. The nutrient medium must provide a carbon source such as sucrose.
II. Sucrose acts as the primary oxidizable carbohydrate to supply carbon skeletons and energy
in vitro.
III. If sucrose is unavailable, NCERT recommends substituting it with high concentrations of
citric acid.
IV. The medium must also provide amino acids, vitamins, and inorganic salts.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
20.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Explants taken out from a plant must be grown under strictly sterile conditions
in special nutrient media.
Reason (R): The nutrient medium is rich in sucrose, amino acids, and salts, which would
otherwise support the rapid overgrowth of contaminating microbes.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Explants taken out from a plant must be grown under strictly sterile conditions
in special nutrient media.
Reason (R): The nutrient medium is rich in sucrose, amino acids, and salts, which would
otherwise support the rapid overgrowth of contaminating microbes.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
21.Which of the following statements perfectly defines 'totipotency' according to the literal
text of NCERT Chapter 10?
I. The capacity to generate a whole plant from any cell or explant.
II. The capacity of a plant cell to differentiate into specialized vascular tissues only.
III. The ability of a protoplast to remain viable in the absence of a plasma membrane.
IV. The capacity to generate somatic embryos directly from triploid endosperm cells.
Choose the correct option:
text of NCERT Chapter 10?
I. The capacity to generate a whole plant from any cell or explant.
II. The capacity of a plant cell to differentiate into specialized vascular tissues only.
III. The ability of a protoplast to remain viable in the absence of a plasma membrane.
IV. The capacity to generate somatic embryos directly from triploid endosperm cells.
Choose the correct option:
22.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): To obtain virus-free plants from an infected parent, only the apical and axillary
meristems are removed and grown in vitro.
Reason (R): The apical and axillary meristems are completely free of virus even when the rest of
the plant body is heavily infected.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): To obtain virus-free plants from an infected parent, only the apical and axillary
meristems are removed and grown in vitro.
Reason (R): The apical and axillary meristems are completely free of virus even when the rest of
the plant body is heavily infected.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
23.Consider the following statements regarding the physical structure of isolated plant
protoplasts:
I. They represent cells from which the cell wall has been completely digested.
II. They are naked protoplasts that are surrounded by plasma membranes.
III. They retain a thin vestigial primary cell wall composed of hemicellulose.
IV. They are surrounded by a thick, newly synthesized callose membrane to prevent cell lysis.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
protoplasts:
I. They represent cells from which the cell wall has been completely digested.
II. They are naked protoplasts that are surrounded by plasma membranes.
III. They retain a thin vestigial primary cell wall composed of hemicellulose.
IV. They are surrounded by a thick, newly synthesized callose membrane to prevent cell lysis.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
24.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The Green Revolution succeeded in tripling the food supply across developing
nations.
Reason (R): This significant increase in crop yield was mainly achieved due to the development
of pest-resistant GM crops expressing Bt toxin genes.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The Green Revolution succeeded in tripling the food supply across developing
nations.
Reason (R): This significant increase in crop yield was mainly achieved due to the development
of pest-resistant GM crops expressing Bt toxin genes.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
25.Consider the following statements regarding the protoplast source requirements for
somatic hybridisation:
I. Isolated protoplasts must come from two different species belonging to the same genus.
II. Isolated protoplasts can come from two different varieties of plants, each having a desirable
character.
III. The source plant varieties must be completely homozygous to prevent segregation in somatic
progeny.
IV. Somatic hybrids can only be successfully regenerated if the source cells are obtained from
meristems.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
somatic hybridisation:
I. Isolated protoplasts must come from two different species belonging to the same genus.
II. Isolated protoplasts can come from two different varieties of plants, each having a desirable
character.
III. The source plant varieties must be completely homozygous to prevent segregation in somatic
progeny.
IV. Somatic hybrids can only be successfully regenerated if the source cells are obtained from
meristems.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
26.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Plant tissue culture technology was developed by scientists in the 1950s.
Reason (R): During the 1950s, scientists discovered that whole plants could be regenerated from
explants under sterile conditions.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Plant tissue culture technology was developed by scientists in the 1950s.
Reason (R): During the 1950s, scientists discovered that whole plants could be regenerated from
explants under sterile conditions.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
27.Which of the following cellular capacities represents 'totipotency' under plant tissue
culture guidelines?
I. The capacity to generate a whole plant from any plant cell.
II. The capacity to generate a whole plant from any explant.
III. The capacity of a cell to differentiate into floral organs under dark conditions.
IV. The capacity to generate triploid seeds from double-fertilized ovules.
Choose the correct option:
culture guidelines?
I. The capacity to generate a whole plant from any plant cell.
II. The capacity to generate a whole plant from any explant.
III. The capacity of a cell to differentiate into floral organs under dark conditions.
IV. The capacity to generate triploid seeds from double-fertilized ovules.
Choose the correct option:
28.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Micro-propagation is a highly successful commercial method used to produce
somaclones of tomato, banana, and apple.
Reason (R): These three fruit crops are genetically identical to their original parent plants
because they are produced through mitotic cell divisions during tissue culture.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Micro-propagation is a highly successful commercial method used to produce
somaclones of tomato, banana, and apple.
Reason (R): These three fruit crops are genetically identical to their original parent plants
because they are produced through mitotic cell divisions during tissue culture.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
29.Consider the following statements regarding the somatic hybridisation process:
I. Protoplasts from two different varieties are fused to get hybrid protoplasts.
II. The hybrid protoplasts are grown to form a new plant combining characteristics of both
varieties.
III. The process of protoplast fusion is carried out inside E. coli cells using circular plasmid
vectors.
IV. Somatic hybrids can only be formed by fusing a plant protoplast with a bacterial cell wall.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
I. Protoplasts from two different varieties are fused to get hybrid protoplasts.
II. The hybrid protoplasts are grown to form a new plant combining characteristics of both
varieties.
III. The process of protoplast fusion is carried out inside E. coli cells using circular plasmid
vectors.
IV. Somatic hybrids can only be formed by fusing a plant protoplast with a bacterial cell wall.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
30.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The somatic hybrid plant pomato was constructed by fusing tomato and potato
protoplasts.
Reason (R): The pomato failed commercially because it did not possess all the desired
combination of characteristics for its commercial utilization.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The somatic hybrid plant pomato was constructed by fusing tomato and potato
protoplasts.
Reason (R): The pomato failed commercially because it did not possess all the desired
combination of characteristics for its commercial utilization.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
31.Consider the following statements regarding the growth regulators added to the plant
tissue culture medium:
I. Growth regulators such as auxins and cytokinins must be provided in the medium.
II. The ratio of auxins to cytokinins controls the differentiation of roots and shoots in vitro.
III. The NCERT textbook recommends adding gibberellic acid and abscisic acid as the primary
regulators of explant totipotency.
IV. Ethylene gas must be bubbled through the sterile test tube to induce early somaclonal
flowering.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
tissue culture medium:
I. Growth regulators such as auxins and cytokinins must be provided in the medium.
II. The ratio of auxins to cytokinins controls the differentiation of roots and shoots in vitro.
III. The NCERT textbook recommends adding gibberellic acid and abscisic acid as the primary
regulators of explant totipotency.
IV. Ethylene gas must be bubbled through the sterile test tube to induce early somaclonal
flowering.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
32.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Plants produced through micro-propagation are genetically identical to the
parent plant from which they were derived.
Reason (R): Micro-propagation relies exclusively on mitotic divisions of vegetative somatic cells
inside the explant, which preserves the genetic constitution.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Plants produced through micro-propagation are genetically identical to the
parent plant from which they were derived.
Reason (R): Micro-propagation relies exclusively on mitotic divisions of vegetative somatic cells
inside the explant, which preserves the genetic constitution.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
33.Which of the following food plants have been successfully produced on a commercial scale
using micro-propagation according to the NCERT textbook?
I. Tomato.
II. Banana.
III. Apple.
IV. Sugarcane.
Choose the correct option:
using micro-propagation according to the NCERT textbook?
I. Tomato.
II. Banana.
III. Apple.
IV. Sugarcane.
Choose the correct option:
34.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Even in a parent plant heavily infected with a systemic virus, the meristem
(apical and axillary) remains free of the virus.
Reason (R): The meristem lacks vascular connections (xylem and phloem), and its high rate of
cell division outpaces the rate of viral replication and transport.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Even in a parent plant heavily infected with a systemic virus, the meristem
(apical and axillary) remains free of the virus.
Reason (R): The meristem lacks vascular connections (xylem and phloem), and its high rate of
cell division outpaces the rate of viral replication and transport.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
35.Which of the following crop plants have been successfully cultured as meristems to obtain
virus-free clones according to the NCERT textbook?
I. Banana.
II. Sugarcane.
III. Potato.
IV. Apple.
Choose the correct option:
virus-free clones according to the NCERT textbook?
I. Banana.
II. Sugarcane.
III. Potato.
IV. Apple.
Choose the correct option:
36.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Plant cells must have their cell walls digested before their protoplasts can be
successfully fused in vitro.
Reason (R): The thick cellulosic cell wall acts as a rigid physical barrier that prevents the direct
contact and fusion of adjacent plasma membranes.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Plant cells must have their cell walls digested before their protoplasts can be
successfully fused in vitro.
Reason (R): The thick cellulosic cell wall acts as a rigid physical barrier that prevents the direct
contact and fusion of adjacent plasma membranes.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
37.Consider the following statements regarding the nomenclature of somatic hybridisation:
I. The fused cells obtained from two different plant varieties are called somatic hybrids.
II. The process of producing somatic hybrids is called somatic hybridisation.
III. The somatic hybridisation process is also referred to in Section 10.1 as recombinant cellular
conjugation.
IV. Somatic hybrids can only be regenerated if the parental cells are obtained from haploid
pollen grains.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
I. The fused cells obtained from two different plant varieties are called somatic hybrids.
II. The process of producing somatic hybrids is called somatic hybridisation.
III. The somatic hybridisation process is also referred to in Section 10.1 as recombinant cellular
conjugation.
IV. Somatic hybrids can only be regenerated if the parental cells are obtained from haploid
pollen grains.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
38.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The pomato somatic hybrid plant combined the genetic characteristics of both
tomato and potato.
Reason (R): The in vitro fusion of tomato and potato protoplasts resulted in a stable
amphidiploid vascular system expressing both genomes.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The pomato somatic hybrid plant combined the genetic characteristics of both
tomato and potato.
Reason (R): The in vitro fusion of tomato and potato protoplasts resulted in a stable
amphidiploid vascular system expressing both genomes.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
39.Consider the following statements regarding the three food production agricultural
options:
I. Agro-chemical based agriculture relies on chemical fertilisers and pesticides to maximize crop
yields.
II. Organic agriculture completely avoids chemical inputs to minimize environmental toxicity.
III. Genetically engineered crop-based agriculture utilizes crops whose genomes have been
modified to improve yields and traits.
IV. Organic agriculture is described as yielding three times more food than agro-chemical
agriculture with less water.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
options:
I. Agro-chemical based agriculture relies on chemical fertilisers and pesticides to maximize crop
yields.
II. Organic agriculture completely avoids chemical inputs to minimize environmental toxicity.
III. Genetically engineered crop-based agriculture utilizes crops whose genomes have been
modified to improve yields and traits.
IV. Organic agriculture is described as yielding three times more food than agro-chemical
agriculture with less water.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
40.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): For farmers in the developing world, agrochemicals are often too expensive to
permit further yield increases.
Reason (R): Agrochemicals are imported exclusively from industrialized nations that impose
heavy patent tariffs on developing markets.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): For farmers in the developing world, agrochemicals are often too expensive to
permit further yield increases.
Reason (R): Agrochemicals are imported exclusively from industrialized nations that impose
heavy patent tariffs on developing markets.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
41.Consider the following statements regarding the specific yield achievements during the
Green Revolution:
I. Increased yields during the Green Revolution were mainly due to the use of improved crop
varieties.
II. Increased yields were partly due to the use of improved crop varieties, but mainly due to
better management and agrochemicals.
III. Agrochemicals are highly affordable for small-scale farmers in the developing world.
IV. Conventional breeding can easily continue to increase yields of existing varieties indefinitely.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
Green Revolution:
I. Increased yields during the Green Revolution were mainly due to the use of improved crop
varieties.
II. Increased yields were partly due to the use of improved crop varieties, but mainly due to
better management and agrochemicals.
III. Agrochemicals are highly affordable for small-scale farmers in the developing world.
IV. Conventional breeding can easily continue to increase yields of existing varieties indefinitely.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
42.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Explants grown in vitro can successfully regenerate into a whole plant inside a
sterile test tube.
Reason (R): Plant cells possess totipotency, which is the capacity to regenerate a whole plant
from any single cell or explant.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Explants grown in vitro can successfully regenerate into a whole plant inside a
sterile test tube.
Reason (R): Plant cells possess totipotency, which is the capacity to regenerate a whole plant
from any single cell or explant.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
43.Consider the following statements regarding the carbon source added to the tissue culture
nutrient medium:
I. Sucrose is the carbon source explicitly named in the NCERT textbook.
II. The carbon source provides both the energy and carbon skeletons required for growth in
vitro.
III. NCERT recommends replacing sucrose with high concentrations of lipid molecules to
accelerate shoot growth.
IV. The textbook states that plant cells in vitro can fix atmospheric directly and do not
require any organic carbon source.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
nutrient medium:
I. Sucrose is the carbon source explicitly named in the NCERT textbook.
II. The carbon source provides both the energy and carbon skeletons required for growth in
vitro.
III. NCERT recommends replacing sucrose with high concentrations of lipid molecules to
accelerate shoot growth.
IV. The textbook states that plant cells in vitro can fix atmospheric directly and do not
require any organic carbon source.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
44.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Somaclones produced through micro-propagation are genetically identical to
their original parent plant.
Reason (R): Micro-propagation is a form of asexual vegetative propagation that preserves the
parental genetic material.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Somaclones produced through micro-propagation are genetically identical to
their original parent plant.
Reason (R): Micro-propagation is a form of asexual vegetative propagation that preserves the
parental genetic material.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
45.Consider the following statements regarding the vegetative tissues cultured to retrieve
virus-free plants:
I. Apical meristems are removed and grown in vitro to obtain virus-free plants.
II. Axillary meristems are removed and grown in vitro to obtain virus-free plants.
III. Intercalary meristems are the primary source used to recover healthy sugarcane clones.
IV. Lateral meristems (vascular cambium) are cultured to bypass systemic phloem transport of
viruses.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
virus-free plants:
I. Apical meristems are removed and grown in vitro to obtain virus-free plants.
II. Axillary meristems are removed and grown in vitro to obtain virus-free plants.
III. Intercalary meristems are the primary source used to recover healthy sugarcane clones.
IV. Lateral meristems (vascular cambium) are cultured to bypass systemic phloem transport of
viruses.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
46.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Apical and axillary meristems of banana, sugarcane, and potato have been
successfully cultured in vitro.
Reason (R): These three crops are propagated primarily through sexual seeds, which carry
heavy loads of seed-borne viruses.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Apical and axillary meristems of banana, sugarcane, and potato have been
successfully cultured in vitro.
