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NEET ]1[ Contd...
NEET UG Biology Chapter10
Instructions:
- Each question has four options (1), (2), (3), (4). Choose the most correct answer.
- Each correct answer carries 4 marks.
- Each wrong answer will deduct 1 marks.
- Unanswered questions will not be penalised.
1.According to the chapter, biotechnology essentially deals with:
2.Which set is listed as applications of biotechnology?
3.Which option correctly gives the three critical research areas of biotechnology?
4.The chapter mainly introduces biotechnology applications for improving human life especially in:
5.Which trio represents the three options for increasing food production?
6.The Green Revolution, as stated in the chapter:
7.Increased crop yield during the Green Revolution was mainly due to:
8.Why were alternatives to conventional crop improvement needed?
9.Tissue culture developed mainly because traditional breeding:
10.In tissue culture, whole plants are regenerated from explants grown:
11.Totipotency refers to:
12.Which set of components must the tissue-culture medium provide?
13.Micropropagation means:
14.Plants produced by micropropagation are genetically identical to the original plant and are called:
15.Which set contains food plants commercially produced using micropropagation in the chapter?
16.One important tissue-culture application is recovery of:
17.In a virus-infected plant, which region is stated to be free of virus?
18.Virus-free plants can be obtained by removing and culturing:
19.Meristem culture has succeeded in:
20.Naked protoplasts are obtained after:
21.Protoplasts from two varieties with desirable traits can be fused to form:
22.The hybrids obtained by fusion of somatic protoplasts are called:
23.Pomato was produced by fusing protoplasts of:
24.GM crops are presented as a possible solution to:
25.GMO refers to organisms whose genes have been:
26.Which abiotic stresses are specifically listed for GM-crop tolerance?
27.A direct benefit of pest-resistant GM crops is:
28.Genetic modification also helps reduce:
29.Increased mineral-usage efficiency in GM plants helps prevent:
30.Golden rice is specifically described as:
31.Identify the correct statements from A–D:
A. GM can create tailor-made plants supplying starches, fuels and pharmaceuticals to industries.
B. Production of pest-resistant plants can decrease the amount of pesticide used.
C. Bt toxin is produced by Bacillus thuringiensis.
D. GM tailor-made plants are described only for producing antibodies and not industrial resources.
A. GM can create tailor-made plants supplying starches, fuels and pharmaceuticals to industries.
B. Production of pest-resistant plants can decrease the amount of pesticide used.
C. Bt toxin is produced by Bacillus thuringiensis.
D. GM tailor-made plants are described only for producing antibodies and not industrial resources.
32.Identify the correct statements from A–D:
A. Production of pest-resistant plants can decrease the amount of pesticide used.
B. Bt toxin is produced by Bacillus thuringiensis.
C. Bt toxin gene has been cloned from the bacterium and expressed in plants to provide insect resistance without insecticides, creating a bio-pesticide.
D. Pest-resistant plants increase the amount of pesticide needed.
A. Production of pest-resistant plants can decrease the amount of pesticide used.
B. Bt toxin is produced by Bacillus thuringiensis.
C. Bt toxin gene has been cloned from the bacterium and expressed in plants to provide insect resistance without insecticides, creating a bio-pesticide.
D. Pest-resistant plants increase the amount of pesticide needed.
33.Identify the correct statements from A–D:
A. Bt toxin is produced by Bacillus thuringiensis.
B. Bt toxin gene has been cloned from the bacterium and expressed in plants to provide insect resistance without insecticides, creating a bio-pesticide.
C. Examples of Bt crops include Bt cotton, Bt corn, rice, tomato, potato and soybean.
D. Bt toxin is produced by Escherichia coli in the chapter.
A. Bt toxin is produced by Bacillus thuringiensis.
B. Bt toxin gene has been cloned from the bacterium and expressed in plants to provide insect resistance without insecticides, creating a bio-pesticide.
C. Examples of Bt crops include Bt cotton, Bt corn, rice, tomato, potato and soybean.
D. Bt toxin is produced by Escherichia coli in the chapter.
34.Identify the correct statements from A–D:
A. Bt toxin gene has been cloned from the bacterium and expressed in plants to provide insect resistance without insecticides, creating a bio-pesticide.
B. Examples of Bt crops include Bt cotton, Bt corn, rice, tomato, potato and soybean.
C. Certain Bt strains produce proteins that kill lepidopterans such as tobacco budworm and armyworm.
D. Bt toxin gene is expressed in plants only to make them sensitive to insects.
A. Bt toxin gene has been cloned from the bacterium and expressed in plants to provide insect resistance without insecticides, creating a bio-pesticide.
