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NEET ]1[ Contd...
NEET Biology - Respiration in Plants
Instructions:
- Each question has four options (1), (2), (3), (4). Choose the most correct answer.
- Each correct answer carries 4 marks.
- Each wrong answer will deduct 1 marks.
- Unanswered questions will not be penalised.
1.Which option best represents the source of energy for life processes as described in the chapter?
2.In green plants and cyanobacteria, photosynthesis stores trapped light energy mainly in the bonds of:
3.Which statement is most accurate for photosynthesis in green plants?
4.Which pair is correctly matched?
5.Cellular respiration, in the chapter, is primarily described as:
6.The breaking of C-C bonds of complex compounds through oxidation within cells is called:
7.The compounds oxidised during respiration are known as:
8.Which statement correctly explains why ATP is called the cell's energy currency?
9.Which of the following is a valid reason plants can manage without specialised respiratory organs?
10.The structures mainly used by plants for gaseous exchange are:
11.Large volumes of gas exchange in plants occur mainly during:
12.Loose packing of parenchyma cells supports respiration in plants mainly by providing:
13.The cellular strategy for useful energy extraction from glucose is to:
14.Glycolysis is correctly described as:
15.The EMP pathway is named after:
16.The location and occurrence of glycolysis are best represented by:
17.In plants, sucrose enters glycolysis after being converted into glucose and fructose by:
18.ATP is consumed in glycolysis during the conversions:
19.In glycolysis, NADH + H+ is formed during conversion of:
20.Substrate-level ATP formation in glycolysis occurs during conversion of BPGA to PGA and:
21.The key product of glycolysis whose fate depends on cellular need is:
22.In yeast alcoholic fermentation, pyruvic acid is converted into:
23.The reducing agent in both lactic acid and alcoholic fermentation is:
24.Natural fermentation by yeast is limited because yeast cells die when alcohol concentration reaches about:
25.For aerobic respiration in eukaryotes, pyruvate formed in glycolysis must be transported from:
26.The enzyme complex catalysing oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate is:
27.Pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction directly produces:
28.Krebs’ cycle was first elucidated by:
29.The first reaction of the TCA cycle involves condensation of acetyl group with OAA and water to yield:
30.During the conversion of succinyl-CoA to succinic acid in the TCA cycle, the molecule first synthesised is:
31.Identify the correct statements.
A. Absorption, transport and reproduction require energy.
B. Energy for life processes is obtained by oxidation of food.
C. In green plants, every cell photosynthesises equally.
D. Non-green plant parts also need food for oxidation.
E. Respired food ultimately comes from photosynthesis.
A. Absorption, transport and reproduction require energy.
B. Energy for life processes is obtained by oxidation of food.
C. In green plants, every cell photosynthesises equally.
D. Non-green plant parts also need food for oxidation.
E. Respired food ultimately comes from photosynthesis.
32.Identify the correct statements about plant gaseous exchange.
A. Plants require O2 and release CO2 during respiration.
B. Plants possess specialised respiratory organs comparable to animal lungs.
C. Stomata and lenticels help gaseous exchange.
D. Each plant part largely looks after its own gas-exchange needs.
E. Gas transport from one plant part to another is very little.
A. Plants require O2 and release CO2 during respiration.
B. Plants possess specialised respiratory organs comparable to animal lungs.
C. Stomata and lenticels help gaseous exchange.
D. Each plant part largely looks after its own gas-exchange needs.
E. Gas transport from one plant part to another is very little.
33.Which statements correctly explain why diffusion is sufficient for most plant cells?
A. Gas diffusion distance is usually not great.
B. Living cells are generally close to the surface.
C. Interior cells of woody stems are living and highly respiratory.
D. Loose parenchyma packing creates interconnected air spaces.
E. Lenticels act as openings in stems.
A. Gas diffusion distance is usually not great.
B. Living cells are generally close to the surface.
C. Interior cells of woody stems are living and highly respiratory.
D. Loose parenchyma packing creates interconnected air spaces.
E. Lenticels act as openings in stems.
34.Read the statements and select the correct set.
A. Complete combustion of glucose releases much energy, mostly as heat.
B. Cells oxidise glucose in a single explosive step to conserve ATP.
C. Step-wise oxidation allows coupling of released energy to ATP synthesis.
D. Respiration uses O2 and releases CO2, water and energy.
E. Some present-day organisms are adapted to anaerobic conditions.
A. Complete combustion of glucose releases much energy, mostly as heat.
B. Cells oxidise glucose in a single explosive step to conserve ATP.
C. Step-wise oxidation allows coupling of released energy to ATP synthesis.
D. Respiration uses O2 and releases CO2, water and energy.
E. Some present-day organisms are adapted to anaerobic conditions.
35.Which statements about glycolysis are correct?
A. The term glycolysis means sugar splitting.
B. The EMP pathway is associated with Embden, Meyerhof and Parnas.
C. Glycolysis occurs only in mitochondria.
D. Glycolysis is present in all living organisms.
E. In anaerobic organisms, glycolysis is the only process in respiration.
A. The term glycolysis means sugar splitting.
B. The EMP pathway is associated with Embden, Meyerhof and Parnas.
C. Glycolysis occurs only in mitochondria.
D. Glycolysis is present in all living organisms.
E. In anaerobic organisms, glycolysis is the only process in respiration.
36.Identify the correct statements regarding entry of carbohydrates into glycolysis.
A. In plants, glucose can be derived from sucrose.
B. Invertase converts sucrose into glucose and fructose.
C. Hexokinase phosphorylates glucose and fructose to glucose-6-phosphate as given in the chapter.
D. Glucose-6-phosphate is isomerised to fructose-6-phosphate.
E. Fructose and glucose have no common subsequent glycolytic route.
A. In plants, glucose can be derived from sucrose.
B. Invertase converts sucrose into glucose and fructose.
C. Hexokinase phosphorylates glucose and fructose to glucose-6-phosphate as given in the chapter.
D. Glucose-6-phosphate is isomerised to fructose-6-phosphate.
E. Fructose and glucose have no common subsequent glycolytic route.
37.For glycolysis, choose the correct set.