Reason (R): These three crops are propagated primarily through sexual seeds, which carry
heavy loads of seed-borne viruses.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
47.Consider the following statements regarding the protoplast isolation process:
I. Plant cells are obtained from two different varieties of plants.
II. The cell walls are digested to obtain naked protoplasts.
III. The isolated protoplasts are surrounded only by their plasma membranes.
IV. The protoplasts must be isolated from the same cell type (e.g. only mesophyll cells).
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
I. Plant cells are obtained from two different varieties of plants.
II. The cell walls are digested to obtain naked protoplasts.
III. The isolated protoplasts are surrounded only by their plasma membranes.
IV. The protoplasts must be isolated from the same cell type (e.g. only mesophyll cells).
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
48.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Fusing naked protoplasts from two different plant varieties yields hybrid
protoplasts that can grow into a new plant.
Reason (R): The hybrid protoplasts combine the genomic contents and desirable characters of
both parental varieties.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Fusing naked protoplasts from two different plant varieties yields hybrid
protoplasts that can grow into a new plant.
Reason (R): The hybrid protoplasts combine the genomic contents and desirable characters of
both parental varieties.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
49.Consider the following statements regarding the somatic hybrid 'pomato':
I. Pomato was constructed by fusing tomato and potato protoplasts.
II. Pomato combined the biological characteristics of both tomato and potato.
III. Pomato was a highly successful commercial crop that is widely grown today.
IV. Pomato lacked the desired combination of characteristics for commercial utilization.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
I. Pomato was constructed by fusing tomato and potato protoplasts.
II. Pomato combined the biological characteristics of both tomato and potato.
III. Pomato was a highly successful commercial crop that is widely grown today.
IV. Pomato lacked the desired combination of characteristics for commercial utilization.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
50.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The Green Revolution succeeded in tripling the food supply across developing
markets.
Reason (R): This tripling was enough to feed the rapidly growing human population of the
developing world.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The Green Revolution succeeded in tripling the food supply across developing
markets.
Reason (R): This tripling was enough to feed the rapidly growing human population of the
developing world.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
51.Consider the following statements regarding the contributors to increased yields during
the Green Revolution:
I. Increased yields were partly due to the use of improved crop varieties.
II. Increased yields were mainly due to better management practices and use of agrochemicals.
III. Agrochemicals are highly economical for farmers in the developing world.
IV. Conventional breeding is highly efficient and can easily continue to increase yields.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
the Green Revolution:
I. Increased yields were partly due to the use of improved crop varieties.
II. Increased yields were mainly due to better management practices and use of agrochemicals.
III. Agrochemicals are highly economical for farmers in the developing world.
IV. Conventional breeding is highly efficient and can easily continue to increase yields.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
52.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Explants are grown inside a test tube under strictly sterile conditions in special
nutrient media.
Reason (R): Sterile conditions are required to prevent contaminating microorganisms from
growing in the rich nutrient medium.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Explants are grown inside a test tube under strictly sterile conditions in special
nutrient media.
Reason (R): Sterile conditions are required to prevent contaminating microorganisms from
growing in the rich nutrient medium.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
53.According to the NCERT textbook, which of the following represents the correct list of
media components required in plant tissue culture?
I. A carbon source such as sucrose.
II. Inorganic salts and vitamins.
III. Amino acids.
IV. Growth regulators like auxins and cytokinins.
Choose the correct option:
media components required in plant tissue culture?
I. A carbon source such as sucrose.
II. Inorganic salts and vitamins.
III. Amino acids.
IV. Growth regulators like auxins and cytokinins.
Choose the correct option:
54.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Micro-propagated plants are somaclones that remain genetically identical to their
original parent plant.
Reason (R): Micro-propagation relies on asexual mitotic propagation, which completely
preserves the parental genetic combination.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Micro-propagated plants are somaclones that remain genetically identical to their
original parent plant.
Reason (R): Micro-propagation relies on asexual mitotic propagation, which completely
preserves the parental genetic combination.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
55.Which of the following plant tissues are cultured in vitro to obtain virus-free clones of
infected parents according to the NCERT textbook?
I. Apical meristem.
II. Axillary meristem.
III. Lateral cambium.
IV. Root cap cells.
Choose the correct option:
infected parents according to the NCERT textbook?
I. Apical meristem.
II. Axillary meristem.
III. Lateral cambium.
IV. Root cap cells.
Choose the correct option:
56.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Scientists have succeeded in culturing meristems to obtain virus-free plants of
banana, sugarcane, and potato.
Reason (R): Systemic viruses are completely absent from the apical and axillary meristems of
these three crops even during heavy infection.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Scientists have succeeded in culturing meristems to obtain virus-free plants of
banana, sugarcane, and potato.
Reason (R): Systemic viruses are completely absent from the apical and axillary meristems of
these three crops even during heavy infection.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
57.Consider the following statements regarding the isolated naked protoplasts utilized in
somatic hybridisation:
I. They represent plant cells from which the cell wall has been completely digested.
II. They are surrounded only by their plasma membranes.
III. They retain a thin, rigid primary cellulosic cell wall to prevent mechanical lysis.
IV. They are surrounded by a thick callose wall composed of beta-1,3-glucan.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
somatic hybridisation:
I. They represent plant cells from which the cell wall has been completely digested.
II. They are surrounded only by their plasma membranes.
III. They retain a thin, rigid primary cellulosic cell wall to prevent mechanical lysis.
IV. They are surrounded by a thick callose wall composed of beta-1,3-glucan.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
58.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Isolated protoplasts from two different varieties of plants are fused to get hybrid
protoplasts.
Reason (R): Protoplast fusion combines the genetic characters and cytoplasm of two different
parent varieties in vitro.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Isolated protoplasts from two different varieties of plants are fused to get hybrid
protoplasts.
Reason (R): Protoplast fusion combines the genetic characters and cytoplasm of two different
parent varieties in vitro.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
59.Consider the following statements regarding the somatic hybrid 'pomato':
I. Pomato was constructed by fusing tomato and potato protoplasts.
II. Pomato combined the biological characteristics of both tomato and potato.
III. Pomato was a highly successful commercial crop that is widely grown today.
IV. Pomato lacked the desired combination of characteristics for commercial utilization.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
I. Pomato was constructed by fusing tomato and potato protoplasts.
II. Pomato combined the biological characteristics of both tomato and potato.
III. Pomato was a highly successful commercial crop that is widely grown today.
IV. Pomato lacked the desired combination of characteristics for commercial utilization.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
60.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The Green Revolution succeeded in tripling the food supply across developing
markets.
Reason (R): This tripling was enough to feed the rapidly growing human population of the
developing world.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The Green Revolution succeeded in tripling the food supply across developing
markets.
Reason (R): This tripling was enough to feed the rapidly growing human population of the
developing world.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
61.Consider the following statements regarding the biological kingdoms that can be
genetically modified to form GMOs:
I. Plants whose genes have been altered by manipulation are called Genetically Modified
Organisms (GMO).
II. Bacteria and fungi whose genes have been altered by manipulation are called GMOs.
III. Animals whose genes have been altered by manipulation are called GMOs.
IV. Eukaryotic viruses whose genomes have been spliced in vitro are explicitly listed in Section
10.1 as GMOs.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
genetically modified to form GMOs:
I. Plants whose genes have been altered by manipulation are called Genetically Modified
Organisms (GMO).
II. Bacteria and fungi whose genes have been altered by manipulation are called GMOs.
III. Animals whose genes have been altered by manipulation are called GMOs.
IV. Eukaryotic viruses whose genomes have been spliced in vitro are explicitly listed in Section
10.1 as GMOs.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
62.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Genetic modification has made crop plants significantly more tolerant to abiotic
stresses.
Reason (R): GM crops have been engineered to withstand extreme environmental parameters
like cold, drought, salt, and heat.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Genetic modification has made crop plants significantly more tolerant to abiotic
stresses.
Reason (R): GM crops have been engineered to withstand extreme environmental parameters
like cold, drought, salt, and heat.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
63.According to the NCERT textbook, genetic modification has been useful in which of the
following specific ways in plants?
I. Made crops more tolerant to abiotic stresses (cold, drought, salt, heat).
II. Reduced reliance on chemical pesticides (pest-resistant crops).
III. Helped to reduce post-harvest losses.
IV. Increased efficiency of mineral usage by plants to prevent early exhaustion of soil fertility.
V. Enhanced nutritional value of food, such as Vitamin A enriched Golden Rice.
Choose the correct option:
following specific ways in plants?
I. Made crops more tolerant to abiotic stresses (cold, drought, salt, heat).
II. Reduced reliance on chemical pesticides (pest-resistant crops).
III. Helped to reduce post-harvest losses.
IV. Increased efficiency of mineral usage by plants to prevent early exhaustion of soil fertility.
V. Enhanced nutritional value of food, such as Vitamin A enriched Golden Rice.
Choose the correct option:
64.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Genetic modification has increased the efficiency of mineral usage by plant crops.
Reason (R): Increased mineral efficiency prevents the early exhaustion of the fertility of the soil.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Genetic modification has increased the efficiency of mineral usage by plant crops.
Reason (R): Increased mineral efficiency prevents the early exhaustion of the fertility of the soil.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
65.Consider the following statements regarding the nutritionally enhanced GM crop 'golden
rice':
I. Golden rice represents a GM plant developed to enhance the nutritional value of food.
II. Golden rice is enriched with Vitamin 'A'.
III. The golden color of the grains is due to high concentrations of inorganic iron deposits.
IV. The textbook states that golden rice was engineered by splicing mammalian liver genes into
E. coli.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
rice':
I. Golden rice represents a GM plant developed to enhance the nutritional value of food.
II. Golden rice is enriched with Vitamin 'A'.
III. The golden color of the grains is due to high concentrations of inorganic iron deposits.
IV. The textbook states that golden rice was engineered by splicing mammalian liver genes into
E. coli.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
66.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Genetic modification has been used to create tailor-made plants to supply
alternative resources to industries.
Reason (R): These alternative resources are supplied in the form of starches, fuels, and
pharmaceuticals.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Genetic modification has been used to create tailor-made plants to supply
alternative resources to industries.
Reason (R): These alternative resources are supplied in the form of starches, fuels, and
pharmaceuticals.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
67.Consider the following statements regarding the abiotic stresses tolerated by GM crop
plants:
I. GM crops are made more tolerant to cold and drought.
II. GM crops are made more tolerant to salt and heat.
III. Pathogenic fungi represent a critical abiotic stress tolerated by Bt cotton plants.
IV. The plant parasite Meloidogyne incognitia is classified as an abiotic stress in tobacco.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
plants:
I. GM crops are made more tolerant to cold and drought.
II. GM crops are made more tolerant to salt and heat.
III. Pathogenic fungi represent a critical abiotic stress tolerated by Bt cotton plants.
IV. The plant parasite Meloidogyne incognitia is classified as an abiotic stress in tobacco.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
68.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Genetic modification in plant breeding has successfully reduced post-harvest
losses.
Reason (R): GM crops possess delayed cell senescence and cell wall degradation pathways that
preserve structural integrity after harvest.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Genetic modification in plant breeding has successfully reduced post-harvest
losses.
Reason (R): GM crops possess delayed cell senescence and cell wall degradation pathways that
preserve structural integrity after harvest.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
69.According to the NCERT textbook, which of the following is explicitly listed as a crop
engineered for enhanced nutritional value?
I. Golden rice.
II. Vitamin 'A' enriched rice.
III. High-lysine maize hybrids.
IV. Iron-enriched spinach vegetative clones.
Choose the correct option:
engineered for enhanced nutritional value?
I. Golden rice.
II. Vitamin 'A' enriched rice.
III. High-lysine maize hybrids.
IV. Iron-enriched spinach vegetative clones.
Choose the correct option:
70.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Using genetically modified crops is a possible solution to minimize the use of
fertilisers and chemical pesticides.
Reason (R): GM crops are engineered to express biological pathways that enhance mineral
usage and provide insect resistance, reducing chemical dependency.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Using genetically modified crops is a possible solution to minimize the use of
fertilisers and chemical pesticides.
Reason (R): GM crops are engineered to express biological pathways that enhance mineral
usage and provide insect resistance, reducing chemical dependency.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
71.Which of the following resources can be supplied to industries using tailor-made GM
plants according to the NCERT textbook?
I. Starches.
II. Fuels.
III. Pharmaceuticals.
IV. Bioplastics.
Choose the correct option:
plants according to the NCERT textbook?
I. Starches.
II. Fuels.
III. Pharmaceuticals.
IV. Bioplastics.
Choose the correct option:
72.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Plants, bacteria, fungi, and animals whose genes have been altered by
manipulation are called GMOs.
Reason (R): Genetically modified organisms are created exclusively through natural horizontal
gene transfer methods.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Plants, bacteria, fungi, and animals whose genes have been altered by
manipulation are called GMOs.
Reason (R): Genetically modified organisms are created exclusively through natural horizontal
gene transfer methods.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
73.Consider the following statements regarding the mineral usage efficiency of GM plants:
I. Genetic modification has increased the efficiency of mineral usage by plants.
II. Increased mineral efficiency prevents the early exhaustion of the fertility of the soil.
III. GM plants exhaust soil minerals much faster to maximize early yields.
IV. The increased mineral efficiency is achieved by adding high concentrations of chemical
fertilisers directly to E. coli plasmids.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
I. Genetic modification has increased the efficiency of mineral usage by plants.
II. Increased mineral efficiency prevents the early exhaustion of the fertility of the soil.
III. GM plants exhaust soil minerals much faster to maximize early yields.
IV. The increased mineral efficiency is achieved by adding high concentrations of chemical
fertilisers directly to E. coli plasmids.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
74.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Golden rice represents a GM crop engineered to possess enhanced nutritional
value.
Reason (R): Golden rice is a Vitamin 'A' enriched rice variety developed by introducing beta-
carotene biosynthetic genes.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Golden rice represents a GM crop engineered to possess enhanced nutritional
value.
Reason (R): Golden rice is a Vitamin 'A' enriched rice variety developed by introducing beta-
carotene biosynthetic genes.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
75.According to Section 10.1 of the NCERT textbook, what is the primary purpose of
engineering pest-resistant plants using genetic modification?
I. To decrease the amount of chemical pesticide used.
II. To create a bio-pesticide in the plant itself.
III. To eliminate insect-pollinators from the agricultural ecosystem.
IV. To completely replace the need for irrigation in arid regions.
Choose the correct option:
engineering pest-resistant plants using genetic modification?
I. To decrease the amount of chemical pesticide used.
II. To create a bio-pesticide in the plant itself.
III. To eliminate insect-pollinators from the agricultural ecosystem.
IV. To completely replace the need for irrigation in arid regions.
Choose the correct option:
76.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Bt toxin gene cloned from Bacillus thuringiensis acts as a built-in bio-pesticide
when expressed in plants.
Reason (R): The expressed Bt toxin provides resistance to target insect groups without the need
for chemical insecticides.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Bt toxin gene cloned from Bacillus thuringiensis acts as a built-in bio-pesticide
when expressed in plants.
Reason (R): The expressed Bt toxin provides resistance to target insect groups without the need
for chemical insecticides.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
77.Which of the following crop plants have been engineered to express Bt toxin genes
according to the NCERT textbook?
I. Bt cotton.
II. Bt corn.
III. Rice, tomato, and potato.
IV. Soyabean.
V. Wheat and barley.
Choose the correct option:
according to the NCERT textbook?