B. Examples of Bt crops include Bt cotton, Bt corn, rice, tomato, potato and soybean.
C. Certain Bt strains produce proteins that kill lepidopterans such as tobacco budworm and armyworm.
D. Bt toxin gene is expressed in plants only to make them sensitive to insects.
35.Identify the correct statements from A–D:
A. Examples of Bt crops include Bt cotton, Bt corn, rice, tomato, potato and soybean.
B. Certain Bt strains produce proteins that kill lepidopterans such as tobacco budworm and armyworm.
C. Certain Bt strains also kill coleopterans such as beetles and dipterans such as flies and mosquitoes.
D. Bt crops are limited to Bt cotton and exclude corn, rice, tomato, potato and soybean.
A. Examples of Bt crops include Bt cotton, Bt corn, rice, tomato, potato and soybean.
B. Certain Bt strains produce proteins that kill lepidopterans such as tobacco budworm and armyworm.
C. Certain Bt strains also kill coleopterans such as beetles and dipterans such as flies and mosquitoes.
D. Bt crops are limited to Bt cotton and exclude corn, rice, tomato, potato and soybean.
36.Identify the correct statements from A–D:
A. Certain Bt strains produce proteins that kill lepidopterans such as tobacco budworm and armyworm.
B. Certain Bt strains also kill coleopterans such as beetles and dipterans such as flies and mosquitoes.
C. Bacillus thuringiensis forms protein crystals during a particular growth phase.
D. Lepidopterans listed in the chapter are beetles and mosquitoes.
A. Certain Bt strains produce proteins that kill lepidopterans such as tobacco budworm and armyworm.
B. Certain Bt strains also kill coleopterans such as beetles and dipterans such as flies and mosquitoes.
C. Bacillus thuringiensis forms protein crystals during a particular growth phase.
D. Lepidopterans listed in the chapter are beetles and mosquitoes.
37.Identify the correct statements from A–D:
A. Certain Bt strains also kill coleopterans such as beetles and dipterans such as flies and mosquitoes.
B. Bacillus thuringiensis forms protein crystals during a particular growth phase.
C. Bt crystals contain a toxic insecticidal protein.
D. Coleopterans are tobacco budworm and armyworm in the chapter.
A. Certain Bt strains also kill coleopterans such as beetles and dipterans such as flies and mosquitoes.
B. Bacillus thuringiensis forms protein crystals during a particular growth phase.
C. Bt crystals contain a toxic insecticidal protein.
D. Coleopterans are tobacco budworm and armyworm in the chapter.
38.Identify the correct statements from A–D:
A. Bacillus thuringiensis forms protein crystals during a particular growth phase.
B. Bt crystals contain a toxic insecticidal protein.
C. The Bt toxin exists as an inactive protoxin in Bacillus, so it does not kill the bacterium.
D. Bt protein crystals are formed only after the toxin is activated in the insect gut.
A. Bacillus thuringiensis forms protein crystals during a particular growth phase.
B. Bt crystals contain a toxic insecticidal protein.
C. The Bt toxin exists as an inactive protoxin in Bacillus, so it does not kill the bacterium.
D. Bt protein crystals are formed only after the toxin is activated in the insect gut.
39.Identify the correct statements from A–D:
A. Bt crystals contain a toxic insecticidal protein.
B. The Bt toxin exists as an inactive protoxin in Bacillus, so it does not kill the bacterium.
C. In the insect gut, alkaline pH solubilises the crystals and converts inactive Bt toxin into its active form.
D. Bt crystals contain human insulin chains.
A. Bt crystals contain a toxic insecticidal protein.
B. The Bt toxin exists as an inactive protoxin in Bacillus, so it does not kill the bacterium.
C. In the insect gut, alkaline pH solubilises the crystals and converts inactive Bt toxin into its active form.
D. Bt crystals contain human insulin chains.
40.Identify the correct statements from A–D:
A. The Bt toxin exists as an inactive protoxin in Bacillus, so it does not kill the bacterium.
B. In the insect gut, alkaline pH solubilises the crystals and converts inactive Bt toxin into its active form.
C. Activated Bt toxin binds to midgut epithelial cells, creates pores, causes swelling and lysis, and eventually kills the insect.