A. It has ten enzyme-controlled reactions.
B. ATP is utilised at two steps.
C. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate splits into DHAP and PGAL.
D. NADH + H+ forms when PGAL is converted to BPGA.
E. The final product is acetyl CoA.
A. It has ten enzyme-controlled reactions.
B. ATP is utilised at two steps.
C. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate splits into DHAP and PGAL.
D. NADH + H+ forms when PGAL is converted to BPGA.
E. The final product is acetyl CoA.
38.Which statements correctly describe ATP-related events in glycolysis?
A. ATP is consumed during glucose to glucose-6-phosphate.
B. ATP is consumed during fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate.
C. ATP is formed during BPGA to PGA.
D. ATP is formed during PEP to pyruvic acid.
E. NADH is formed during PEP to pyruvic acid.
A. ATP is consumed during glucose to glucose-6-phosphate.
B. ATP is consumed during fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate.
C. ATP is formed during BPGA to PGA.
D. ATP is formed during PEP to pyruvic acid.
E. NADH is formed during PEP to pyruvic acid.
39.The fate of pyruvate can include:
A. Lactic acid fermentation.
B. Alcoholic fermentation.
C. Aerobic respiration.
D. Direct conversion into chlorophyll in glycolysis.
E. Complete oxidation through Krebs' cycle when O2 is supplied.
A. Lactic acid fermentation.
B. Alcoholic fermentation.
C. Aerobic respiration.
D. Direct conversion into chlorophyll in glycolysis.
E. Complete oxidation through Krebs' cycle when O2 is supplied.
40.Which statements about fermentation are correct?
A. It is an anaerobic process in many prokaryotes and unicellular eukaryotes.
B. In yeast, pyruvate forms CO2 and ethanol.
C. Pyruvic acid decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase are involved in alcoholic fermentation.
D. Some bacteria form lactic acid from pyruvate.
E. O2 acts as the final hydrogen acceptor in fermentation.
A. It is an anaerobic process in many prokaryotes and unicellular eukaryotes.
B. In yeast, pyruvate forms CO2 and ethanol.
C. Pyruvic acid decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase are involved in alcoholic fermentation.
D. Some bacteria form lactic acid from pyruvate.
E. O2 acts as the final hydrogen acceptor in fermentation.
41.Select the correct statements about fermentation energy and hazard.
A. Less than seven per cent of glucose energy is released.
B. All released energy is trapped as ATP.
C. Acid or alcohol production makes the process hazardous.
D. Net ATP per glucose in fermentation is two.
E. Yeast dies at about 13% alcohol concentration.
A. Less than seven per cent of glucose energy is released.
B. All released energy is trapped as ATP.
C. Acid or alcohol production makes the process hazardous.
D. Net ATP per glucose in fermentation is two.
E. Yeast dies at about 13% alcohol concentration.
42.For aerobic respiration, identify the correct statements.
A. It leads to complete oxidation of organic substances in the presence of O2.
B. In eukaryotes, its later steps occur in mitochondria.
C. Pyruvate must move from cytoplasm into mitochondria.
D. It is most common in higher organisms.
E. It releases only two ATP per glucose and no CO2.
A. It leads to complete oxidation of organic substances in the presence of O2.
B. In eukaryotes, its later steps occur in mitochondria.
C. Pyruvate must move from cytoplasm into mitochondria.
D. It is most common in higher organisms.
E. It releases only two ATP per glucose and no CO2.
43.The crucial events of aerobic respiration include:
A. Complete oxidation of pyruvate by stepwise removal of all hydrogen atoms.
B. Formation of three CO2 molecules from each pyruvate.
C. Passing electrons removed as hydrogen atoms to molecular O2.
D. Simultaneous ATP synthesis with electron transfer.
E. All these events occur only in cytoplasm.
A. Complete oxidation of pyruvate by stepwise removal of all hydrogen atoms.
B. Formation of three CO2 molecules from each pyruvate.
C. Passing electrons removed as hydrogen atoms to molecular O2.
D. Simultaneous ATP synthesis with electron transfer.
E. All these events occur only in cytoplasm.
44.Which statements about oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate are correct?
A. It occurs after pyruvate enters the mitochondrial matrix.
B. It is catalysed by pyruvic dehydrogenase.
C. It requires NAD+ and Coenzyme A.
D. It forms acetyl CoA, CO2 and NADH + H+.
E. One glucose gives one NADH from pyruvate metabolism.
A. It occurs after pyruvate enters the mitochondrial matrix.
B. It is catalysed by pyruvic dehydrogenase.
C. It requires NAD+ and Coenzyme A.
D. It forms acetyl CoA, CO2 and NADH + H+.
E. One glucose gives one NADH from pyruvate metabolism.
45.Choose the correct statements about early TCA cycle events.
A. Acetyl CoA enters TCA/Krebs' cycle.
B. The cycle was elucidated by Hans Krebs.
C. It begins with condensation of acetyl group with OAA and water.
D. Citrate synthase catalyses citric acid formation.
E. CoA remains permanently attached to citric acid.
A. Acetyl CoA enters TCA/Krebs' cycle.
B. The cycle was elucidated by Hans Krebs.
C. It begins with condensation of acetyl group with OAA and water.
D. Citrate synthase catalyses citric acid formation.
E. CoA remains permanently attached to citric acid.
46.Select the correct statements about TCA cycle.
A. Citrate is isomerised to isocitrate.
B. Two successive decarboxylations form alpha-ketoglutarate and then succinyl-CoA.
C. Succinyl-CoA is oxidised to OAA in remaining steps.
D. OAA regeneration allows the cycle to continue.
E. TCA has no requirement for NAD+ regeneration.
A. Citrate is isomerised to isocitrate.
B. Two successive decarboxylations form alpha-ketoglutarate and then succinyl-CoA.
C. Succinyl-CoA is oxidised to OAA in remaining steps.
D. OAA regeneration allows the cycle to continue.
E. TCA has no requirement for NAD+ regeneration.
47.Which TCA-related statements are correct per turn of the cycle?