I. Bt cotton.
II. Bt corn.
III. Rice, tomato, and potato.
IV. Soyabean.
V. Wheat and barley.
Choose the correct option:
78.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Strains of Bacillus thuringiensis produce insecticidal proteins that kill
lepidopterans, coleopterans, and dipterans.
Reason (R): Lepidopterans are represented in the text by beetles, coleopterans by tobacco
budworm, and dipterans by flies and mosquitoes.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Strains of Bacillus thuringiensis produce insecticidal proteins that kill
lepidopterans, coleopterans, and dipterans.
Reason (R): Lepidopterans are represented in the text by beetles, coleopterans by tobacco
budworm, and dipterans by flies and mosquitoes.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
79.Consider the following statements regarding the production of insecticidal proteins in
Bacillus thuringiensis:
I. Bacillus thuringiensis forms protein crystals during a particular phase of their growth.
II. These crystals contain a toxic insecticidal protein.
III. The crystal protein is continuously synthesized and secreted throughout all phases of
bacterial cell replication.
IV. The insecticidal protein represents an active enzyme that directly digests the bacterial cell
wall.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
Bacillus thuringiensis:
I. Bacillus thuringiensis forms protein crystals during a particular phase of their growth.
II. These crystals contain a toxic insecticidal protein.
III. The crystal protein is continuously synthesized and secreted throughout all phases of
bacterial cell replication.
IV. The insecticidal protein represents an active enzyme that directly digests the bacterial cell
wall.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
80.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The Bt toxin protein does not kill the host Bacillus thuringiensis bacterium.
Reason (R): Actually, the Bt toxin protein exists as an inactive protoxin in the bacterium and
only becomes active in the insect gut.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The Bt toxin protein does not kill the host Bacillus thuringiensis bacterium.
Reason (R): Actually, the Bt toxin protein exists as an inactive protoxin in the bacterium and
only becomes active in the insect gut.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
81.Consider the following statements regarding the activation of the inactive Bt protoxin
inside the target insect:
I. Once an insect ingests the inactive toxin, it is converted into an active form.
II. The activation occurs due to the alkaline pH of the insect gut which solubilises the crystals.
III. The activation occurs due to the highly acidic pH of the insect midgut which digests the
protoxin complex.
IV. The active toxin binds to the surface of hindgut epithelial cells to block osmotic transport.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
inside the target insect:
I. Once an insect ingests the inactive toxin, it is converted into an active form.
II. The activation occurs due to the alkaline pH of the insect gut which solubilises the crystals.
III. The activation occurs due to the highly acidic pH of the insect midgut which digests the
protoxin complex.
IV. The active toxin binds to the surface of hindgut epithelial cells to block osmotic transport.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
82.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The activated Bt toxin causes pore creation, cell swelling, and lysis, leading to the
death of the target insect.
Reason (R): The activated toxin binds directly to the surface of midgut epithelial cells to execute
its physiological effect.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The activated Bt toxin causes pore creation, cell swelling, and lysis, leading to the
death of the target insect.
Reason (R): The activated toxin binds directly to the surface of midgut epithelial cells to execute
its physiological effect.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
83.Consider the following statements regarding the selection and specificity of Bt toxin genes
in plant breeding:
I. Specific Bt toxin genes were isolated from Bacillus thuringiensis and incorporated into several
crop plants.
II. The choice of genes depends upon the crop and the targeted pest.
III. Most Bt toxins are highly broad-spectrum and will kill all agricultural insects
indiscriminately.
IV. The toxin gene cryIAc is named cry because it induces chromosomal crystalline mutations.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
in plant breeding:
I. Specific Bt toxin genes were isolated from Bacillus thuringiensis and incorporated into several
crop plants.
II. The choice of genes depends upon the crop and the targeted pest.
III. Most Bt toxins are highly broad-spectrum and will kill all agricultural insects
indiscriminately.
IV. The toxin gene cryIAc is named cry because it induces chromosomal crystalline mutations.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
84.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The cryIAc and cryIIAb genes are selected to control cotton bollworms in
agricultural crops.
Reason (R): The cryIAb gene is selected specifically to control the corn borer pest.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The cryIAc and cryIIAb genes are selected to control cotton bollworms in
agricultural crops.
Reason (R): The cryIAb gene is selected specifically to control the corn borer pest.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
85.Consider the following combinations of Cry genes and their target pests:
I. cryIAc controls cotton bollworms.
II. cryIIAb controls cotton bollworms.
III. cryIAb controls corn borer.
IV. cryIIAb controls corn borer.
Which of the combinations given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
I. cryIAc controls cotton bollworms.
II. cryIIAb controls cotton bollworms.
III. cryIAb controls corn borer.
IV. cryIIAb controls corn borer.
Which of the combinations given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
86.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The NCERT textbook provides diagrammatic representations of cotton bolls
destroyed by bollworms.
Reason (R): Figure 10.1 illustrates a destroyed cotton boll in panel (a) and a fully mature
healthy cotton boll in panel (b).
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The NCERT textbook provides diagrammatic representations of cotton bolls
destroyed by bollworms.
Reason (R): Figure 10.1 illustrates a destroyed cotton boll in panel (a) and a fully mature
healthy cotton boll in panel (b).
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
87.Consider the following statements regarding the nematode parasite Meloidogyne
incognitia:
I. Several nematodes parasitise a wide variety of plants and animals, including human beings.
II. A nematode Meloidogyne incognitia infects the roots of tobacco plants.
III. The nematode root infection causes a great reduction in crop yield.
IV. Meloidogyne incognitia represents an endoparasitic flagellate bacterium that digests
vascular cell walls.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
incognitia:
I. Several nematodes parasitise a wide variety of plants and animals, including human beings.
II. A nematode Meloidogyne incognitia infects the roots of tobacco plants.
III. The nematode root infection causes a great reduction in crop yield.
IV. Meloidogyne incognitia represents an endoparasitic flagellate bacterium that digests
vascular cell walls.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
88.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): RNA interference (RNAi) was adopted as a novel strategy to prevent
Meloidogyne incognitia infestation in tobacco.
Reason (R): RNAi takes place in all eukaryotic organisms as a highly conserved method of
cellular defense.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): RNA interference (RNAi) was adopted as a novel strategy to prevent
Meloidogyne incognitia infestation in tobacco.
Reason (R): RNAi takes place in all eukaryotic organisms as a highly conserved method of
cellular defense.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
89.Consider the following statements regarding the molecular mechanism of RNA
interference (RNAi):
I. This method involves the silencing of a specific mRNA.
II. The mRNA silencing is due to a complementary dsRNA molecule that binds to the mRNA.
III. The binding of dsRNA to the mRNA prevents its transcription inside the host nucleus.
IV. The binding of dsRNA prevents the translation of the target mRNA (silencing).
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
interference (RNAi):
I. This method involves the silencing of a specific mRNA.
II. The mRNA silencing is due to a complementary dsRNA molecule that binds to the mRNA.
III. The binding of dsRNA to the mRNA prevents its transcription inside the host nucleus.
IV. The binding of dsRNA prevents the translation of the target mRNA (silencing).
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
90.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The source of the complementary RNA used in RNAi can be from infections by
viruses having RNA genomes.
Reason (R): Viruses having RNA genomes replicate via a double-stranded RNA intermediate,
which acts as the initiator of RNAi.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The source of the complementary RNA used in RNAi can be from infections by
viruses having RNA genomes.
Reason (R): Viruses having RNA genomes replicate via a double-stranded RNA intermediate,
which acts as the initiator of RNAi.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
91.Consider the following statements regarding the taxonomic groups of insects killed by Bt
toxins:
I. Some strains of Bacillus thuringiensis produce proteins that kill lepidopterans such as tobacco
budworm and armyworm.
II. Some strains produce proteins that kill coleopterans such as beetles.
III. Some strains produce proteins that kill dipterans such as flies and mosquitoes.
IV. Some strains produce proteins that kill hemipterans such as aphids and whiteflies.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
toxins:
I. Some strains of Bacillus thuringiensis produce proteins that kill lepidopterans such as tobacco
budworm and armyworm.
II. Some strains produce proteins that kill coleopterans such as beetles.
III. Some strains produce proteins that kill dipterans such as flies and mosquitoes.
IV. Some strains produce proteins that kill hemipterans such as aphids and whiteflies.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
92.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The insecticidal protein crystal produced by Bacillus thuringiensis does not kill
the bacterium itself.
Reason (R): The toxic protein exists as an inactive protoxin and requires the alkaline pH of the
insect gut to solubilise the crystals and become active.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The insecticidal protein crystal produced by Bacillus thuringiensis does not kill
the bacterium itself.
Reason (R): The toxic protein exists as an inactive protoxin and requires the alkaline pH of the
insect gut to solubilise the crystals and become active.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
93.Consider the following statements regarding the cytolytic action of activated Bt toxin
inside the insect gut:
I. The activated toxin binds to the surface of midgut epithelial cells.
II. The binding creates pores in the cell membrane of the epithelial cells.
III. The pores cause water and ion influx, leading to cell swelling and lysis.
IV. The ultimate result of this lytic action is the death of the target insect.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
inside the insect gut:
I. The activated toxin binds to the surface of midgut epithelial cells.
II. The binding creates pores in the cell membrane of the epithelial cells.
III. The pores cause water and ion influx, leading to cell swelling and lysis.
IV. The ultimate result of this lytic action is the death of the target insect.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
94.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The choice of Bt toxin genes incorporated into crop plants depends upon the crop
and the targeted pest.
Reason (R): Most Bt toxins are insect-group specific, targeting specific orders such as
lepidopterans or coleopterans.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The choice of Bt toxin genes incorporated into crop plants depends upon the crop
and the targeted pest.
Reason (R): Most Bt toxins are insect-group specific, targeting specific orders such as
lepidopterans or coleopterans.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
95.According to the NCERT textbook, which of the following is a crop plant in which cloned
Bt toxin genes have been expressed to create bio-pesticides?
I. Bt cotton and Bt corn.
II. Rice.
III. Tomato and potato.
IV. Soyabean.
Choose the correct option:
Bt toxin genes have been expressed to create bio-pesticides?
I. Bt cotton and Bt corn.
II. Rice.
III. Tomato and potato.
IV. Soyabean.
Choose the correct option:
96.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Bacillus thuringiensis forms protein crystals during a particular phase of their
growth.
Reason (R): These crystals are synthesized continuously throughout all phases of bacterial
replication to maximize vegetative spore viability.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Bacillus thuringiensis forms protein crystals during a particular phase of their
growth.
Reason (R): These crystals are synthesized continuously throughout all phases of bacterial
replication to maximize vegetative spore viability.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
97.Which of the following insect targets is correctly matched with its taxonomic order
according to the NCERT textbook?
I. Lepidopterans — tobacco budworm, armyworm.
II. Coleopterans — beetles.
III. Dipterans — flies, mosquitoes.
IV. Hymenopterans — wasps, bees.
Choose the correct option:
according to the NCERT textbook?
I. Lepidopterans — tobacco budworm, armyworm.
II. Coleopterans — beetles.
III. Dipterans — flies, mosquitoes.
IV. Hymenopterans — wasps, bees.
Choose the correct option:
98.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The activated Bt toxin binds specifically to the surface of hindgut epithelial cells
inside the target insect.
Reason (R): The hindgut epithelium has a highly acidic environment that enables covalent
linkage of the active toxin to ion channel proteins.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The activated Bt toxin binds specifically to the surface of hindgut epithelial cells
inside the target insect.
Reason (R): The hindgut epithelium has a highly acidic environment that enables covalent
linkage of the active toxin to ion channel proteins.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
99.Consider the following statements regarding the expression of Bt toxin genes in plant
hosts:
I. Bt toxin gene has been cloned from Bacillus thuringiensis bacteria.
II. The cloned gene is expressed in plant tissues to provide resistance to target insects.
III. The expressed Bt toxin acts in vitro as a broad-spectrum contact fungicide.
IV. The plant host requires continuous sprays of divalent calcium to stabilize the active toxin
protein.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
hosts:
I. Bt toxin gene has been cloned from Bacillus thuringiensis bacteria.
II. The cloned gene is expressed in plant tissues to provide resistance to target insects.
III. The expressed Bt toxin acts in vitro as a broad-spectrum contact fungicide.
IV. The plant host requires continuous sprays of divalent calcium to stabilize the active toxin
protein.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
100.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Once an insect ingests the inactive protoxin, it is rapidly converted into an active
form of the toxin.
Reason (R): The alkaline pH of the insect gut solubilises the protein crystals, enabling enzymatic
cleavage into the active toxin.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Once an insect ingests the inactive protoxin, it is rapidly converted into an active
form of the toxin.
Reason (R): The alkaline pH of the insect gut solubilises the protein crystals, enabling enzymatic
cleavage into the active toxin.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
101.Consider the following pairings of insect targets and their representative groups in the
NCERT textbook:
I. Lepidopterans — tobacco budworm, armyworm.
II. Coleopterans — beetles.
III. Dipterans — flies, mosquitoes.
IV. Lepidopterans — beetles, flies.
Which of the combinations given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
NCERT textbook:
I. Lepidopterans — tobacco budworm, armyworm.
II. Coleopterans — beetles.
III. Dipterans — flies, mosquitoes.
IV. Lepidopterans — beetles, flies.
Which of the combinations given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
102.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The Bt toxin is coded by a specific gene called cryIAc.
Reason (R): This specific gene is named cry because it resides in the chromosomal crypts of the
host Bacillus thuringiensis genome.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The Bt toxin is coded by a specific gene called cryIAc.
Reason (R): This specific gene is named cry because it resides in the chromosomal crypts of the
host Bacillus thuringiensis genome.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
103.Which of the following statements perfectly describes a 'bio-pesticide' under plant genetic
engineering guidelines?
I. A toxin gene cloned from bacteria and expressed in plants to provide built-in insect resistance.
II. A chemical insecticide synthesized in vitro and sprayed using biological vectors.
III. A pathogenic virus introduced into E. coli to digest host larval tissues in the soil.
IV. A heavy metal micro-particle coated with bacterial plasmids to induce plant somatic
mutations.
Choose the correct option:
engineering guidelines?
I. A toxin gene cloned from bacteria and expressed in plants to provide built-in insect resistance.
II. A chemical insecticide synthesized in vitro and sprayed using biological vectors.
III. A pathogenic virus introduced into E. coli to digest host larval tissues in the soil.
IV. A heavy metal micro-particle coated with bacterial plasmids to induce plant somatic
mutations.
Choose the correct option:
104.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Most Bt toxins are insect-group specific, meaning they will not kill non-target
insects of other orders.
Reason (R): The selective lytic action depends on the insect gut pH and the specific membrane
receptors present in midgut epithelial cells.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Most Bt toxins are insect-group specific, meaning they will not kill non-target
insects of other orders.
Reason (R): The selective lytic action depends on the insect gut pH and the specific membrane
receptors present in midgut epithelial cells.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
105.Consider the following statements regarding the cellular changes in midgut epithelial cells
caused by active Bt toxin:
I. Active Bt toxin binds to the surface of midgut epithelial cells.
II. The active toxin creates pores in the membrane of the epithelial cells.
III. The pore creation causes cell swelling and lysis.
IV. The cell swelling and lysis eventually leads to the death of the target insect.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
caused by active Bt toxin:
I. Active Bt toxin binds to the surface of midgut epithelial cells.
II. The active toxin creates pores in the membrane of the epithelial cells.
III. The pore creation causes cell swelling and lysis.
IV. The cell swelling and lysis eventually leads to the death of the target insect.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
106.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Cloned Bt toxin genes have been expressed in rice, tomato, potato, and soyabean.
Reason (R): These four food crops are highly susceptible to coleopteran stem borers that destroy
the apical meristem.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Cloned Bt toxin genes have been expressed in rice, tomato, potato, and soyabean.
Reason (R): These four food crops are highly susceptible to coleopteran stem borers that destroy
the apical meristem.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
107.Consider the following combinations of Cry genes and their target pests:
I. cryIAc controls cotton bollworms.
II. cryIIAb controls cotton bollworms.
III. cryIAb controls corn borer.
IV. cryIAb controls cotton bollworms.
Which of the combinations given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
I. cryIAc controls cotton bollworms.
II. cryIIAb controls cotton bollworms.
III. cryIAb controls corn borer.
IV. cryIAb controls cotton bollworms.
Which of the combinations given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
108.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Bacillus thuringiensis forms protein crystals during a particular phase of their
growth.
Reason (R): These crystals contain a toxic insecticidal protein that is actively toxic to the host
bacterium itself.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Bacillus thuringiensis forms protein crystals during a particular phase of their
growth.
Reason (R): These crystals contain a toxic insecticidal protein that is actively toxic to the host
bacterium itself.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
109.Which of the following insect targets is correctly paired with its representative order
according to the NCERT textbook?
I. Lepidopterans — tobacco budworm, armyworm.
II. Coleopterans — beetles.
III. Dipterans — flies, mosquitoes.
IV. Coleopterans — armyworm, beetles.
Choose the correct option:
according to the NCERT textbook?
I. Lepidopterans — tobacco budworm, armyworm.
II. Coleopterans — beetles.
III. Dipterans — flies, mosquitoes.
IV. Coleopterans — armyworm, beetles.
Choose the correct option:
110.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The activated Bt toxin creates pores in the cell membranes of midgut epithelial
cells.
Reason (R): The creation of pores causes cell swelling and lysis, eventually leading to the death
of the target insect.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The activated Bt toxin creates pores in the cell membranes of midgut epithelial
cells.
Reason (R): The creation of pores causes cell swelling and lysis, eventually leading to the death
of the target insect.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
111.Consider the following statements regarding the biological role of Bt cotton in
agriculture:
I. Bt cotton expresses cloned genes from Bacillus thuringiensis bacteria.
II. The expressed Bt toxin acts in vitro as a bio-pesticide.
III. The expressed Bt toxin provides resistance to target insects without the need for chemical
insecticides.
IV. The Bt cotton plant requires continuous sprays of chemical fertilizers to synthesize the toxin
protein.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
agriculture:
I. Bt cotton expresses cloned genes from Bacillus thuringiensis bacteria.
II. The expressed Bt toxin acts in vitro as a bio-pesticide.
III. The expressed Bt toxin provides resistance to target insects without the need for chemical
insecticides.
IV. The Bt cotton plant requires continuous sprays of chemical fertilizers to synthesize the toxin
protein.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
112.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The Bt protoxin crystals solubilise inside the insect gut to become actively toxic.
Reason (R): The alkaline pH of the insect gut solubilises the protein crystals, enabling their
activation.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The Bt protoxin crystals solubilise inside the insect gut to become actively toxic.
Reason (R): The alkaline pH of the insect gut solubilises the protein crystals, enabling their
activation.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
113.Consider the following insect targets and their taxonomic order assignments in Chapter
10:
I. Lepidopterans — tobacco budworm, armyworm.
II. Coleopterans — beetles.
III. Dipterans — flies, mosquitoes.
IV. Dipterans — armyworm, beetles.
Which of the combinations given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
10:
I. Lepidopterans — tobacco budworm, armyworm.
II. Coleopterans — beetles.
III. Dipterans — flies, mosquitoes.
IV. Dipterans — armyworm, beetles.
Which of the combinations given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
114.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The Bt toxin is coded by a specific gene called cryIAc.
Reason (R): This specific gene is named cry because it resides in the chromosomal crypts of the
host Bacillus thuringiensis genome.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The Bt toxin is coded by a specific gene called cryIAc.
Reason (R): This specific gene is named cry because it resides in the chromosomal crypts of the
host Bacillus thuringiensis genome.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
115.Which of the following statements perfectly describes a 'bio-pesticide' under plant genetic
engineering guidelines?
I. A toxin gene cloned from bacteria and expressed in plants to provide built-in insect resistance.
II. A chemical insecticide synthesized in vitro and sprayed using biological vectors.
III. A pathogenic virus introduced into E. coli to digest host larval tissues in the soil.
IV. A heavy metal micro-particle coated with biological plasmids to induce plant somatic
mutations.
Choose the correct option:
engineering guidelines?
I. A toxin gene cloned from bacteria and expressed in plants to provide built-in insect resistance.
II. A chemical insecticide synthesized in vitro and sprayed using biological vectors.
III. A pathogenic virus introduced into E. coli to digest host larval tissues in the soil.
IV. A heavy metal micro-particle coated with biological plasmids to induce plant somatic
mutations.
Choose the correct option:
116.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Most Bt toxins are insect-group specific, meaning they will not kill non-target
insects of other orders.
Reason (R): The selective lytic action depends on the insect gut pH and the specific membrane
receptors present in midgut epithelial cells.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Most Bt toxins are insect-group specific, meaning they will not kill non-target
insects of other orders.
Reason (R): The selective lytic action depends on the insect gut pH and the specific membrane
receptors present in midgut epithelial cells.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
117.Consider the following statements regarding the cellular changes in midgut epithelial cells
caused by active Bt toxin:
I. Active Bt toxin binds to the surface of midgut epithelial cells.
II. The active toxin creates pores in the membrane of the epithelial cells.
III. The pore creation causes cell swelling and lysis.
IV. The cell swelling and lysis eventually leads to the death of the target insect.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
caused by active Bt toxin:
I. Active Bt toxin binds to the surface of midgut epithelial cells.
II. The active toxin creates pores in the membrane of the epithelial cells.
III. The pore creation causes cell swelling and lysis.
IV. The cell swelling and lysis eventually leads to the death of the target insect.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
118.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Cloned Bt toxin genes have been expressed in rice, tomato, potato, and soyabean.
Reason (R): These four food crops are highly susceptible to coleopteran stem borers that destroy
the apical meristem.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Cloned Bt toxin genes have been expressed in rice, tomato, potato, and soyabean.
Reason (R): These four food crops are highly susceptible to coleopteran stem borers that destroy
the apical meristem.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
119.Consider the following combinations of Cry genes and their target pests:
I. cryIAc controls cotton bollworms.
II. cryIIAb controls cotton bollworms.
III. cryIAb controls corn borer.
IV. cryIAb controls cotton bollworms.
Which of the combinations given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
I. cryIAc controls cotton bollworms.
II. cryIIAb controls cotton bollworms.
III. cryIAb controls corn borer.
IV. cryIAb controls cotton bollworms.
Which of the combinations given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
120.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Bacillus thuringiensis forms protein crystals during a particular phase of their
growth.
Reason (R): These crystals contain a toxic insecticidal protein that is actively toxic to the host
bacterium itself.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Bacillus thuringiensis forms protein crystals during a particular phase of their
growth.
Reason (R): These crystals contain a toxic insecticidal protein that is actively toxic to the host
bacterium itself.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
121.Consider the following statements regarding the capitalization and naming conventions of
Cry proteins and genes in the NCERT textbook:
I. The toxin gene is named cry (in lowercase italics).
II. The specific protein encoded by the gene is named Cry (with a capital C, non-italicized).
III. The specific gene that controls cotton bollworms is written in the text as cryIAc.
IV. The text states that all Cry genes must be written in uppercase block letters (CRY) to
represent their crystalline structure.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
Cry proteins and genes in the NCERT textbook:
I. The toxin gene is named cry (in lowercase italics).
II. The specific protein encoded by the gene is named Cry (with a capital C, non-italicized).
III. The specific gene that controls cotton bollworms is written in the text as cryIAc.
IV. The text states that all Cry genes must be written in uppercase block letters (CRY) to
represent their crystalline structure.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
122.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The nematode Meloidogyne incognitia infects the roots of tobacco plants, causing
a great reduction in yield.
Reason (R): Meloidogyne incognitia is a highly specialized bacterial pathogen that colonizes the
vascular bundle of dicots.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The nematode Meloidogyne incognitia infects the roots of tobacco plants, causing
a great reduction in yield.
Reason (R): Meloidogyne incognitia is a highly specialized bacterial pathogen that colonizes the
vascular bundle of dicots.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
123.Consider the following statements regarding the biological distribution and evolutionary
role of RNA interference (RNAi):
I. RNAi takes place in all eukaryotic organisms.
II. RNAi serves as a conserved method of cellular defense.
III. RNAi is a primary molecular translation pathway in prokaryotic bacteria like E. coli.
IV. The cellular defense role of RNAi is limited exclusively to aquatic monocot plants.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
role of RNA interference (RNAi):
I. RNAi takes place in all eukaryotic organisms.
II. RNAi serves as a conserved method of cellular defense.
III. RNAi is a primary molecular translation pathway in prokaryotic bacteria like E. coli.
IV. The cellular defense role of RNAi is limited exclusively to aquatic monocot plants.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
124.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The molecular outcome of RNAi is the silencing of a specific mRNA inside host
cells.
Reason (R): A complementary double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecule binds to and prevents
the translation of the target mRNA.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The molecular outcome of RNAi is the silencing of a specific mRNA inside host
cells.
Reason (R): A complementary double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecule binds to and prevents
the translation of the target mRNA.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
125.According to the NCERT textbook, what could be the source of the complementary
double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) that initiates RNAi?
I. Infection by viruses having RNA genomes.
II. Mobile genetic elements (transposons) that replicate via an RNA intermediate.
III. High-velocity gold or tungsten micro-particles coated with host chromatin.
IV. Native bacterial plasmids from Salmonella typhimurium.
Choose the correct option:
double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) that initiates RNAi?
I. Infection by viruses having RNA genomes.
II. Mobile genetic elements (transposons) that replicate via an RNA intermediate.
III. High-velocity gold or tungsten micro-particles coated with host chromatin.
IV. Native bacterial plasmids from Salmonella typhimurium.
Choose the correct option:
126.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Mobile genetic elements called transposons can act as the source of
complementary RNA in RNAi.
Reason (R): Transposons replicate inside E. coli cells using native DNA polymerase enzymes to
produce circular extra-chromosomal ringlets.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Mobile genetic elements called transposons can act as the source of
complementary RNA in RNAi.
Reason (R): Transposons replicate inside E. coli cells using native DNA polymerase enzymes to
produce circular extra-chromosomal ringlets.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
127.Consider the following statements regarding the specific Cry genes listed in Section 10.1:
I. The proteins encoded by cryIAc control the cotton bollworms.
II. The proteins encoded by cryIIAb control the cotton bollworms.
III. The proteins encoded by cryIAb control the corn borer.
IV. The proteins encoded by cryIIAb control the corn borer.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
I. The proteins encoded by cryIAc control the cotton bollworms.
II. The proteins encoded by cryIIAb control the cotton bollworms.
III. The proteins encoded by cryIAb control the corn borer.
IV. The proteins encoded by cryIIAb control the corn borer.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
128.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The nematode Meloidogyne incognitia causes a great reduction in yield in
tobacco crops.
Reason (R): This parasite infects the leaves of the tobacco plant, blocking carbon dioxide
fixation and photosynthesis.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The nematode Meloidogyne incognitia causes a great reduction in yield in
tobacco crops.
Reason (R): This parasite infects the leaves of the tobacco plant, blocking carbon dioxide
fixation and photosynthesis.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
129.Which of the following statements perfectly describes the evolutionary function of RNAi
according to NCERT Chapter 10?
I. RNAi takes place in all eukaryotic organisms as a method of cellular defense.
II. RNAi is a molecular translation pathway used by E. coli to synthesize peptidoglycan.
III. The textbook describes RNAi as a primitive mitotic checkpoint in unicellular yeast.
IV. RNAi represents a metabolic pathway that increases nitrogen fixation in legumes.
Choose the correct option:
according to NCERT Chapter 10?
I. RNAi takes place in all eukaryotic organisms as a method of cellular defense.
II. RNAi is a molecular translation pathway used by E. coli to synthesize peptidoglycan.
III. The textbook describes RNAi as a primitive mitotic checkpoint in unicellular yeast.
IV. RNAi represents a metabolic pathway that increases nitrogen fixation in legumes.
Choose the correct option:
130.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The molecular consequence of RNAi is the silencing of a specific parasite mRNA
inside transgenic host cells.
Reason (R): A complementary double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecule binds to and prevents
the translation of the target mRNA.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The molecular consequence of RNAi is the silencing of a specific parasite mRNA
inside transgenic host cells.
Reason (R): A complementary double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecule binds to and prevents
the translation of the target mRNA.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
131.According to the NCERT textbook, what could be the molecular source of the
complementary double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) used in RNAi?
I. Infection by viruses having RNA genomes.
II. Mobile genetic elements (transposons) that replicate via an RNA intermediate.
III. Isolated plasmid ringlets from Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
IV. Linear eukaryotic chromatids obtained from E. coli ribosomes.
Choose the correct option:
complementary double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) used in RNAi?
I. Infection by viruses having RNA genomes.
II. Mobile genetic elements (transposons) that replicate via an RNA intermediate.
III. Isolated plasmid ringlets from Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
IV. Linear eukaryotic chromatids obtained from E. coli ribosomes.
Choose the correct option:
132.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Mobile genetic elements called transposons can act as the molecular source of
complementary RNA in RNAi.
Reason (R): Transposons replicate inside eukaryotic cells via an RNA intermediate, which can
form double-stranded RNA complexes.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Mobile genetic elements called transposons can act as the molecular source of
complementary RNA in RNAi.
Reason (R): Transposons replicate inside eukaryotic cells via an RNA intermediate, which can
form double-stranded RNA complexes.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
133.Consider the following combinations of Cry genes and their target pests:
I. cryIAc controls cotton bollworms.
II. cryIIAb controls cotton bollworms.
III. cryIAb controls corn borer.
IV. cryIAc controls corn borer.
Which of the combinations given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
I. cryIAc controls cotton bollworms.
II. cryIIAb controls cotton bollworms.
III. cryIAb controls corn borer.
IV. cryIAc controls corn borer.
Which of the combinations given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
134.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The nematode Meloidogyne incognitia causes a great reduction in yield in
tobacco crops.
Reason (R): This parasite infects the leaves of the tobacco plant, blocking carbon dioxide
fixation and photosynthesis.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The nematode Meloidogyne incognitia causes a great reduction in yield in
tobacco crops.
Reason (R): This parasite infects the leaves of the tobacco plant, blocking carbon dioxide
fixation and photosynthesis.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
135.Which of the following statements perfectly describes the evolutionary function of RNAi
according to NCERT Chapter 10?
I. RNAi takes place in all eukaryotic organisms as a method of cellular defense.
II. RNAi is a molecular translation pathway used by E. coli to synthesize peptidoglycan.
III. The textbook describes RNAi as a primitive mitotic checkpoint in unicellular yeast.
IV. RNAi represents a metabolic pathway that increases nitrogen fixation in legumes.
Choose the correct option:
according to NCERT Chapter 10?