A. Three NAD+ are reduced to NADH + H+.
B. One FAD+ is reduced to FADH2.
C. Succinyl-CoA to succinic acid involves substrate-level phosphorylation.
D. GTP can couple to ATP synthesis.
E. Oxygen is directly consumed in the citrate synthase step.
A. Three NAD+ are reduced to NADH + H+.
B. One FAD+ is reduced to FADH2.
C. Succinyl-CoA to succinic acid involves substrate-level phosphorylation.
D. GTP can couple to ATP synthesis.
E. Oxygen is directly consumed in the citrate synthase step.
48.Regarding ETS, identify the correct statements.
A. It uses energy stored in NADH + H+ and FADH2.
B. It passes electrons to O2, forming H2O.
C. It is located on the inner mitochondrial membrane.
D. It is a carrier-to-carrier electron movement pathway.
E. It is located in chloroplast stroma during respiration.
A. It uses energy stored in NADH + H+ and FADH2.
B. It passes electrons to O2, forming H2O.
C. It is located on the inner mitochondrial membrane.
D. It is a carrier-to-carrier electron movement pathway.
E. It is located in chloroplast stroma during respiration.
49.Choose the correct set about electron flow.
A. NADH is oxidised by Complex I.
B. Ubiquinone receives reducing equivalents from FADH2 via Complex II.
C. Ubiquinol transfers electrons to cytochrome c via Complex III.
D. Cytochrome c transfers electrons between Complex III and IV.
E. Complex V is cytochrome c oxidase.
A. NADH is oxidised by Complex I.
B. Ubiquinone receives reducing equivalents from FADH2 via Complex II.
C. Ubiquinol transfers electrons to cytochrome c via Complex III.
D. Cytochrome c transfers electrons between Complex III and IV.
E. Complex V is cytochrome c oxidase.
50.Which statements about Complex IV and cytochrome c are correct?
A. Cytochrome c is a small mobile carrier.
B. Cytochrome c is attached to the outer surface of the inner mitochondrial membrane.
C. Complex IV contains cytochromes a and a3.
D. Complex IV contains two copper centres.
E. Cytochrome c carries electrons between Complex I and Complex II.
A. Cytochrome c is a small mobile carrier.
B. Cytochrome c is attached to the outer surface of the inner mitochondrial membrane.
C. Complex IV contains cytochromes a and a3.
D. Complex IV contains two copper centres.
E. Cytochrome c carries electrons between Complex I and Complex II.
51.Select the correct statements about oxidative phosphorylation.
A. Electron passage through Complexes I-IV is coupled to ATP synthase.
B. NADH oxidation yields 3 ATP per molecule in the chapter convention.
C. FADH2 oxidation yields 2 ATP per molecule.
D. Oxygen is vital because it removes hydrogen from the system.
E. Light energy is the immediate energy source for respiratory oxidative phosphorylation.
A. Electron passage through Complexes I-IV is coupled to ATP synthase.
B. NADH oxidation yields 3 ATP per molecule in the chapter convention.
C. FADH2 oxidation yields 2 ATP per molecule.
D. Oxygen is vital because it removes hydrogen from the system.
E. Light energy is the immediate energy source for respiratory oxidative phosphorylation.
52.For ATP synthase, identify the correct statements.
A. It is Complex V.
B. It has F1 and F0 components.
C. F1 contains the ATP synthesis site.
D. F0 forms the proton channel.
E. Protons move from matrix to intermembrane space through F0 to make ATP.
A. It is Complex V.
B. It has F1 and F0 components.
C. F1 contains the ATP synthesis site.
D. F0 forms the proton channel.
E. Protons move from matrix to intermembrane space through F0 to make ATP.
53.Which are assumptions behind the theoretical ATP balance sheet?
A. Glycolysis, TCA and ETS operate sequentially and orderly.
B. Glycolytic NADH enters mitochondria for oxidative phosphorylation.
C. No intermediates are withdrawn for other synthesis.
D. Only glucose is respired.
E. All pathways operate simultaneously with regulated enzyme rates.
A. Glycolysis, TCA and ETS operate sequentially and orderly.
B. Glycolytic NADH enters mitochondria for oxidative phosphorylation.
C. No intermediates are withdrawn for other synthesis.
D. Only glucose is respired.
E. All pathways operate simultaneously with regulated enzyme rates.
54.Why are balance-sheet assumptions not fully valid in living systems?
A. Pathways work simultaneously.
B. Substrates can enter and leave pathways as needed.
C. ATP is used as and when needed.
D. Enzyme rates are controlled by multiple means.
E. Intermediates never participate in synthesis.
A. Pathways work simultaneously.
B. Substrates can enter and leave pathways as needed.
C. ATP is used as and when needed.
D. Enzyme rates are controlled by multiple means.
E. Intermediates never participate in synthesis.
55.Compare fermentation and aerobic respiration.
A. Fermentation is partial breakdown of glucose.
B. Aerobic respiration completely degrades glucose to CO2 and H2O.
C. Fermentation has net gain of two ATP per glucose.
D. NADH oxidation is slower in fermentation than aerobic respiration.
E. Aerobic respiration produces acid or alcohol as the necessary final product.
A. Fermentation is partial breakdown of glucose.
B. Aerobic respiration completely degrades glucose to CO2 and H2O.
C. Fermentation has net gain of two ATP per glucose.
D. NADH oxidation is slower in fermentation than aerobic respiration.
E. Aerobic respiration produces acid or alcohol as the necessary final product.
56.Select the correct statements about respiratory substrates entering the pathway.