I. RNAi takes place in all eukaryotic organisms as a method of cellular defense.
II. RNAi is a molecular translation pathway used by E. coli to synthesize peptidoglycan.
III. The textbook describes RNAi as a primitive mitotic checkpoint in unicellular yeast.
IV. RNAi represents a metabolic pathway that increases nitrogen fixation in legumes.
Choose the correct option:
136.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The molecular consequence of RNAi is the silencing of a specific parasite mRNA
inside transgenic host cells.
Reason (R): A complementary double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecule binds to and prevents
the translation of the target mRNA.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The molecular consequence of RNAi is the silencing of a specific parasite mRNA
inside transgenic host cells.
Reason (R): A complementary double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecule binds to and prevents
the translation of the target mRNA.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
137.According to the NCERT textbook, what could be the molecular source of the
complementary double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) used in RNAi?
I. Infection by viruses having RNA genomes.
II. Mobile genetic elements (transposons) that replicate via an RNA intermediate.
III. Isolated plasmid ringlets from Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
IV. Linear eukaryotic chromatids obtained from E. coli ribosomes.
Choose the correct option:
complementary double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) used in RNAi?
I. Infection by viruses having RNA genomes.
II. Mobile genetic elements (transposons) that replicate via an RNA intermediate.
III. Isolated plasmid ringlets from Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
IV. Linear eukaryotic chromatids obtained from E. coli ribosomes.
Choose the correct option:
138.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Mobile genetic elements called transposons can act as the molecular source of
complementary RNA in RNAi.
Reason (R): Transposons replicate inside eukaryotic cells via an RNA intermediate, which can
form double-stranded RNA complexes.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Mobile genetic elements called transposons can act as the molecular source of
complementary RNA in RNAi.
Reason (R): Transposons replicate inside eukaryotic cells via an RNA intermediate, which can
form double-stranded RNA complexes.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
139.Consider the following combinations of Cry genes and their target pests:
I. cryIAc controls cotton bollworms.
II. cryIIAb controls cotton bollworms.
III. cryIAb controls corn borer.
IV. cryIAc controls corn borer.
Which of the combinations given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
I. cryIAc controls cotton bollworms.
II. cryIIAb controls cotton bollworms.
III. cryIAb controls corn borer.
IV. cryIAc controls corn borer.
Which of the combinations given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
140.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The nematode Meloidogyne incognitia causes a great reduction in yield in
tobacco crops.
Reason (R): This parasite infects the leaves of the tobacco plant, blocking carbon dioxide
fixation and photosynthesis.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The nematode Meloidogyne incognitia causes a great reduction in yield in
tobacco crops.
Reason (R): This parasite infects the leaves of the tobacco plant, blocking carbon dioxide
fixation and photosynthesis.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
141.Which of the following statements perfectly describes the evolutionary function of RNAi
according to NCERT Chapter 10?
I. RNAi takes place in all eukaryotic organisms as a method of cellular defense.
II. RNAi is a molecular translation pathway used by E. coli to synthesize peptidoglycan.
III. The textbook describes RNAi as a primitive mitotic checkpoint in unicellular yeast.
IV. RNAi represents a metabolic pathway that increases nitrogen fixation in legumes.
Choose the correct option:
according to NCERT Chapter 10?
I. RNAi takes place in all eukaryotic organisms as a method of cellular defense.
II. RNAi is a molecular translation pathway used by E. coli to synthesize peptidoglycan.
III. The textbook describes RNAi as a primitive mitotic checkpoint in unicellular yeast.
IV. RNAi represents a metabolic pathway that increases nitrogen fixation in legumes.
Choose the correct option:
142.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The molecular consequence of RNAi is the silencing of a specific parasite mRNA
inside transgenic host cells.
Reason (R): A complementary double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecule binds to and prevents
the translation of the target mRNA.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The molecular consequence of RNAi is the silencing of a specific parasite mRNA
inside transgenic host cells.
Reason (R): A complementary double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecule binds to and prevents
the translation of the target mRNA.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
143.According to the NCERT textbook, what could be the molecular source of the
complementary double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) used in RNAi?
I. Infection by viruses having RNA genomes.
II. Mobile genetic elements (transposons) that replicate via an RNA intermediate.
III. Isolated plasmid ringlets from Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
IV. Linear eukaryotic chromatids obtained from E. coli ribosomes.
Choose the correct option:
complementary double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) used in RNAi?
I. Infection by viruses having RNA genomes.
II. Mobile genetic elements (transposons) that replicate via an RNA intermediate.
III. Isolated plasmid ringlets from Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
IV. Linear eukaryotic chromatids obtained from E. coli ribosomes.
Choose the correct option:
144.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Mobile genetic elements called transposons can act as the molecular source of
complementary RNA in RNAi.
Reason (R): Transposons replicate inside eukaryotic cells via an RNA intermediate, which can
form double-stranded RNA complexes.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Mobile genetic elements called transposons can act as the molecular source of
complementary RNA in RNAi.
Reason (R): Transposons replicate inside eukaryotic cells via an RNA intermediate, which can
form double-stranded RNA complexes.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
145.Consider the following combinations of Cry genes and their target pests:
I. cryIAc controls cotton bollworms.
II. cryIIAb controls cotton bollworms.
III. cryIAb controls corn borer.
IV. cryIAc controls corn borer.
Which of the combinations given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
I. cryIAc controls cotton bollworms.
II. cryIIAb controls cotton bollworms.
III. cryIAb controls corn borer.
IV. cryIAc controls corn borer.
Which of the combinations given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
146.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The nematode Meloidogyne incognitia causes a great reduction in yield in
tobacco crops.
Reason (R): This parasite infects the leaves of the tobacco plant, blocking carbon dioxide
fixation and photosynthesis.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The nematode Meloidogyne incognitia causes a great reduction in yield in
tobacco crops.
Reason (R): This parasite infects the leaves of the tobacco plant, blocking carbon dioxide
fixation and photosynthesis.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
147.Which of the following statements perfectly describes the evolutionary function of RNAi
according to NCERT Chapter 10?
I. RNAi takes place in all eukaryotic organisms as a method of cellular defense.
II. RNAi is a molecular translation pathway used by E. coli to synthesize peptidoglycan.
III. The textbook describes RNAi as a primitive mitotic checkpoint in unicellular yeast.
IV. RNAi represents a metabolic pathway that increases nitrogen fixation in legumes.
Choose the correct option:
according to NCERT Chapter 10?
I. RNAi takes place in all eukaryotic organisms as a method of cellular defense.
II. RNAi is a molecular translation pathway used by E. coli to synthesize peptidoglycan.
III. The textbook describes RNAi as a primitive mitotic checkpoint in unicellular yeast.
IV. RNAi represents a metabolic pathway that increases nitrogen fixation in legumes.
Choose the correct option:
148.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The molecular consequence of RNAi is the silencing of a specific parasite mRNA
inside transgenic host cells.
Reason (R): A complementary double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecule binds to and prevents
the translation of the target mRNA.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The molecular consequence of RNAi is the silencing of a specific parasite mRNA
inside transgenic host cells.
Reason (R): A complementary double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecule binds to and prevents
the translation of the target mRNA.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
149.According to the NCERT textbook, what could be the molecular source of the
complementary double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) used in RNAi?
I. Infection by viruses having RNA genomes.
II. Mobile genetic elements (transposons) that replicate via an RNA intermediate.
III. Isolated plasmid ringlets from Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
IV. Linear eukaryotic chromatids obtained from E. coli ribosomes.
Choose the correct option:
complementary double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) used in RNAi?
I. Infection by viruses having RNA genomes.
II. Mobile genetic elements (transposons) that replicate via an RNA intermediate.
III. Isolated plasmid ringlets from Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
IV. Linear eukaryotic chromatids obtained from E. coli ribosomes.
Choose the correct option:
150.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Mobile genetic elements called transposons can act as the molecular source of
complementary RNA in RNAi.
Reason (R): Transposons replicate inside eukaryotic cells via an RNA intermediate, which can
form double-stranded RNA complexes.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Mobile genetic elements called transposons can act as the molecular source of
complementary RNA in RNAi.
Reason (R): Transposons replicate inside eukaryotic cells via an RNA intermediate, which can
form double-stranded RNA complexes.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
151.Consider the following statements regarding the genetic engineering of pest resistance in
tobacco plants using Agrobacterium vectors:
I. Nematode-specific genes were introduced into the host tobacco plant using Agrobacterium
vectors.
II. The introduction of DNA was such that it produced both sense and anti-sense RNA in the
host cells.
III. The sense and anti-sense RNA being complementary to each other formed a double-
stranded RNA (dsRNA).
IV. The dsRNA was directly packaged into retroviral capsids to infect E. coli cells in the soil.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
tobacco plants using Agrobacterium vectors:
I. Nematode-specific genes were introduced into the host tobacco plant using Agrobacterium
vectors.
II. The introduction of DNA was such that it produced both sense and anti-sense RNA in the
host cells.
III. The sense and anti-sense RNA being complementary to each other formed a double-
stranded RNA (dsRNA).
IV. The dsRNA was directly packaged into retroviral capsids to infect E. coli cells in the soil.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
152.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) formed inside the host cells initiated the
RNAi pathway.
Reason (R): The dsRNA triggered the sequence-specific degradation and silencing of the specific
mRNA of the nematode.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) formed inside the host cells initiated the
RNAi pathway.
Reason (R): The dsRNA triggered the sequence-specific degradation and silencing of the specific
mRNA of the nematode.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
153.Consider the following statements regarding the survival and consequences of nematode
infestation in transgenic host plants expressing interfering RNA:
I. The parasite could not survive in a transgenic host expressing specific interfering RNA.
II. The transgenic plant got itself protected from the parasite.
III. The parasite adapted rapidly inside the transgenic cell and mutated its complementary
mRNA sequence.
IV. The host plant became highly vulnerable and died within 5 days of deliberate infection.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
infestation in transgenic host plants expressing interfering RNA:
I. The parasite could not survive in a transgenic host expressing specific interfering RNA.
II. The transgenic plant got itself protected from the parasite.
III. The parasite adapted rapidly inside the transgenic cell and mutated its complementary
mRNA sequence.
IV. The host plant became highly vulnerable and died within 5 days of deliberate infection.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
154.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Figure 10.2 provides diagrammatic evidence of host plant-generated dsRNA
triggering protection against nematode infestation.
Reason (R): Panel (a) illustrates typical control plant roots, and panel (b) shows transgenic plant
roots 5 days after deliberate infection.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Figure 10.2 provides diagrammatic evidence of host plant-generated dsRNA
triggering protection against nematode infestation.
Reason (R): Panel (a) illustrates typical control plant roots, and panel (b) shows transgenic plant
roots 5 days after deliberate infection.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
155.Consider the following statements regarding the quantitative scale and safety parameters
of recombinant therapeutics approved for human use:
I. At present, about 30 recombinant therapeutics have been approved for human-use the world
over.
II. In India, exactly 12 of these recombinant therapeutics are presently being marketed.
III. The recombinant therapeutics approved in India are completely different and independent
of the 30 global ones.
IV. The text states that recombinant therapeutics are highly unsafe and induce heavy allergic
reactions compared to animal products.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
of recombinant therapeutics approved for human use:
I. At present, about 30 recombinant therapeutics have been approved for human-use the world
over.
II. In India, exactly 12 of these recombinant therapeutics are presently being marketed.
III. The recombinant therapeutics approved in India are completely different and independent
of the 30 global ones.
IV. The text states that recombinant therapeutics are highly unsafe and induce heavy allergic
reactions compared to animal products.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
156.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Recombinant therapeutics do not induce unwanted immunological responses in
E.g. patients.
Reason (R): These recombinant therapeutics are synthesized using host cells that are identical to
human protein-expressing cells.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Recombinant therapeutics do not induce unwanted immunological responses in
E.g. patients.
Reason (R): These recombinant therapeutics are synthesized using host cells that are identical to
human protein-expressing cells.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
157.Consider the following statements regarding the early clinical sources of insulin used for
treating diabetes:
I. Insulin used for diabetes was earlier extracted from the pancreas of slaughtered cattle and
pigs.
II. Insulin isolated from these animal sources caused some patients to develop allergies or other
types of reactions.
III. The animal-derived insulin was completely identical to human insulin in its primary
polypeptide sequence.
IV. The textbook recommends isolating insulin from E. coli cells using mechanical lysis without
in vitro conjugation.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
treating diabetes:
I. Insulin used for diabetes was earlier extracted from the pancreas of slaughtered cattle and
pigs.
II. Insulin isolated from these animal sources caused some patients to develop allergies or other
types of reactions.
III. The animal-derived insulin was completely identical to human insulin in its primary
polypeptide sequence.
IV. The textbook recommends isolating insulin from E. coli cells using mechanical lysis without
in vitro conjugation.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
158.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Diabetic patients cannot be treated with oral administration of insulin.
Reason (R): Insulin is a protein, and if administered orally, it would be digested in the
gastrointestinal tract by proteolytic enzymes.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Diabetic patients cannot be treated with oral administration of insulin.
Reason (R): Insulin is a protein, and if administered orally, it would be digested in the
gastrointestinal tract by proteolytic enzymes.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
159.Consider the following statements regarding the molecular structure of mature human
insulin:
I. Insulin consists of two short polypeptide chains: chain A and chain B.
II. The A and B polypeptide chains are linked together by disulfide bridges.
III. The A and B polypeptide chains represent a single continuous helix linked by hydrogen
bonds.
IV. The mature insulin molecule contains an extra stretch of amino acids called the C peptide.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
insulin:
I. Insulin consists of two short polypeptide chains: chain A and chain B.
II. The A and B polypeptide chains are linked together by disulfide bridges.
III. The A and B polypeptide chains represent a single continuous helix linked by hydrogen
bonds.
IV. The mature insulin molecule contains an extra stretch of amino acids called the C peptide.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
160.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The A and B chains of human insulin must be linked covalently to form a
functional mature hormone.
Reason (R): In mammals, the A and B chains are synthesized as separate, independent
polypeptides in the cytoplasm before being combined by disulfide bonds.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The A and B chains of human insulin must be linked covalently to form a
functional mature hormone.
Reason (R): In mammals, the A and B chains are synthesized as separate, independent
polypeptides in the cytoplasm before being combined by disulfide bonds.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
161.Consider the following statements regarding the transcription products of the introduced
nematode DNA in the host cells:
I. The introduced DNA produced both sense and anti-sense RNA in the host cells.
II. The sense and anti-sense RNA molecules were completely complementary to each other.
III. The complementary molecules hybridized to form a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA).
IV. The sense RNA was immediately translated by the host ribosomes to synthesize structural
nematode proteins.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
nematode DNA in the host cells:
I. The introduced DNA produced both sense and anti-sense RNA in the host cells.
II. The sense and anti-sense RNA molecules were completely complementary to each other.
III. The complementary molecules hybridized to form a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA).
IV. The sense RNA was immediately translated by the host ribosomes to synthesize structural
nematode proteins.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
162.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The transgenic host plant expressing specific interfering RNA gets itself protected
from the parasite.
Reason (R): The parasite Meloidogyne incognitia cannot survive in the transgenic host
expressing specific interfering RNA.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The transgenic host plant expressing specific interfering RNA gets itself protected
from the parasite.
Reason (R): The parasite Meloidogyne incognitia cannot survive in the transgenic host
expressing specific interfering RNA.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
163.According to the NCERT textbook, which of the following is the vector utilized to transfer
nematode-specific genes into the host plant?
I. Agrobacterium vectors.
II. Retroviral vectors disarmed of their oncogenes.
III. E. coli pBR322 plasmid vectors.
IV. Bacteriophage lambda vectors.
Choose the correct option:
nematode-specific genes into the host plant?
I. Agrobacterium vectors.
II. Retroviral vectors disarmed of their oncogenes.
III. E. coli pBR322 plasmid vectors.
IV. Bacteriophage lambda vectors.
Choose the correct option:
164.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Recombinant DNA technological processes have made an immense impact in the
area of healthcare.
Reason (R): These molecular processes enable the mass production of safe and more effective
therapeutic drugs.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Recombinant DNA technological processes have made an immense impact in the
area of healthcare.
Reason (R): These molecular processes enable the mass production of safe and more effective
therapeutic drugs.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
165.Consider the following quantitative claims regarding approved recombinant
therapeutics:
I. Globally, about 30 recombinant therapeutics have been approved for human use.
II. In India, 12 of these approved recombinant therapeutics are presently being marketed.
III. The number of therapeutics marketed in India represents exactly 40% of the total approved
global therapeutics.
IV. The textbook states that the number of approved therapeutics in India is increasing by
exactly 2 per year.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
therapeutics:
I. Globally, about 30 recombinant therapeutics have been approved for human use.
II. In India, 12 of these approved recombinant therapeutics are presently being marketed.
III. The number of therapeutics marketed in India represents exactly 40% of the total approved
global therapeutics.
IV. The textbook states that the number of approved therapeutics in India is increasing by
exactly 2 per year.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
166.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Recombinant therapeutics do not induce unwanted immunological responses
inside E.g. human patients.
Reason (R): These recombinant therapeutics are structurally identical to the native human
proteins expressed in vivo.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Recombinant therapeutics do not induce unwanted immunological responses
inside E.g. human patients.
Reason (R): These recombinant therapeutics are structurally identical to the native human
proteins expressed in vivo.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
167.According to the NCERT textbook, what were the two animal sources from which insulin
was earlier extracted for clinical use?
I. Pancreas of slaughtered cattle.
II. Pancreas of slaughtered pigs.
III. Pancreas of slaughtered sheep.
IV. Pancreas of slaughtered horses.
Choose the correct option:
was earlier extracted for clinical use?
I. Pancreas of slaughtered cattle.
II. Pancreas of slaughtered pigs.
III. Pancreas of slaughtered sheep.
IV. Pancreas of slaughtered horses.
Choose the correct option:
168.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Diabetic patients cannot be treated with oral administration of insulin.
Reason (R): Insulin is a protein, and if administered orally, it would be digested in the
gastrointestinal tract by proteolytic enzymes.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Diabetic patients cannot be treated with oral administration of insulin.
Reason (R): Insulin is a protein, and if administered orally, it would be digested in the
gastrointestinal tract by proteolytic enzymes.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
169.Consider the following statements regarding the molecular structure of mature human
insulin:
I. Insulin consists of two short polypeptide chains: chain A and chain B.
II. The A and B polypeptide chains are linked together by disulfide bridges.
III. The A and B polypeptide chains represent a single continuous helix linked by hydrogen
bonds.
IV. The mature insulin molecule contains an extra stretch of amino acids called the C peptide.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
insulin:
I. Insulin consists of two short polypeptide chains: chain A and chain B.
II. The A and B polypeptide chains are linked together by disulfide bridges.
III. The A and B polypeptide chains represent a single continuous helix linked by hydrogen
bonds.
IV. The mature insulin molecule contains an extra stretch of amino acids called the C peptide.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
170.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The A and B chains of human insulin must be linked covalently to form a
functional mature hormone.
Reason (R): In mammals, the A and B chains are synthesized as separate, independent
polypeptides in the cytoplasm before being combined by disulfide bonds.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The A and B chains of human insulin must be linked covalently to form a
functional mature hormone.
Reason (R): In mammals, the A and B chains are synthesized as separate, independent
polypeptides in the cytoplasm before being combined by disulfide bonds.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
171.Consider the following statements regarding the transcription products of the introduced
nematode DNA in the host cells:
I. The introduced DNA produced both sense and anti-sense RNA in the host cells.
II. The sense and anti-sense RNA molecules were completely complementary to each other.
III. The complementary molecules hybridized to form a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA).
IV. The sense RNA was immediately translated by the host ribosomes to synthesize structural
nematode proteins.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
nematode DNA in the host cells:
I. The introduced DNA produced both sense and anti-sense RNA in the host cells.
II. The sense and anti-sense RNA molecules were completely complementary to each other.
III. The complementary molecules hybridized to form a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA).
IV. The sense RNA was immediately translated by the host ribosomes to synthesize structural
nematode proteins.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
172.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The transgenic host plant expressing specific interfering RNA gets itself protected
from the parasite.
Reason (R): The parasite Meloidogyne incognitia cannot survive in the transgenic host
expressing specific interfering RNA.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The transgenic host plant expressing specific interfering RNA gets itself protected
from the parasite.
Reason (R): The parasite Meloidogyne incognitia cannot survive in the transgenic host
expressing specific interfering RNA.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
173.According to the NCERT textbook, which of the following is the vector utilized to transfer
nematode-specific genes into the host plant?
I. Agrobacterium vectors.
II. Retroviral vectors disarmed of their oncogenes.
III. E. coli pBR322 plasmid vectors.
IV. Bacteriophage lambda vectors.
Choose the correct option:
nematode-specific genes into the host plant?
I. Agrobacterium vectors.
II. Retroviral vectors disarmed of their oncogenes.
III. E. coli pBR322 plasmid vectors.
IV. Bacteriophage lambda vectors.
Choose the correct option:
174.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Recombinant DNA technological processes have made an immense impact in the
area of healthcare.
Reason (R): These molecular processes enable the mass production of safe and more effective
therapeutic drugs.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Recombinant DNA technological processes have made an immense impact in the
area of healthcare.
Reason (R): These molecular processes enable the mass production of safe and more effective
therapeutic drugs.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
175.Consider the following quantitative claims regarding approved recombinant
therapeutics:
I. Globally, about 30 recombinant therapeutics have been approved for human use.
II. In India, 12 of these approved recombinant therapeutics are presently being marketed.
III. The number of therapeutics marketed in India represents exactly 40% of the total approved
global therapeutics.
IV. The textbook states that the number of approved therapeutics in India is increasing by
exactly 2 per year.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
therapeutics:
I. Globally, about 30 recombinant therapeutics have been approved for human use.
II. In India, 12 of these approved recombinant therapeutics are presently being marketed.
III. The number of therapeutics marketed in India represents exactly 40% of the total approved
global therapeutics.
IV. The textbook states that the number of approved therapeutics in India is increasing by
exactly 2 per year.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
176.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Recombinant therapeutics do not induce unwanted immunological responses
inside human patients.
Reason (R): These recombinant therapeutics are structurally identical to the native human
proteins expressed in vivo.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Recombinant therapeutics do not induce unwanted immunological responses
inside human patients.
Reason (R): These recombinant therapeutics are structurally identical to the native human
proteins expressed in vivo.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
177.According to the NCERT textbook, what were the two animal sources from which insulin
was earlier extracted for clinical use?
I. Pancreas of slaughtered cattle.
II. Pancreas of slaughtered pigs.
III. Pancreas of slaughtered sheep.
IV. Pancreas of slaughtered horses.
Choose the correct option:
was earlier extracted for clinical use?
I. Pancreas of slaughtered cattle.
II. Pancreas of slaughtered pigs.
III. Pancreas of slaughtered sheep.
IV. Pancreas of slaughtered horses.
Choose the correct option:
178.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Diabetic patients cannot be treated with oral administration of insulin.
Reason (R): Insulin is a protein, and if administered orally, it would be digested in the
gastrointestinal tract by proteolytic enzymes.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Diabetic patients cannot be treated with oral administration of insulin.
Reason (R): Insulin is a protein, and if administered orally, it would be digested in the
gastrointestinal tract by proteolytic enzymes.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
179.Consider the following statements regarding the molecular structure of mature human
insulin:
I. Insulin consists of two short polypeptide chains: chain A and chain B.
II. The A and B polypeptide chains are linked together by disulfide bridges.
III. The A and B polypeptide chains represent a single continuous helix linked by hydrogen
bonds.
IV. The mature insulin molecule contains an extra stretch of amino acids called the C peptide.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
insulin:
I. Insulin consists of two short polypeptide chains: chain A and chain B.
II. The A and B polypeptide chains are linked together by disulfide bridges.
III. The A and B polypeptide chains represent a single continuous helix linked by hydrogen
bonds.
IV. The mature insulin molecule contains an extra stretch of amino acids called the C peptide.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
180.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The A and B chains of human insulin must be linked covalently to form a
functional mature hormone.
Reason (R): In mammals, the A and B chains are synthesized as separate, independent
polypeptides in the cytoplasm before being combined by disulfide bonds.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The A and B chains of human insulin must be linked covalently to form a
functional mature hormone.
Reason (R): In mammals, the A and B chains are synthesized as separate, independent
polypeptides in the cytoplasm before being combined by disulfide bonds.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
181.Consider the following statements regarding the structural features of the insulin pro-
hormone in mammals:
I. The pro-hormone needs to be processed before it becomes a fully mature and functional
hormone.
II. The pro-hormone contains an extra stretch of amino acids called the C peptide.
III. The C peptide is structurally identical to the mature B chain and remains attached by triple
bonds.
IV. The C peptide is not present in the mature insulin and is removed during maturation.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
hormone in mammals:
I. The pro-hormone needs to be processed before it becomes a fully mature and functional
hormone.
II. The pro-hormone contains an extra stretch of amino acids called the C peptide.
III. The C peptide is structurally identical to the mature B chain and remains attached by triple
bonds.
IV. The C peptide is not present in the mature insulin and is removed during maturation.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
182.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The main challenge for the production of E.g. human insulin using rDNA
techniques was getting the insulin assembled into a mature form.
Reason (R): E. coli host cells lack the complex eukaryotic splicing enzymes required to cleave
the C peptide from the pro-hormone.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The main challenge for the production of E.g. human insulin using rDNA
techniques was getting the insulin assembled into a mature form.
Reason (R): E. coli host cells lack the complex eukaryotic splicing enzymes required to cleave
the C peptide from the pro-hormone.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
183.Consider the following statements regarding the corporate and technical milestones
achieved by Eli Lilly in insulin production:
I. In 1983, Eli Lilly, an American company, prepared two DNA sequences corresponding to A
and B chains of human insulin.
II. They introduced these DNA sequences into plasmids of E. coli to produce insulin chains.
III. The A and B chains were produced together as a single fusion peptide in E. coli cytoplasm.
IV. The A and B chains were produced separately, extracted, and combined in vitro by creating
disulfide bonds.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
achieved by Eli Lilly in insulin production:
I. In 1983, Eli Lilly, an American company, prepared two DNA sequences corresponding to A
and B chains of human insulin.
II. They introduced these DNA sequences into plasmids of E. coli to produce insulin chains.
III. The A and B chains were produced together as a single fusion peptide in E. coli cytoplasm.
IV. The A and B chains were produced separately, extracted, and combined in vitro by creating
disulfide bonds.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
184.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Gene therapy represents an attempt to treat hereditary diseases diagnosed in a
child or embryo.
Reason (R): In gene therapy, normal and functional genes are delivered into a person's cells and
tissues to compensate for a non-functional gene.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Gene therapy represents an attempt to treat hereditary diseases diagnosed in a
child or embryo.
Reason (R): In gene therapy, normal and functional genes are delivered into a person's cells and
tissues to compensate for a non-functional gene.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
185.Consider the following statements regarding the first historical clinical trial of gene
therapy:
I. The first clinical gene therapy was given in the year 1990.
II. The therapy was administered to a 4-year old girl.
III. The target disorder was adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency.
IV. The ADA deficiency disorder was caused due to the duplication of the gene for adenosine
deaminase.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
therapy:
I. The first clinical gene therapy was given in the year 1990.
II. The therapy was administered to a 4-year old girl.
III. The target disorder was adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency.
IV. The ADA deficiency disorder was caused due to the duplication of the gene for adenosine
deaminase.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
186.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency causes severe combined
immunodeficiency in affected children.
Reason (R): The adenosine deaminase enzyme is crucial for the mammalian immune system to
function.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency causes severe combined
immunodeficiency in affected children.
Reason (R): The adenosine deaminase enzyme is crucial for the mammalian immune system to
function.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
187.According to Section 10.2.2 of the NCERT textbook, what are the curative approaches
that can be used to treat or manage ADA deficiency in children?
I. Bone marrow transplantation.
II. Enzyme replacement therapy (injection of functional ADA).
III. Infusion of genetically engineered lymphocytes grown outside the body.
IV. Gene therapy introducing marrow-cell ADA genes at early embryonic stages.
Choose the correct option:
that can be used to treat or manage ADA deficiency in children?
I. Bone marrow transplantation.
II. Enzyme replacement therapy (injection of functional ADA).
III. Infusion of genetically engineered lymphocytes grown outside the body.
IV. Gene therapy introducing marrow-cell ADA genes at early embryonic stages.
Choose the correct option:
188.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Genetically engineered lymphocyte infusion does not provide a permanent cure
for ADA deficiency.
Reason (R): Genetically engineered lymphocytes are not immortal, and the patient requires
periodic infusion of these cells.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Genetically engineered lymphocyte infusion does not provide a permanent cure
for ADA deficiency.
Reason (R): Genetically engineered lymphocytes are not immortal, and the patient requires
periodic infusion of these cells.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
189.Consider the following statements regarding the molecular steps of lymphocyte-based
gene therapy for ADA deficiency:
I. Lymphocytes from the blood of the patient are grown in a culture outside the body.
II. A functional ADA cDNA is introduced into these lymphocytes using a retroviral vector.
III. The genetically engineered lymphocytes are subsequently returned to the patient.
IV. The introduced cDNA actively mutates the host DNA polymerase to achieve immortality.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
gene therapy for ADA deficiency:
I. Lymphocytes from the blood of the patient are grown in a culture outside the body.
II. A functional ADA cDNA is introduced into these lymphocytes using a retroviral vector.
III. The genetically engineered lymphocytes are subsequently returned to the patient.
IV. The introduced cDNA actively mutates the host DNA polymerase to achieve immortality.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
190.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Introducing the ADA gene from marrow cells at early embryonic stages can
provide a permanent cure for ADA deficiency.
Reason (R): At early embryonic stages, the recipient stem cells are pluripotent and undergo
continuous self-renewal, incorporating the gene into the germline.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Introducing the ADA gene from marrow cells at early embryonic stages can
provide a permanent cure for ADA deficiency.
Reason (R): At early embryonic stages, the recipient stem cells are pluripotent and undergo
continuous self-renewal, incorporating the gene into the germline.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
191.Consider the following statements regarding the corporate details of the Eli Lilly insulin
breakthrough:
I. Eli Lilly is an American company.
II. The company prepared two DNA sequences corresponding to A and B chains of human
insulin.