A. Glucose is the favoured substrate.
B. Carbohydrates are usually converted into glucose first.
C. Fats are first broken into glycerol and fatty acids.
D. Fatty acids enter after conversion to PGAL.
E. Glycerol enters after conversion to PGAL.
A. Glucose is the favoured substrate.
B. Carbohydrates are usually converted into glucose first.
C. Fats are first broken into glycerol and fatty acids.
D. Fatty acids enter after conversion to PGAL.
E. Glycerol enters after conversion to PGAL.
57.Which statements about protein and amino acid entry are correct?
A. Proteins are degraded by proteases.
B. Amino acids enter after deamination.
C. Amino acids can enter as Krebs intermediates.
D. Amino acids can enter as pyruvate or acetyl CoA.
E. Proteins enter only as glucose after photosynthesis.
A. Proteins are degraded by proteases.
B. Amino acids enter after deamination.
C. Amino acids can enter as Krebs intermediates.
D. Amino acids can enter as pyruvate or acetyl CoA.
E. Proteins enter only as glucose after photosynthesis.
58.The respiratory pathway is called amphibolic because:
A. It breaks down substrates to derive energy.
B. Its intermediates can be withdrawn for synthesis.
C. It participates in catabolism.
D. It participates in anabolism.
E. It is exclusively a catabolic pathway with no anabolic role.
A. It breaks down substrates to derive energy.
B. Its intermediates can be withdrawn for synthesis.
C. It participates in catabolism.
D. It participates in anabolism.
E. It is exclusively a catabolic pathway with no anabolic role.
59.Choose the correct statements about RQ.
A. RQ = volume of CO2 evolved / volume of O2 consumed.
B. RQ depends on respiratory substrate.
C. Carbohydrate complete oxidation gives RQ = 1.
D. Tripalmitin gives RQ = 145/102.
E. Protein substrate RQ is about 0.9.
A. RQ = volume of CO2 evolved / volume of O2 consumed.
B. RQ depends on respiratory substrate.
C. Carbohydrate complete oxidation gives RQ = 1.
D. Tripalmitin gives RQ = 145/102.
E. Protein substrate RQ is about 0.9.
60.Which statements are consistent with the chapter's warning about respiratory substrates?
A. In living organisms, respiratory substrates are often more than one.
B. Pure proteins or fats are never used as respiratory substrates.
C. RQ can depend on the substrate mixture.
D. Carbohydrate RQ is always lower than fat RQ.
E. Protein substrate RQ is about 0.9.
A. In living organisms, respiratory substrates are often more than one.
B. Pure proteins or fats are never used as respiratory substrates.
C. RQ can depend on the substrate mixture.
D. Carbohydrate RQ is always lower than fat RQ.
E. Protein substrate RQ is about 0.9.
61.Select the correct summary statements.
A. Initial cellular respiration occurs in cytoplasm.
B. Glucose is split into two pyruvic acid molecules.
C. Under anaerobic conditions, lactic acid or alcohol fermentation can occur.
D. In eukaryotes, TCA cycle operates in mitochondrial matrix.
E. ETS occurs in mitochondrial outer membrane.
A. Initial cellular respiration occurs in cytoplasm.
B. Glucose is split into two pyruvic acid molecules.
C. Under anaerobic conditions, lactic acid or alcohol fermentation can occur.
D. In eukaryotes, TCA cycle operates in mitochondrial matrix.
E. ETS occurs in mitochondrial outer membrane.
62.Identify the correct statements about O2 in respiration.
A. Some cells may function where oxygen is unavailable.
B. O2 is required for complete oxidation via aerobic respiration.
C. O2 is the ultimate acceptor of electrons in ETS.
D. O2 is reduced to water.
E. O2 directly oxidises glucose in glycolysis in cytoplasm.
A. Some cells may function where oxygen is unavailable.
B. O2 is required for complete oxidation via aerobic respiration.
C. O2 is the ultimate acceptor of electrons in ETS.
D. O2 is reduced to water.
E. O2 directly oxidises glucose in glycolysis in cytoplasm.
63.Which statements correctly contrast combustion and cellular respiration?
A. Complete combustion releases much energy as heat.
B. Cellular respiration uses step-wise enzyme-controlled oxidation.
C. Step-wise release permits ATP synthesis.
D. Cellular respiration releases all energy freely in the cytoplasm in one step.
E. Respiration involves breaking C-C bonds by oxidation.
A. Complete combustion releases much energy as heat.
B. Cellular respiration uses step-wise enzyme-controlled oxidation.
C. Step-wise release permits ATP synthesis.
D. Cellular respiration releases all energy freely in the cytoplasm in one step.
E. Respiration involves breaking C-C bonds by oxidation.
64.Which cellular locations are correctly matched?
A. Photosynthesis in eukaryotes — chloroplasts.
B. Glycolysis — cytoplasm.
C. TCA cycle — mitochondrial matrix.
D. ETS — inner mitochondrial membrane.
E. Pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction — chloroplast thylakoid lumen.
A. Photosynthesis in eukaryotes — chloroplasts.
B. Glycolysis — cytoplasm.
C. TCA cycle — mitochondrial matrix.
D. ETS — inner mitochondrial membrane.
E. Pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction — chloroplast thylakoid lumen.
65.For TCA continuation, which statements are correct?
A. Oxaloacetic acid must be replenished.
B. NAD+ must be regenerated from NADH.
C. FAD+ must be regenerated from FADH2.
D. Acetyl CoA must condense with OAA.
E. Citrate synthase is not involved in the cycle.
A. Oxaloacetic acid must be replenished.
B. NAD+ must be regenerated from NADH.
C. FAD+ must be regenerated from FADH2.
D. Acetyl CoA must condense with OAA.
E. Citrate synthase is not involved in the cycle.
66.Which statements about pre-ETS energy carriers are correct?
A. NADH + H+ and FADH2 store energy to be used by ETS.
B. Before ETS discussion, the chapter notes eight NADH + H+ and two FADH2 from glucose breakdown.
C. TCA directly accounts for all ATP promised in aerobic respiration.
D. The role of O2 becomes clear in ETS.
E. Electron carriers are irrelevant to ATP synthesis.
A. NADH + H+ and FADH2 store energy to be used by ETS.
B. Before ETS discussion, the chapter notes eight NADH + H+ and two FADH2 from glucose breakdown.
C. TCA directly accounts for all ATP promised in aerobic respiration.
D. The role of O2 becomes clear in ETS.
E. Electron carriers are irrelevant to ATP synthesis.
67.Choose the correct statement set for the metabolic pathway interrelationship.