III. The DNA sequences were introduced into E. coli plasmid vectors.
IV. The A and B chains were produced separately inside E. coli and combined in vitro.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
breakthrough:
I. Eli Lilly is an American company.
II. The company prepared two DNA sequences corresponding to A and B chains of human
insulin.
III. The DNA sequences were introduced into E. coli plasmid vectors.
IV. The A and B chains were produced separately inside E. coli and combined in vitro.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
192.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The first clinical gene therapy was given in 1990 to a 4-year old girl with
adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency.
Reason (R): This historical clinical trial was carried out at the National Institutes of Health in
Bethesda, Maryland.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The first clinical gene therapy was given in 1990 to a 4-year old girl with
adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency.
Reason (R): This historical clinical trial was carried out at the National Institutes of Health in
Bethesda, Maryland.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
193.Which of the following statements perfectly defines 'gene therapy' according to the literal
text of NCERT Chapter 10?
I. A collection of methods that allows the correction of a gene defect diagnosed in a child or
embryo.
II. The insertion of genes into a person's cells and tissues to treat a disease.
III. The delivery of a normal gene into the individual or embryo to take over the function of and
compensate for the non-functional gene.
IV. The molecular transcription of synthetic promoters to accelerate host ribosomal synthesis.
Choose the correct option:
text of NCERT Chapter 10?
I. A collection of methods that allows the correction of a gene defect diagnosed in a child or
embryo.
II. The insertion of genes into a person's cells and tissues to treat a disease.
III. The delivery of a normal gene into the individual or embryo to take over the function of and
compensate for the non-functional gene.
IV. The molecular transcription of synthetic promoters to accelerate host ribosomal synthesis.
Choose the correct option:
194.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency is classified as a severe genetic
immunodeficiency disorder.
Reason (R): The disorder is caused due to the deletion of the gene encoding the adenosine
deaminase enzyme.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency is classified as a severe genetic
immunodeficiency disorder.
Reason (R): The disorder is caused due to the deletion of the gene encoding the adenosine
deaminase enzyme.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
195.Consider the following statements regarding the molecular steps of lymphocyte-based
gene therapy for ADA deficiency:
I. Lymphocytes from the blood of the patient are grown in a culture outside the body.
II. A functional ADA cDNA is introduced into these lymphocytes using a retroviral vector.
III. The genetically engineered lymphocytes are subsequently returned to the patient.
IV. The introduced cDNA actively mutates the host DNA polymerase to achieve immortality.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
gene therapy for ADA deficiency:
I. Lymphocytes from the blood of the patient are grown in a culture outside the body.
II. A functional ADA cDNA is introduced into these lymphocytes using a retroviral vector.
III. The genetically engineered lymphocytes are subsequently returned to the patient.
IV. The introduced cDNA actively mutates the host DNA polymerase to achieve immortality.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
196.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Introducing the ADA gene from marrow cells at early embryonic stages can
provide a permanent cure for ADA deficiency.
Reason (R): At early embryonic stages, the recipient stem cells are pluripotent and undergo
continuous self-renewal, incorporating the gene into the germline.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Introducing the ADA gene from marrow cells at early embryonic stages can
provide a permanent cure for ADA deficiency.
Reason (R): At early embryonic stages, the recipient stem cells are pluripotent and undergo
continuous self-renewal, incorporating the gene into the germline.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
197.Consider the following statements regarding the structural differences between
mammalian pro-insulin and mature functional insulin:
I. Pro-insulin contains an extra stretch of polypeptide called the C peptide.
II. The C peptide is completely absent from the mature functional insulin molecule.
III. Both pro-insulin and mature insulin contain identical disulfide bridge configurations
between chains A and B.
IV. The C peptide is removed during the post-translational maturation of the hormone.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
mammalian pro-insulin and mature functional insulin:
I. Pro-insulin contains an extra stretch of polypeptide called the C peptide.
II. The C peptide is completely absent from the mature functional insulin molecule.
III. Both pro-insulin and mature insulin contain identical disulfide bridge configurations
between chains A and B.
IV. The C peptide is removed during the post-translational maturation of the hormone.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
198.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Eli Lilly produced the A and B chains of human insulin separately in plasmids of
E. coli host cells.
Reason (R): E. coli cytoplasm does not have the machinery to physically combine separate
polypeptides via disulfide linkages.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Eli Lilly produced the A and B chains of human insulin separately in plasmids of
E. coli host cells.
Reason (R): E. coli cytoplasm does not have the machinery to physically combine separate
polypeptides via disulfide linkages.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
199.According to Section 10.2.2 of the NCERT textbook, what are the two non-permanent
therapeutic methods used to manage ADA deficiency in children?
I. Bone marrow transplantation.
II. Enzyme replacement therapy.
III. In vitro somatic embryogenesis of marrow stem cells.
IV. Gene guns delivering gold-coated cDNA into lymphocytes.
Choose the correct option:
therapeutic methods used to manage ADA deficiency in children?
I. Bone marrow transplantation.
II. Enzyme replacement therapy.
III. In vitro somatic embryogenesis of marrow stem cells.
IV. Gene guns delivering gold-coated cDNA into lymphocytes.
Choose the correct option:
200.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The patient receiving lymphocyte-based gene therapy for ADA deficiency
requires periodic infusion of genetically engineered cells.
Reason (R): Genetically engineered lymphocytes have a finite lifespan and are not immortal.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The patient receiving lymphocyte-based gene therapy for ADA deficiency
requires periodic infusion of genetically engineered cells.
Reason (R): Genetically engineered lymphocytes have a finite lifespan and are not immortal.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
201.Consider the following statements regarding the molecular steps of lymphocyte-based
gene therapy for ADA deficiency:
I. Lymphocytes from the blood of the patient are grown in a culture outside the body.
II. A functional ADA cDNA is introduced into these lymphocytes using a retroviral vector.
III. The genetically engineered lymphocytes are subsequently returned to the patient.
IV. The introduced cDNA actively mutates the host DNA polymerase to achieve immortality.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
gene therapy for ADA deficiency:
I. Lymphocytes from the blood of the patient are grown in a culture outside the body.
II. A functional ADA cDNA is introduced into these lymphocytes using a retroviral vector.
III. The genetically engineered lymphocytes are subsequently returned to the patient.
IV. The introduced cDNA actively mutates the host DNA polymerase to achieve immortality.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
202.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Introducing the ADA gene from marrow cells at early embryonic stages can
provide a permanent cure for ADA deficiency.
Reason (R): At early embryonic stages, the recipient stem cells are pluripotent and undergo
continuous self-renewal, incorporating the gene into the germline.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Introducing the ADA gene from marrow cells at early embryonic stages can
provide a permanent cure for ADA deficiency.
Reason (R): At early embryonic stages, the recipient stem cells are pluripotent and undergo
continuous self-renewal, incorporating the gene into the germline.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
203.According to the NCERT textbook, what were the specific biographical coordinates of the
first patient to receive clinical gene therapy?
I. The patient was exactly 4 years old.
II. The patient was a girl.
III. The patient received the therapy in the year 1990.
IV. The patient received the therapy in the year 1983.
Choose the correct option:
first patient to receive clinical gene therapy?
I. The patient was exactly 4 years old.
II. The patient was a girl.
III. The patient received the therapy in the year 1990.
IV. The patient received the therapy in the year 1983.
Choose the correct option:
204.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): ADA deficiency is caused by the deletion of the gene for adenosine deaminase.
Reason (R): Deletion of the gene prevents the synthesis of the ADA enzyme, leading to systemic
immunological dysfunction.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): ADA deficiency is caused by the deletion of the gene for adenosine deaminase.
Reason (R): Deletion of the gene prevents the synthesis of the ADA enzyme, leading to systemic
immunological dysfunction.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
205.Consider the following statements regarding the lymphocyte-based gene therapy
protocol:
I. Lymphocytes are isolated from the patient's blood.
II. The cells are grown in vitro in a culture outside the body.
III. Functional ADA cDNA is introduced into the cells using a retroviral vector.
IV. The engineered lymphocytes are returned to the patient's blood.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
protocol:
I. Lymphocytes are isolated from the patient's blood.
II. The cells are grown in vitro in a culture outside the body.
III. Functional ADA cDNA is introduced into the cells using a retroviral vector.
IV. The engineered lymphocytes are returned to the patient's blood.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
206.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Introducing the ADA gene from marrow cells at early embryonic stages can
provide a permanent cure for ADA deficiency.
Reason (R): At early embryonic stages, the recipient stem cells are pluripotent and undergo
continuous self-renewal, incorporating the gene into the germline.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Introducing the ADA gene from marrow cells at early embryonic stages can
provide a permanent cure for ADA deficiency.
Reason (R): At early embryonic stages, the recipient stem cells are pluripotent and undergo
continuous self-renewal, incorporating the gene into the germline.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
207.Consider the following statements regarding the C peptide in mammalian insulin
maturation:
I. Insulin is synthesized in mammals as a pro-hormone containing the C peptide stretch.
II. The C peptide is structurally removed during maturation into active insulin.
III. The C peptide is completely absent from the mature functional insulin molecule.
IV. The C peptide is also absent from the pro-hormone, being synthesized as a separate
cytoplasmic protein.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
maturation:
I. Insulin is synthesized in mammals as a pro-hormone containing the C peptide stretch.
II. The C peptide is structurally removed during maturation into active insulin.
III. The C peptide is completely absent from the mature functional insulin molecule.
IV. The C peptide is also absent from the pro-hormone, being synthesized as a separate
cytoplasmic protein.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
208.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Eli Lilly produced the A and B chains of human insulin separately in plasmids of
E. coli host cells.
Reason (R): E. coli cytoplasm does not have the machinery to physically combine separate
polypeptides via disulfide linkages.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Eli Lilly produced the A and B chains of human insulin separately in plasmids of
E. coli host cells.
Reason (R): E. coli cytoplasm does not have the machinery to physically combine separate
polypeptides via disulfide linkages.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
209.According to Section 10.2.2 of the NCERT textbook, what are the two non-permanent
therapeutic methods used to manage ADA deficiency in children?
I. Bone marrow transplantation.
II. Enzyme replacement therapy.
III. In vitro somatic embryogenesis of marrow stem cells.
IV. Gene guns delivering gold-coated cDNA into lymphocytes.
Choose the correct option:
therapeutic methods used to manage ADA deficiency in children?
I. Bone marrow transplantation.
II. Enzyme replacement therapy.
III. In vitro somatic embryogenesis of marrow stem cells.
IV. Gene guns delivering gold-coated cDNA into lymphocytes.
Choose the correct option:
210.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The patient receiving lymphocyte-based gene therapy for ADA deficiency
requires periodic infusion of genetically engineered cells.
Reason (R): Genetically engineered lymphocytes have a finite lifespan and are not immortal.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The patient receiving lymphocyte-based gene therapy for ADA deficiency
requires periodic infusion of genetically engineered cells.
Reason (R): Genetically engineered lymphocytes have a finite lifespan and are not immortal.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
211.Consider the following statements regarding the diagnostic methodologies described in
the NCERT textbook:
I. For effective treatment of a disease, early diagnosis and understanding its pathophysiology is
very important.
II. Early detection of a pathogen is easily possible using conventional methods of diagnosis such
as serum and urine analysis.
III. Recombinant DNA technology, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), and Enzyme Linked
Immuno-sorbent Assay (ELISA) are techniques that serve the purpose of early diagnosis.
IV. Conventional methods of diagnosis are superior to molecular techniques because they do not
require understanding the disease's pathophysiology.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
the NCERT textbook:
I. For effective treatment of a disease, early diagnosis and understanding its pathophysiology is
very important.
II. Early detection of a pathogen is easily possible using conventional methods of diagnosis such
as serum and urine analysis.
III. Recombinant DNA technology, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), and Enzyme Linked
Immuno-sorbent Assay (ELISA) are techniques that serve the purpose of early diagnosis.
IV. Conventional methods of diagnosis are superior to molecular techniques because they do not
require understanding the disease's pathophysiology.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
212.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The presence of a pathogen like a bacterium or virus is normally suspected only
when the pathogen has produced a disease symptom.
Reason (R): By the time disease symptoms appear in the host, the concentration of the pathogen
is already very high in the body.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The presence of a pathogen like a bacterium or virus is normally suspected only
when the pathogen has produced a disease symptom.
Reason (R): By the time disease symptoms appear in the host, the concentration of the pathogen
is already very high in the body.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
213.Consider the following statements regarding the clinical and diagnostic applications of
the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR):
I. A very low concentration of a bacterium or virus can be detected by amplification of their
nucleic acid by PCR.
II. PCR amplification allows detection at a time when the symptoms of the disease are not yet
visible.
III. PCR is now routinely used to detect HIV in suspected AIDS patients.
IV. PCR is being used to detect mutations in genes in suspected cancer patients and is a
powerful technique to identify many other genetic disorders.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR):
I. A very low concentration of a bacterium or virus can be detected by amplification of their
nucleic acid by PCR.
II. PCR amplification allows detection at a time when the symptoms of the disease are not yet
visible.
III. PCR is now routinely used to detect HIV in suspected AIDS patients.
IV. PCR is being used to detect mutations in genes in suspected cancer patients and is a
powerful technique to identify many other genetic disorders.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
214.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): In molecular hybridization experiments, the clone having the mutated gene will
not appear on the photographic film after autoradiography.
Reason (R): The radioactive single-stranded probe will not have complementarity with the
mutated gene.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): In molecular hybridization experiments, the clone having the mutated gene will
not appear on the photographic film after autoradiography.
Reason (R): The radioactive single-stranded probe will not have complementarity with the
mutated gene.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
215.Consider the following statements regarding the Enzyme Linked Immuno-sorbent Assay
(ELISA) technique:
I. ELISA is based on the principle of antigen-antibody interaction.
II. Infection by a pathogen can be detected by the presence of antigens such as proteins,
glycoproteins, etc.
III. Infection by a pathogen can be detected by detecting the antibodies synthesised against the
pathogen.
IV. ELISA requires the amplification of pathogen nucleic acids by DNA polymerase before the
interaction takes place.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
(ELISA) technique:
I. ELISA is based on the principle of antigen-antibody interaction.
II. Infection by a pathogen can be detected by the presence of antigens such as proteins,
glycoproteins, etc.
III. Infection by a pathogen can be detected by detecting the antibodies synthesised against the
pathogen.
IV. ELISA requires the amplification of pathogen nucleic acids by DNA polymerase before the
interaction takes place.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
216.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Recombinant DNA technology is listed as one of the molecular techniques that
serve the purpose of early diagnosis of disease.
Reason (R): Recombinant DNA technology allows the physical visualization of active pathogen
genomes in urine under a standard light microscope.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Recombinant DNA technology is listed as one of the molecular techniques that
serve the purpose of early diagnosis of disease.
Reason (R): Recombinant DNA technology allows the physical visualization of active pathogen
genomes in urine under a standard light microscope.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
217.Consider the following statements regarding the molecular probe used in hybridization
and autoradiography experiments:
I. The probe can be a single-stranded DNA molecule.
II. The probe can be a single-stranded RNA molecule.
III. The probe is tagged with a radioactive molecule.
IV. The probe must be a double-stranded DNA molecule to protect the radioactive tag from
enzymatic cleavage.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
and autoradiography experiments:
I. The probe can be a single-stranded DNA molecule.
II. The probe can be a single-stranded RNA molecule.
III. The probe is tagged with a radioactive molecule.
IV. The probe must be a double-stranded DNA molecule to protect the radioactive tag from
enzymatic cleavage.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
218.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): PCR is being used to detect mutations in genes in suspected cancer patients.
Reason (R): PCR is a powerful technique to identify many other genetic disorders.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): PCR is being used to detect mutations in genes in suspected cancer patients.
Reason (R): PCR is a powerful technique to identify many other genetic disorders.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
219.Consider the following statements regarding the early detection of viral pathogens using
molecular biology tools:
I. PCR is now routinely used to detect HIV in suspected AIDS patients.
II. PCR detects HIV by directly measuring the physiological immune response of T-
lymphocytes.
III. The early detection of HIV is achieved by the amplification of viral nucleic acid before
symptoms are visible.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
molecular biology tools:
I. PCR is now routinely used to detect HIV in suspected AIDS patients.
II. PCR detects HIV by directly measuring the physiological immune response of T-
lymphocytes.
III. The early detection of HIV is achieved by the amplification of viral nucleic acid before
symptoms are visible.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
220.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): In ELISA experiments, direct infection by a pathogen in a host can be detected by
searching for specific surface antigens.
Reason (R): Pathogen-derived antigens that trigger antigen-antibody interactions are
chemically composed of proteins, glycoproteins, etc.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): In ELISA experiments, direct infection by a pathogen in a host can be detected by
searching for specific surface antigens.
Reason (R): Pathogen-derived antigens that trigger antigen-antibody interactions are
chemically composed of proteins, glycoproteins, etc.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
221.Consider the following statements regarding the definition and scope of transgenic
animals:
I. Animals that have had their DNA manipulated to possess and express an extra (foreign) gene
are known as transgenic animals.
II. Transgenic rats, rabbits, pigs, sheep, cows and fish have been produced.
III. Over 95 per cent of all existing transgenic animals are mice.
IV. Over 95 per cent of all existing transgenic animals are Drosophila melanogaster.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
animals:
I. Animals that have had their DNA manipulated to possess and express an extra (foreign) gene
are known as transgenic animals.
II. Transgenic rats, rabbits, pigs, sheep, cows and fish have been produced.
III. Over 95 per cent of all existing transgenic animals are mice.
IV. Over 95 per cent of all existing transgenic animals are Drosophila melanogaster.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
222.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Transgenic animals are specifically designed to allow the study of how genes
affect the normal functions of the body and its development.
Reason (R): By introducing genes from other species that alter the formation of growth factors
like insulin-like growth factor, researchers can study the resulting biological effects to
understand their role.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Transgenic animals are specifically designed to allow the study of how genes
affect the normal functions of the body and its development.
Reason (R): By introducing genes from other species that alter the formation of growth factors
like insulin-like growth factor, researchers can study the resulting biological effects to
understand their role.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
223.Consider the following statements regarding the study of human diseases using transgenic
animal models:
I. Many transgenic animals are specially made to serve as models for human diseases.
II. Today, transgenic models exist for cancer and cystic fibrosis.
III. Today, transgenic models exist for rheumatoid arthritis and Alzheimer's disease.
IV. Today, transgenic models exist for cholera, malaria, and tuberculosis.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
animal models:
I. Many transgenic animals are specially made to serve as models for human diseases.
II. Today, transgenic models exist for cancer and cystic fibrosis.
III. Today, transgenic models exist for rheumatoid arthritis and Alzheimer's disease.
IV. Today, transgenic models exist for cholera, malaria, and tuberculosis.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
224.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The milk produced by the first transgenic cow, Rosie, was nutritionally a more
balanced product for human babies than natural cow-milk.
Reason (R): Rosie's milk contained human alpha-lactalbumin and had a total human protein
enrichment of 2.4 grams per litre.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The milk produced by the first transgenic cow, Rosie, was nutritionally a more
balanced product for human babies than natural cow-milk.
Reason (R): Rosie's milk contained human alpha-lactalbumin and had a total human protein
enrichment of 2.4 grams per litre.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
225.Consider the following statements regarding the production of therapeutic biological
products from transgenic animals:
I. Portion of DNA (or genes) which codes for a particular product is introduced to create
transgenic animals.
II. The human protein alpha-1-antitrypsin produced in transgenic animals is used to treat
emphysema.
III. Similar attempts are being made for the treatment of phenylketonuria (PKU) and cystic
fibrosis.
IV. The human protein alpha-1-antitrypsin is used to treat osteoporosis and rheumatoid
arthritis.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
products from transgenic animals:
I. Portion of DNA (or genes) which codes for a particular product is introduced to create
transgenic animals.
II. The human protein alpha-1-antitrypsin produced in transgenic animals is used to treat
emphysema.
III. Similar attempts are being made for the treatment of phenylketonuria (PKU) and cystic
fibrosis.
IV. The human protein alpha-1-antitrypsin is used to treat osteoporosis and rheumatoid
arthritis.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
226.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Transgenic mice are being developed for use in testing the safety of vaccines
before they are used on humans.
Reason (R): Transgenic mice are being used to test the safety of the polio vaccine.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Transgenic mice are being developed for use in testing the safety of vaccines
before they are used on humans.
Reason (R): Transgenic mice are being used to test the safety of the polio vaccine.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
227.Consider the following statements regarding the replacement of primates in vaccine
safety testing:
I. Transgenic mice are being used to test the safety of the polio vaccine.
II. If successful and found to be reliable, transgenic mice could replace the use of monkeys to
test the safety of batches of the vaccine.
III. The polio vaccine safety was historically tested using transgenic rabbits to completely
bypass primate models.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
safety testing:
I. Transgenic mice are being used to test the safety of the polio vaccine.
II. If successful and found to be reliable, transgenic mice could replace the use of monkeys to
test the safety of batches of the vaccine.
III. The polio vaccine safety was historically tested using transgenic rabbits to completely
bypass primate models.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
228.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Toxicity/safety testing in transgenic animals allows researchers to obtain results
in less time compared to non-transgenic cohorts.
Reason (R): Transgenic animals are made that carry genes which make them more sensitive to
toxic substances than non-transgenic animals.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Toxicity/safety testing in transgenic animals allows researchers to obtain results
in less time compared to non-transgenic cohorts.
Reason (R): Transgenic animals are made that carry genes which make them more sensitive to
toxic substances than non-transgenic animals.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
229.Consider the following statements regarding the methodology of chemical safety testing:
I. The procedure is the same as that used for testing toxicity of drugs.
II. Transgenic animals carry genes that make them more sensitive to toxic substances than non-
transgenic animals.
III. Non-transgenic animals are chemically treated with mutagens to make them more sensitive
than transgenic ones.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
I. The procedure is the same as that used for testing toxicity of drugs.
II. Transgenic animals carry genes that make them more sensitive to toxic substances than non-
transgenic animals.
III. Non-transgenic animals are chemically treated with mutagens to make them more sensitive
than transgenic ones.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
230.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Complex growth factors such as insulin-like growth factor are studied by altering
their formation using transgenic genes from other species.
Reason (R): Transgenic models for rheumatoid arthritis and Alzheimer's are specifically
designed to study how genes affect the normal growth functions of the body.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Complex growth factors such as insulin-like growth factor are studied by altering
their formation using transgenic genes from other species.
Reason (R): Transgenic models for rheumatoid arthritis and Alzheimer's are specifically
designed to study how genes affect the normal growth functions of the body.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
231.Consider the following statements regarding the regulation and ecological impact of
genetic modification:
I. Some ethical standards are required to evaluate the morality of all human activities that
might help or harm living organisms.
II. Going beyond morality, the biological significance of genetic manipulation is also highly
important.
III. Genetic modification of organisms can have unpredictable results when such organisms are
introduced into the ecosystem.
IV. Introducing genetically modified organisms into the ecosystem has been proven to always
stabilize local food webs and native species.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
genetic modification:
I. Some ethical standards are required to evaluate the morality of all human activities that
might help or harm living organisms.
II. Going beyond morality, the biological significance of genetic manipulation is also highly
important.
III. Genetic modification of organisms can have unpredictable results when such organisms are
introduced into the ecosystem.
IV. Introducing genetically modified organisms into the ecosystem has been proven to always
stabilize local food webs and native species.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
232.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The Indian Government has set up regulatory organisations such as the GEAC
(Genetic Engineering Approval Committee).
Reason (R): The GEAC makes decisions regarding the validity of GM research and the safety of
introducing GM-organisms for public services.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The Indian Government has set up regulatory organisations such as the GEAC
(Genetic Engineering Approval Committee).
Reason (R): The GEAC makes decisions regarding the validity of GM research and the safety of
introducing GM-organisms for public services.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
233.Consider the following statements regarding the ethical issues surrounding biopatients
and patents:
I. The modification/usage of living organisms for public services has created problems with
patents granted for the same.
II. Companies are being granted patents for products that make use of biological resources long
identified, developed, and used by indigenous people.
III. There is growing public anger because patents are encroaching on traditional resources
developed by local farmers.
IV. Local indigenous farmers are being granted global patents to completely restrict
multinational companies from using native crops.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
and patents:
I. The modification/usage of living organisms for public services has created problems with
patents granted for the same.
II. Companies are being granted patents for products that make use of biological resources long
identified, developed, and used by indigenous people.
III. There is growing public anger because patents are encroaching on traditional resources
developed by local farmers.
IV. Local indigenous farmers are being granted global patents to completely restrict
multinational companies from using native crops.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
234.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The genetic and ecological diversity of rice in India is recognized as one of the
richest in the world.
Reason (R): There are an estimated 200,000 distinct varieties of rice grown in India alone.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The genetic and ecological diversity of rice in India is recognized as one of the
richest in the world.
Reason (R): There are an estimated 200,000 distinct varieties of rice grown in India alone.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
235.Consider the following statements regarding the cultural and agricultural heritage of
Basmati rice in India:
I. Basmati rice is distinct for its unique aroma and flavour.
II. Exactly 27 documented varieties of Basmati are grown in India.
III. There is reference to Basmati in ancient texts, folklore and poetry, as it has been grown for
centuries.
IV. Basmati rice was first created in 1997 by crossing Indian Basmati with semi-dwarf E. coli
plasmids.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
Basmati rice in India:
I. Basmati rice is distinct for its unique aroma and flavour.
II. Exactly 27 documented varieties of Basmati are grown in India.
III. There is reference to Basmati in ancient texts, folklore and poetry, as it has been grown for
centuries.
IV. Basmati rice was first created in 1997 by crossing Indian Basmati with semi-dwarf E. coli
plasmids.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
236.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): In 1997, an American company got patent rights on Basmati rice through the US
Patent and Trademark Office.
Reason (R): The company crossed Indian Basmati with semi-dwarf varieties and claimed this
hybridization as an invention or a novelty.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): In 1997, an American company got patent rights on Basmati rice through the US
Patent and Trademark Office.
Reason (R): The company crossed Indian Basmati with semi-dwarf varieties and claimed this
hybridization as an invention or a novelty.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
237.Consider the following statements regarding the scope of biopiracy and traditional Indian
resources:
I. The 1997 Basmati patent extends to functional equivalents, restricting other people from
selling Basmati rice.
II. Several attempts have been made to patent uses, products, and processes based on Indian
traditional herbal medicines, such as turmeric and neem.
III. If we are not vigilant and do not immediately counter these patent applications, other
countries/individuals may encash on our rich legacy.
IV. International patent laws automatically guarantee complete protection to traditional herbal
medicines without requiring active counter-challenges.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
resources:
I. The 1997 Basmati patent extends to functional equivalents, restricting other people from
selling Basmati rice.
II. Several attempts have been made to patent uses, products, and processes based on Indian
traditional herbal medicines, such as turmeric and neem.
III. If we are not vigilant and do not immediately counter these patent applications, other
countries/individuals may encash on our rich legacy.
IV. International patent laws automatically guarantee complete protection to traditional herbal
medicines without requiring active counter-challenges.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
238.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Biopiracy is the term used to refer to the use of bio-resources by multinational
companies and other organisations without proper authorisation from the countries and people
concerned.
Reason (R): Most of the industrialised nations are rich financially but poor in biodiversity and
traditional knowledge related to bio-resources.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Biopiracy is the term used to refer to the use of bio-resources by multinational
companies and other organisations without proper authorisation from the countries and people
concerned.
Reason (R): Most of the industrialised nations are rich financially but poor in biodiversity and
traditional knowledge related to bio-resources.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
239.Consider the following statements regarding the global distribution of biodiversity and
the utility of traditional knowledge:
I. Most of the industrialised nations are rich financially but poor in biodiversity and traditional
knowledge.
II. The developing and the underdeveloped world is rich in biodiversity and traditional
knowledge related to bio-resources.
III. Traditional knowledge related to bio-resources can be exploited to save time, effort, and
expenditure during their commercialisation.
IV. Developing and underdeveloped nations are rich financially, which allows them to easily
challenge patents in international courts.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
the utility of traditional knowledge:
I. Most of the industrialised nations are rich financially but poor in biodiversity and traditional
knowledge.
II. The developing and the underdeveloped world is rich in biodiversity and traditional
knowledge related to bio-resources.
III. Traditional knowledge related to bio-resources can be exploited to save time, effort, and
expenditure during their commercialisation.
IV. Developing and underdeveloped nations are rich financially, which allows them to easily
challenge patents in international courts.
Which of the statements given above are correct according to the NCERT textbook?
240.Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The Indian Parliament has recently cleared the second amendment of the Indian
Patents Bill.
Reason (R): This amendment takes into consideration issues of unauthorized exploitation,
including patent terms, emergency provisions, and research and development initiatives.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The Indian Parliament has recently cleared the second amendment of the Indian
Patents Bill.
Reason (R): This amendment takes into consideration issues of unauthorized exploitation,
including patent terms, emergency provisions, and research and development initiatives.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
Answer Key
14
21
31
43
51
63
71
82
93
103
112
122
131
144
153
163
172
183
193
203
213
221
232
242
251
264
271
283
291
302
314
324
332
343
353
364
372
384
392
404
413
422
431
442
453
464
472
483
494
502
512
521
532
541
551
562
571
581
594
601
614
623
633
642
653
661
674
681
692
701
714
724
733
741
754
761
774
781
791
803
813
822
831
844
853
864
872
882
892
903
911
923
934
941
953
961
972
984
993
1001
1013
1023
1034
1044
1052
1061
1072
1081
1094
1103
1112
1121
1134
1143
1151
1161
1172
1183
1192
1202
1212
1221
1232
1244
1252
1264
1271
1283
1291
1301
1311
1324
1334
1344
1354
1361
1371
1383
1392
1401
1411
1423
1434
1442
1453
1462
1473
1482
1494
1501
1512
1523
1534
1544
1554
1561
1571
1582
1594
1604
1613
1623
1631
1644
1653
1662
1671
1684
1694
1703
1712
1721
1731
1744
1751
1764
1771
1781
1794
1802
1814
1821
1834
1841
1852
1864
1872
1883
1894
1901
1914
1922
1934
1941
1952
1962
1973
1981
1994
2002
2012
2021
2032
2041
2051
2061
2074
2083
2093
2102
2112
2124
2134
2144
2151
2162
2173
2183
2193
2202
2213
2222
2232
2244
2252
2262
2273
2281
2291
2302
2313
2322
2332
2342
2351
2361
2371
2381
2394
2403