A. Fats can contribute via glycerol and fatty acids.
B. Fatty acids connect through acetyl CoA.
C. Glycerol connects through PGAL.
D. Deaminated amino acids can enter at multiple points.
E. Only glucose can ever enter the respiratory pathway.
A. Fats can contribute via glycerol and fatty acids.
B. Fatty acids connect through acetyl CoA.
C. Glycerol connects through PGAL.
D. Deaminated amino acids can enter at multiple points.
E. Only glucose can ever enter the respiratory pathway.
68.Which set contains only statements supported by the chapter?
A. ATP synthase requires proton flow through F0.
B. Four H+ pass through F0 for each ATP produced.
C. F1 is the channel across the inner membrane.
D. F0 is integral membrane protein.
E. F1 is peripheral membrane protein.
A. ATP synthase requires proton flow through F0.
B. Four H+ pass through F0 for each ATP produced.
C. F1 is the channel across the inner membrane.
D. F0 is integral membrane protein.
E. F1 is peripheral membrane protein.
69.Which of the following statements are true?
A. Respiratory quotient is a ratio of volumes.
B. For glucose, CO2 evolved and O2 consumed are equal during complete oxidation.
C. For fats, RQ is generally more than 1.
D. Tripalmitin calculation gives RQ near 0.7.
E. In living organisms, mixed substrates are common.
A. Respiratory quotient is a ratio of volumes.
B. For glucose, CO2 evolved and O2 consumed are equal during complete oxidation.
C. For fats, RQ is generally more than 1.
D. Tripalmitin calculation gives RQ near 0.7.
E. In living organisms, mixed substrates are common.
70.Which statements are correct regarding anaerobic metabolism?
A. Glycolysis can partially oxidise glucose without O2.
B. Fermentation can regenerate NAD+ from NADH + H+.
C. Fermentation releases large energy comparable to aerobic respiration.
D. Lactic acid can form in animal muscles under inadequate oxygen.
E. Alcoholic fermentation involves ethanol formation.
A. Glycolysis can partially oxidise glucose without O2.
B. Fermentation can regenerate NAD+ from NADH + H+.
C. Fermentation releases large energy comparable to aerobic respiration.
D. Lactic acid can form in animal muscles under inadequate oxygen.
E. Alcoholic fermentation involves ethanol formation.
71.Identify the correct sequence-related statements.
A. Glucose may be phosphorylated before isomerisation.
B. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate splits before PGAL oxidation to BPGA.
C. BPGA to PGA precedes one ATP-yielding step.
D. PEP to pyruvate yields ATP.
E. Pyruvate is converted into citrate directly without acetyl CoA.
A. Glucose may be phosphorylated before isomerisation.
B. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate splits before PGAL oxidation to BPGA.
C. BPGA to PGA precedes one ATP-yielding step.
D. PEP to pyruvate yields ATP.
E. Pyruvate is converted into citrate directly without acetyl CoA.
72.Which of the following is incorrect about respiratory substrates?
73.Which statement is not true for plant gaseous exchange?
74.Which is the wrongly matched pair?
75.Which option is not a correct reason for step-wise oxidation of glucose?
76.Which statement about glycolysis is incorrect?
77.Which enzyme-substrate/event pair is incorrectly matched?
78.Which of the following is not one of the three major ways cells handle pyruvic acid in the chapter?
79.Which statement about fermentation is incorrect?
80.Which option is false about lactic acid fermentation as described?
81.Which statement about aerobic respiration is not correct?
82.Which pair is incorrectly matched for mitochondrial compartments?
83.Which of the following is incorrect regarding TCA cycle?
84.Which is not true for TCA yield per turn?
85.Which statement about ETS is incorrect?
86.Which pair is wrongly matched?
87.Which statement about ATP synthase is incorrect?
88.Which is not an assumption in calculating the theoretical respiratory balance sheet?
89.Which entry route is incorrectly matched?
90.Which statement about RQ is incorrect?
91.Match List-I with List-II.
List-I: A. Herbivores B. Carnivores C. Saprophytes D. Cyanobacteria
List-II: i. Prepare food by photosynthesis ii. Depend on dead and decaying matter iii. Obtain food directly from plants iv. Obtain food indirectly from plants
List-I: A. Herbivores B. Carnivores C. Saprophytes D. Cyanobacteria
List-II: i. Prepare food by photosynthesis ii. Depend on dead and decaying matter iii. Obtain food directly from plants iv. Obtain food indirectly from plants
92.Match the plant feature with its role.
A. Stomata B. Lenticels C. Loose parenchyma D. Dead interior cells of woody stem
i. Interconnected air spaces ii. Stem openings for gas exchange iii. Mechanical support iv. Gaseous exchange in leaves
A. Stomata B. Lenticels C. Loose parenchyma D. Dead interior cells of woody stem
i. Interconnected air spaces ii. Stem openings for gas exchange iii. Mechanical support iv. Gaseous exchange in leaves
93.Match the term with its description.
A. Glycolysis B. EMP pathway C. Respiratory substrate D. ATP
i. Energy currency of cell ii. Glucose to pyruvic acid iii. Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway iv. Compound oxidised in respiration
A. Glycolysis B. EMP pathway C. Respiratory substrate D. ATP
i. Energy currency of cell ii. Glucose to pyruvic acid iii. Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway iv. Compound oxidised in respiration
94.Match glycolytic event with the correct detail.
A. Glucose to glucose-6-phosphate B. Fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate C. PGAL to BPGA D. PEP to pyruvic acid
i. NADH + H+ formation ii. ATP utilisation iii. ATP utilisation iv. ATP synthesis
A. Glucose to glucose-6-phosphate B. Fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate C. PGAL to BPGA D. PEP to pyruvic acid
i. NADH + H+ formation ii. ATP utilisation iii. ATP utilisation iv. ATP synthesis
95.Match the molecule/event pair.
A. Sucrose B. Glucose/fructose C. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate D. BPGA
i. Split into DHAP and PGAL ii. Converted by invertase iii. Energy-yielding conversion to PGA iv. Phosphorylated by hexokinase
A. Sucrose B. Glucose/fructose C. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate D. BPGA
i. Split into DHAP and PGAL ii. Converted by invertase iii. Energy-yielding conversion to PGA iv. Phosphorylated by hexokinase
96.Match fermentation component with its correct association.
A. Yeast fermentation B. Pyruvic acid decarboxylase C. Lactate dehydrogenase D. NADH + H+
i. Reducing agent reoxidised to NAD+ ii. CO2 and ethanol formation iii. Involved in alcoholic fermentation iv. Pyruvate to lactic acid in muscles
A. Yeast fermentation B. Pyruvic acid decarboxylase C. Lactate dehydrogenase D. NADH + H+
i. Reducing agent reoxidised to NAD+ ii. CO2 and ethanol formation iii. Involved in alcoholic fermentation iv. Pyruvate to lactic acid in muscles
97.Match pyruvate fate with condition/product.
A. Alcoholic fermentation B. Lactic acid fermentation C. Aerobic respiration D. Glycolysis product
i. Pyruvic acid ii. CO2 and ethanol iii. Complete oxidation through Krebs'/aerobic pathway with O2 iv. Lactic acid
A. Alcoholic fermentation B. Lactic acid fermentation C. Aerobic respiration D. Glycolysis product
i. Pyruvic acid ii. CO2 and ethanol iii. Complete oxidation through Krebs'/aerobic pathway with O2 iv. Lactic acid
98.Match mitochondrial event with location.
A. Oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate B. TCA cycle C. ETS D. Glycolysis
i. Inner mitochondrial membrane ii. Cytoplasm iii. Mitochondrial matrix iv. Mitochondrial matrix
A. Oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate B. TCA cycle C. ETS D. Glycolysis
i. Inner mitochondrial membrane ii. Cytoplasm iii. Mitochondrial matrix iv. Mitochondrial matrix
99.Match TCA event with correct molecule/enzyme.
A. First condensation B. Catalyst of citrate formation C. First member requiring replenishment D. Substrate-level phosphorylation step
i. Oxaloacetic acid ii. Citrate synthase iii. Acetyl group + OAA + water iv. Succinyl-CoA to succinic acid
A. First condensation B. Catalyst of citrate formation C. First member requiring replenishment D. Substrate-level phosphorylation step
i. Oxaloacetic acid ii. Citrate synthase iii. Acetyl group + OAA + water iv. Succinyl-CoA to succinic acid
100.Match TCA outcome with count per turn.
A. NADH + H+ generation B. FADH2 generation C. GTP formation D. CO2 from complete oxidation of one pyruvate
i. One ii. Three iii. One iv. Three
A. NADH + H+ generation B. FADH2 generation C. GTP formation D. CO2 from complete oxidation of one pyruvate
i. One ii. Three iii. One iv. Three
101.Match ETS complex/carrier with description.
A. Complex I B. Complex II C. Complex III D. Complex IV
i. Cytochrome c oxidase with cytochromes a and a3 ii. NADH dehydrogenase iii. Receives FADH2 reducing equivalents iv. Cytochrome bc1 complex
A. Complex I B. Complex II C. Complex III D. Complex IV
i. Cytochrome c oxidase with cytochromes a and a3 ii. NADH dehydrogenase iii. Receives FADH2 reducing equivalents iv. Cytochrome bc1 complex
102.Match ETS component with role.
A. Ubiquinone B. Cytochrome c C. Complex V D. O2
i. Final hydrogen/electron acceptor ii. Receives electrons from Complex I and II routes iii. ATP synthase iv. Mobile carrier between Complex III and IV
A. Ubiquinone B. Cytochrome c C. Complex V D. O2
i. Final hydrogen/electron acceptor ii. Receives electrons from Complex I and II routes iii. ATP synthase iv. Mobile carrier between Complex III and IV
103.Match ATP synthase part with description.
A. F1 B. F0 C. Complex V D. 4H+
i. ATP synthase ii. Proton number per ATP iii. Peripheral headpiece with catalytic site iv. Integral proton channel
A. F1 B. F0 C. Complex V D. 4H+
i. ATP synthase ii. Proton number per ATP iii. Peripheral headpiece with catalytic site iv. Integral proton channel
104.Match balance-sheet statement with category.
A. Sequential pathway B. Glycolytic NADH transferred to mitochondria C. Intermediates withdrawn for synthesis D. Pathways work simultaneously
i. Real-system limitation ii. Assumption iii. Assumption iv. Real-system limitation
A. Sequential pathway B. Glycolytic NADH transferred to mitochondria C. Intermediates withdrawn for synthesis D. Pathways work simultaneously
i. Real-system limitation ii. Assumption iii. Assumption iv. Real-system limitation
105.Match substrate with respiratory entry route.
A. Fatty acids B. Glycerol C. Deaminated amino acids D. Carbohydrates
i. Usually converted first into glucose ii. Acetyl CoA iii. PGAL iv. Krebs intermediates/pyruvate/acetyl CoA
A. Fatty acids B. Glycerol C. Deaminated amino acids D. Carbohydrates
i. Usually converted first into glucose ii. Acetyl CoA iii. PGAL iv. Krebs intermediates/pyruvate/acetyl CoA
106.Match substrate/RQ with correct value or relation.
A. Carbohydrate B. Tripalmitin/fat C. Protein D. RQ formula
i. About 0.9 ii. CO2 evolved / O2 consumed iii. 1.0 iv. 0.7, less than 1
A. Carbohydrate B. Tripalmitin/fat C. Protein D. RQ formula
i. About 0.9 ii. CO2 evolved / O2 consumed iii. 1.0 iv. 0.7, less than 1
107.Match term with best statement.
A. Catabolism B. Anabolism C. Amphibolic pathway D. Respiratory quotient
i. Pathway involved in both breakdown and synthesis ii. Synthesis process iii. Breakdown process iv. Ratio of CO2 evolved to O2 consumed
A. Catabolism B. Anabolism C. Amphibolic pathway D. Respiratory quotient
i. Pathway involved in both breakdown and synthesis ii. Synthesis process iii. Breakdown process iv. Ratio of CO2 evolved to O2 consumed
108.Match process with main product/feature.
A. Complete combustion of glucose B. Alcohol fermentation C. Oxidative phosphorylation D. Photosynthesis in green plants
i. Uses redox energy for proton gradient and ATP synthesis ii. CO2, H2O and much heat iii. CO2 and ethanol from pyruvate iv. Chemical energy stored in carbohydrate bonds
A. Complete combustion of glucose B. Alcohol fermentation C. Oxidative phosphorylation D. Photosynthesis in green plants
i. Uses redox energy for proton gradient and ATP synthesis ii. CO2, H2O and much heat iii. CO2 and ethanol from pyruvate iv. Chemical energy stored in carbohydrate bonds
109.Assertion A: Non-green tissues of green plants need food for oxidation.
Reason R: Only chloroplast-containing cells, usually in superficial layers, carry out photosynthesis.
Reason R: Only chloroplast-containing cells, usually in superficial layers, carry out photosynthesis.
110.Assertion A: ATP acts as the energy currency of the cell.
Reason R: Energy released during respiration is trapped as ATP, which is broken down whenever and wherever energy is required.
Reason R: Energy released during respiration is trapped as ATP, which is broken down whenever and wherever energy is required.
111.Assertion A: Plants can manage without specialised respiratory organs.
Reason R: Every plant part generally manages its own gas exchange and diffusion distances are not great.
Reason R: Every plant part generally manages its own gas exchange and diffusion distances are not great.
112.Assertion A: O2 availability is generally not a problem in photosynthesising cells.
Reason R: O2 is released within the photosynthesising cell.
Reason R: O2 is released within the photosynthesising cell.
113.Assertion A: Glycolysis is also called the EMP pathway.
Reason R: It was described by Embden, Meyerhof and Parnas.
Reason R: It was described by Embden, Meyerhof and Parnas.
114.Assertion A: Glycolysis occurs in mitochondria.
Reason R: TCA cycle operates in mitochondrial matrix.
Reason R: TCA cycle operates in mitochondrial matrix.
115.Assertion A: Fermentation yields much less energy than aerobic respiration.
Reason R: Fermentation accounts for only partial breakdown of glucose and releases less than seven per cent of glucose energy.
Reason R: Fermentation accounts for only partial breakdown of glucose and releases less than seven per cent of glucose energy.
116.Assertion A: Yeast may stop natural fermentation at around 13% alcohol.
Reason R: Yeast poisons itself to death when alcohol concentration reaches about 13%.
Reason R: Yeast poisons itself to death when alcohol concentration reaches about 13%.
117.Assertion A: The pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction forms acetyl CoA.
Reason R: It requires coenzymes such as NAD+ and Coenzyme A and releases CO2 and NADH + H+.
Reason R: It requires coenzymes such as NAD+ and Coenzyme A and releases CO2 and NADH + H+.
118.Assertion A: The TCA cycle must regenerate oxaloacetic acid.
Reason R: Oxaloacetic acid is the first member of the cycle and continued acetyl CoA oxidation requires its replenishment.
Reason R: Oxaloacetic acid is the first member of the cycle and continued acetyl CoA oxidation requires its replenishment.
119.Assertion A: Oxygen is vital in aerobic respiration even though its role is limited to the terminal stage.
Reason R: Oxygen acts as the final hydrogen acceptor and removes hydrogen from the system.
Reason R: Oxygen acts as the final hydrogen acceptor and removes hydrogen from the system.
120.Assertion A: Oxidative phosphorylation differs from photophosphorylation.
Reason R: Respiration uses oxidation-reduction energy to generate the proton gradient, while photophosphorylation uses light energy.
Reason R: Respiration uses oxidation-reduction energy to generate the proton gradient, while photophosphorylation uses light energy.
121.Assertion A: F0 is the ATP synthesis site of ATP synthase.
Reason R: F0 is an integral membrane protein complex that forms the proton channel across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Reason R: F0 is an integral membrane protein complex that forms the proton channel across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
122.Assertion A: The net gain of 38 ATP per glucose is a theoretical calculation.
Reason R: In living systems, pathways work simultaneously, intermediates enter/leave, ATP is used as needed and enzymes are regulated.
Reason R: In living systems, pathways work simultaneously, intermediates enter/leave, ATP is used as needed and enzymes are regulated.
123.Assertion A: The respiratory pathway is amphibolic.
Reason R: It participates in both substrate breakdown and withdrawal of intermediates for synthesis.
Reason R: It participates in both substrate breakdown and withdrawal of intermediates for synthesis.
124.Assertion A: RQ for complete carbohydrate oxidation is 1.
Reason R: Equal volumes of CO2 are evolved and O2 consumed during complete oxidation of carbohydrates.
Reason R: Equal volumes of CO2 are evolved and O2 consumed during complete oxidation of carbohydrates.
125.Based on the glycolysis flow in Figure 12.1, which sequence is correct?
126.In the glycolysis process diagram, the NADH-forming step is best identified as:
127.Using the anaerobic pathway diagram, which route is specifically alcoholic fermentation?
128.In the citric acid cycle diagram, acetyl CoA first combines with which molecule to form citric acid?
129.In the citric acid cycle shown in Figure 12.3, the five-carbon intermediate after a decarboxylation step is:
130.From the ETS diagram, which path is correct for electrons from NADH?
131.In the ETS diagram, electrons/reducing equivalents from FADH2 enter the chain through:
132.In the ATP synthase diagram, which label/function pair is correct?
133.Based on the metabolic interrelationship diagram, which entry is correct?
134.Using the RQ calculation given for tripalmitin, the correct ratio is:
135.In a process map of aerobic respiration, which location pairing is correct?
136.Which complete pathway order is most consistent with the chapter's aerobic respiration outline?
137.Which option contains only correct long combinations about energy trapping?
A. Energy in respiratory substrates is released in slow enzyme-controlled reactions.
B. ATP is synthesised from this released energy.
C. ATP is broken down when and where energy is required.
D. Carbon skeletons from respiration can act as biosynthetic precursors.
A. Energy in respiratory substrates is released in slow enzyme-controlled reactions.
B. ATP is synthesised from this released energy.
C. ATP is broken down when and where energy is required.
D. Carbon skeletons from respiration can act as biosynthetic precursors.
138.Select the option in which all listed pairs are correct.
A. Invertase — sucrose to glucose and fructose
B. Hexokinase — phosphorylation of sugars entering glycolysis
C. Pyruvic acid decarboxylase — alcoholic fermentation
D. Lactate dehydrogenase — pyruvate to lactic acid in muscles
A. Invertase — sucrose to glucose and fructose
B. Hexokinase — phosphorylation of sugars entering glycolysis
C. Pyruvic acid decarboxylase — alcoholic fermentation
D. Lactate dehydrogenase — pyruvate to lactic acid in muscles
139.Choose the option that contains all correct mitochondrial statements.
A. Pyruvate enters mitochondria from cytoplasm.
B. Pyruvate undergoes oxidative decarboxylation in the matrix.
C. TCA cycle operates in matrix.
D. ETS is present in inner mitochondrial membrane.
E. ATP synthase is Complex V.
A. Pyruvate enters mitochondria from cytoplasm.
B. Pyruvate undergoes oxidative decarboxylation in the matrix.
C. TCA cycle operates in matrix.
D. ETS is present in inner mitochondrial membrane.
E. ATP synthase is Complex V.
140.Which option includes only correct statements about electron transport?
A. NADH enters via Complex I.
B. FADH2 equivalents enter via Complex II.
C. Cytochrome c carries electrons between Complex III and IV.
D. Complex IV contains cytochromes a and a3 and copper centres.
E. O2 is the final hydrogen acceptor.
A. NADH enters via Complex I.
B. FADH2 equivalents enter via Complex II.
C. Cytochrome c carries electrons between Complex III and IV.
D. Complex IV contains cytochromes a and a3 and copper centres.
E. O2 is the final hydrogen acceptor.
141.Which option contains only valid assumptions used for calculating 38 ATP?
A. Glycolysis, TCA and ETS occur sequentially.
B. Glycolytic NADH is transferred into mitochondria.
C. Intermediates are not withdrawn for biosynthesis.
D. Only glucose is respired.
E. Alternative substrates freely enter the pathway at all times.
A. Glycolysis, TCA and ETS occur sequentially.
B. Glycolytic NADH is transferred into mitochondria.
C. Intermediates are not withdrawn for biosynthesis.
D. Only glucose is respired.
E. Alternative substrates freely enter the pathway at all times.
142.Choose the option with correct amphibolic-route statements only.
A. Fatty acids may be degraded to acetyl CoA.
B. Glycerol may enter after conversion to PGAL.
C. Amino acids enter after deamination depending on structure.
D. Acetyl CoA can be withdrawn for fatty acid synthesis.
E. Respiratory pathway is only catabolic.
A. Fatty acids may be degraded to acetyl CoA.
B. Glycerol may enter after conversion to PGAL.
C. Amino acids enter after deamination depending on structure.
D. Acetyl CoA can be withdrawn for fatty acid synthesis.
E. Respiratory pathway is only catabolic.
143.Select the option with all correct RQ statements.
A. RQ is a volume ratio.
B. Carbohydrate complete oxidation has RQ = 1.
C. Fat/tripalmitin has RQ less than 1.
D. Protein substrate RQ is about 0.9.
E. Pure proteins or fats are never used alone as substrates in living organisms.
A. RQ is a volume ratio.
B. Carbohydrate complete oxidation has RQ = 1.
C. Fat/tripalmitin has RQ less than 1.
D. Protein substrate RQ is about 0.9.
E. Pure proteins or fats are never used alone as substrates in living organisms.
144.A plant cell is photosynthesising actively. Which inference is most justified from the chapter?
145.If a tissue is temporarily short of oxygen during intense exercise, the chapter's logic predicts pyruvic acid in animal muscle may be converted to:
146.A student calculates the ATP balance sheet assuming that intermediates are continuously withdrawn for amino acid synthesis. What is the best correction?
147.If F0 of ATP synthase is blocked, which effect follows most directly from the chapter description?
148.A respiratory substrate gives CO2 evolved/O2 consumed = 102/145. Which conclusion is most appropriate?
149.A non-green root cell needs ATP. Which statement best applies?
150.A researcher observes that a cell can partially oxidise glucose without oxygen. Which chapter concept is directly supported?
Answer Key
11
21
31
41
51
61
71
81
91
101
111
121
131
141
151
161
171
181
191
201
211
221
231
241
251
261
271
281
291
301
311
321
331
341
351
361
371
381
391
401
411
421
431
441
451
461
471
481
491
501
511
521
531
541
551
561
571
581
591
601
611
621
631
641
651
661
671
681
691
701
711
721
731
741
751
761
771
781
791
801
811
821
831
841
851
861
871
881
891
901
911
921
931
941
951
961
971
981
991
1001
1011
1021
1031
1041
1051
1061
1071
1081
1091
1101
1111
1121
1131
1141
1151
1161
1171
1181
1191
1201
1211
1221
1231
1241
1251
1261
1271
1281
1291
1301
1311
1321
1331
1341
1351
1361
1371
1381
1391
1401
1411
1421
1431
1441
1451
1461
1471
1481
1491
1501