D. Bt toxin kills Bacillus because it is active inside the bacterium.
A. The Bt toxin exists as an inactive protoxin in Bacillus, so it does not kill the bacterium.
B. In the insect gut, alkaline pH solubilises the crystals and converts inactive Bt toxin into its active form.
C. Activated Bt toxin binds to midgut epithelial cells, creates pores, causes swelling and lysis, and eventually kills the insect.
D. Bt toxin kills Bacillus because it is active inside the bacterium.
41.Identify the correct statements from A–D:
A. In the insect gut, alkaline pH solubilises the crystals and converts inactive Bt toxin into its active form.
B. Activated Bt toxin binds to midgut epithelial cells, creates pores, causes swelling and lysis, and eventually kills the insect.
C. Specific Bt toxin genes are isolated from Bacillus thuringiensis and incorporated into crop plants such as cotton.
D. Acidic pH of insect gut activates Bt toxin in the NCERT line.
A. In the insect gut, alkaline pH solubilises the crystals and converts inactive Bt toxin into its active form.
B. Activated Bt toxin binds to midgut epithelial cells, creates pores, causes swelling and lysis, and eventually kills the insect.
C. Specific Bt toxin genes are isolated from Bacillus thuringiensis and incorporated into crop plants such as cotton.
D. Acidic pH of insect gut activates Bt toxin in the NCERT line.
42.Identify the correct statements from A–D:
A. Activated Bt toxin binds to midgut epithelial cells, creates pores, causes swelling and lysis, and eventually kills the insect.
B. Specific Bt toxin genes are isolated from Bacillus thuringiensis and incorporated into crop plants such as cotton.
C. The choice of Bt gene depends on the crop and target pest because most Bt toxins are insect-group specific.
D. Activated Bt toxin kills insects by preventing disulphide-bond formation.
A. Activated Bt toxin binds to midgut epithelial cells, creates pores, causes swelling and lysis, and eventually kills the insect.
B. Specific Bt toxin genes are isolated from Bacillus thuringiensis and incorporated into crop plants such as cotton.
C. The choice of Bt gene depends on the crop and target pest because most Bt toxins are insect-group specific.
D. Activated Bt toxin kills insects by preventing disulphide-bond formation.
43.Identify the correct statements from A–D:
A. Specific Bt toxin genes are isolated from Bacillus thuringiensis and incorporated into crop plants such as cotton.
B. The choice of Bt gene depends on the crop and target pest because most Bt toxins are insect-group specific.
C. cryIAc and cryIIAb control cotton bollworms, while cryIAb controls corn borer.
D. Bt toxin genes are isolated from the insect and then incorporated into bacteria only.
A. Specific Bt toxin genes are isolated from Bacillus thuringiensis and incorporated into crop plants such as cotton.
B. The choice of Bt gene depends on the crop and target pest because most Bt toxins are insect-group specific.
C. cryIAc and cryIIAb control cotton bollworms, while cryIAb controls corn borer.
D. Bt toxin genes are isolated from the insect and then incorporated into bacteria only.
44.Identify the correct statements from A–D:
A. The choice of Bt gene depends on the crop and target pest because most Bt toxins are insect-group specific.
B. cryIAc and cryIIAb control cotton bollworms, while cryIAb controls corn borer.
C. Several nematodes parasitise many plants and animals, including human beings.
D. Bt gene choice is independent of crop and target pest.
A. The choice of Bt gene depends on the crop and target pest because most Bt toxins are insect-group specific.
B. cryIAc and cryIIAb control cotton bollworms, while cryIAb controls corn borer.
C. Several nematodes parasitise many plants and animals, including human beings.
D. Bt gene choice is independent of crop and target pest.
45.Identify the correct statements from A–D:
A. cryIAc and cryIIAb control cotton bollworms, while cryIAb controls corn borer.
B. Several nematodes parasitise many plants and animals, including human beings.
C. Meloidogyne incognita infects roots of tobacco plants and greatly reduces yield.
D. cryIAb controls cotton bollworms whereas cryIAc controls corn borer.
A. cryIAc and cryIIAb control cotton bollworms, while cryIAb controls corn borer.
B. Several nematodes parasitise many plants and animals, including human beings.
C. Meloidogyne incognita infects roots of tobacco plants and greatly reduces yield.
D. cryIAb controls cotton bollworms whereas cryIAc controls corn borer.
46.Identify the correct statements from A–D:
A. Several nematodes parasitise many plants and animals, including human beings.
B. Meloidogyne incognita infects roots of tobacco plants and greatly reduces yield.
C. RNA interference was used as a novel strategy to prevent nematode infestation.
D. Nematodes parasitise only plants and never animals or humans in this chapter.
A. Several nematodes parasitise many plants and animals, including human beings.
B. Meloidogyne incognita infects roots of tobacco plants and greatly reduces yield.
C. RNA interference was used as a novel strategy to prevent nematode infestation.
D. Nematodes parasitise only plants and never animals or humans in this chapter.
47.Identify the correct statements from A–D:
A. Meloidogyne incognita infects roots of tobacco plants and greatly reduces yield.
B. RNA interference was used as a novel strategy to prevent nematode infestation.
C. RNAi occurs in all eukaryotic organisms as a method of cellular defence.
D. Meloidogyne incognita infects the leaves of cotton and increases yield.
A. Meloidogyne incognita infects roots of tobacco plants and greatly reduces yield.
B. RNA interference was used as a novel strategy to prevent nematode infestation.
C. RNAi occurs in all eukaryotic organisms as a method of cellular defence.
D. Meloidogyne incognita infects the leaves of cotton and increases yield.
48.Identify the correct statements from A–D:
A. RNA interference was used as a novel strategy to prevent nematode infestation.
B. RNAi occurs in all eukaryotic organisms as a method of cellular defence.
C. RNAi silences specific mRNA through a complementary dsRNA molecule that binds to and prevents translation of the mRNA.
D. RNA interference was used to promote nematode infestation.
A. RNA interference was used as a novel strategy to prevent nematode infestation.
B. RNAi occurs in all eukaryotic organisms as a method of cellular defence.
C. RNAi silences specific mRNA through a complementary dsRNA molecule that binds to and prevents translation of the mRNA.
D. RNA interference was used to promote nematode infestation.
49.Identify the correct statements from A–D:
A. RNAi occurs in all eukaryotic organisms as a method of cellular defence.
B. RNAi silences specific mRNA through a complementary dsRNA molecule that binds to and prevents translation of the mRNA.
C. Complementary RNA can come from RNA-virus infection or mobile genetic elements that replicate through an RNA intermediate.
D. RNAi occurs only in bacteria as a cellular defence method.
A. RNAi occurs in all eukaryotic organisms as a method of cellular defence.
B. RNAi silences specific mRNA through a complementary dsRNA molecule that binds to and prevents translation of the mRNA.
C. Complementary RNA can come from RNA-virus infection or mobile genetic elements that replicate through an RNA intermediate.
D. RNAi occurs only in bacteria as a cellular defence method.
50.Identify the correct statements from A–D:
A. RNAi silences specific mRNA through a complementary dsRNA molecule that binds to and prevents translation of the mRNA.
B. Complementary RNA can come from RNA-virus infection or mobile genetic elements that replicate through an RNA intermediate.
C. Agrobacterium vectors introduce nematode-specific genes into the host plant.
D. RNAi increases translation of the target mRNA through complementary dsRNA.
A. RNAi silences specific mRNA through a complementary dsRNA molecule that binds to and prevents translation of the mRNA.
B. Complementary RNA can come from RNA-virus infection or mobile genetic elements that replicate through an RNA intermediate.
C. Agrobacterium vectors introduce nematode-specific genes into the host plant.
D. RNAi increases translation of the target mRNA through complementary dsRNA.
51.Identify the correct statements from A–D:
A. Complementary RNA can come from RNA-virus infection or mobile genetic elements that replicate through an RNA intermediate.
B. Agrobacterium vectors introduce nematode-specific genes into the host plant.
C. The introduced DNA is arranged to produce both sense and antisense RNA in host cells.
D. Complementary RNA cannot come from viruses or transposons.
A. Complementary RNA can come from RNA-virus infection or mobile genetic elements that replicate through an RNA intermediate.
B. Agrobacterium vectors introduce nematode-specific genes into the host plant.
C. The introduced DNA is arranged to produce both sense and antisense RNA in host cells.
D. Complementary RNA cannot come from viruses or transposons.
52.Identify the correct statements from A–D:
A. Agrobacterium vectors introduce nematode-specific genes into the host plant.
B. The introduced DNA is arranged to produce both sense and antisense RNA in host cells.
C. Sense and antisense RNAs form complementary dsRNA that initiates RNAi.
D. Agrobacterium vectors were used to introduce ADA cDNA into lymphocytes in this section.
A. Agrobacterium vectors introduce nematode-specific genes into the host plant.
B. The introduced DNA is arranged to produce both sense and antisense RNA in host cells.
C. Sense and antisense RNAs form complementary dsRNA that initiates RNAi.
D. Agrobacterium vectors were used to introduce ADA cDNA into lymphocytes in this section.
53.Identify the correct statements from A–D:
A. The introduced DNA is arranged to produce both sense and antisense RNA in host cells.
B. Sense and antisense RNAs form complementary dsRNA that initiates RNAi.
C. The parasite cannot survive in a transgenic host expressing specific interfering RNA, so the plant is protected.
D. The introduced DNA produces only sense RNA, not antisense RNA.
A. The introduced DNA is arranged to produce both sense and antisense RNA in host cells.
B. Sense and antisense RNAs form complementary dsRNA that initiates RNAi.
C. The parasite cannot survive in a transgenic host expressing specific interfering RNA, so the plant is protected.
D. The introduced DNA produces only sense RNA, not antisense RNA.
54.Identify the correct statements from A–D:
A. Sense and antisense RNAs form complementary dsRNA that initiates RNAi.
B. The parasite cannot survive in a transgenic host expressing specific interfering RNA, so the plant is protected.
C. The introduced DNA is arranged to produce both sense and antisense RNA in host cells.
D. Sense and antisense RNAs fail to form dsRNA because they are non-complementary.
A. Sense and antisense RNAs form complementary dsRNA that initiates RNAi.
B. The parasite cannot survive in a transgenic host expressing specific interfering RNA, so the plant is protected.
C. The introduced DNA is arranged to produce both sense and antisense RNA in host cells.
D. Sense and antisense RNAs fail to form dsRNA because they are non-complementary.
55.Identify the correct statements from A–D:
A. The parasite cannot survive in a transgenic host expressing specific interfering RNA, so the plant is protected.
B. Sense and antisense RNAs form complementary dsRNA that initiates RNAi.
C. The introduced DNA is arranged to produce both sense and antisense RNA in host cells.
D. The nematode survives better in a host expressing specific interfering RNA.
A. The parasite cannot survive in a transgenic host expressing specific interfering RNA, so the plant is protected.
B. Sense and antisense RNAs form complementary dsRNA that initiates RNAi.
C. The introduced DNA is arranged to produce both sense and antisense RNA in host cells.
D. The nematode survives better in a host expressing specific interfering RNA.
56.Identify the correct statements from A–D:
A. Recombinant DNA processes enable mass production of safe and more effective therapeutic drugs.
B. Recombinant therapeutics do not induce unwanted immunological responses like similar products isolated from non-human sources may do.
C. About 30 recombinant therapeutics have been approved worldwide, and 12 are being marketed in India as stated in the chapter.
D. Recombinant DNA processes make therapeutics less safe and less effective.
A. Recombinant DNA processes enable mass production of safe and more effective therapeutic drugs.
B. Recombinant therapeutics do not induce unwanted immunological responses like similar products isolated from non-human sources may do.
C. About 30 recombinant therapeutics have been approved worldwide, and 12 are being marketed in India as stated in the chapter.
D. Recombinant DNA processes make therapeutics less safe and less effective.
57.Identify the correct statements from A–D:
A. Recombinant therapeutics do not induce unwanted immunological responses like similar products isolated from non-human sources may do.
B. About 30 recombinant therapeutics have been approved worldwide, and 12 are being marketed in India as stated in the chapter.
C. Adult-onset diabetes can be managed by taking insulin at regular intervals.
D. Recombinant therapeutics usually induce unwanted immune responses because they are non-human.
A. Recombinant therapeutics do not induce unwanted immunological responses like similar products isolated from non-human sources may do.
B. About 30 recombinant therapeutics have been approved worldwide, and 12 are being marketed in India as stated in the chapter.
C. Adult-onset diabetes can be managed by taking insulin at regular intervals.
D. Recombinant therapeutics usually induce unwanted immune responses because they are non-human.
58.Identify the correct statements from A–D:
A. About 30 recombinant therapeutics have been approved worldwide, and 12 are being marketed in India as stated in the chapter.
B. Adult-onset diabetes can be managed by taking insulin at regular intervals.
C. Insulin used for diabetes was earlier extracted from pancreas of slaughtered cattle and pigs.
D. The chapter says 300 recombinant therapeutics are marketed in India.
A. About 30 recombinant therapeutics have been approved worldwide, and 12 are being marketed in India as stated in the chapter.
B. Adult-onset diabetes can be managed by taking insulin at regular intervals.
C. Insulin used for diabetes was earlier extracted from pancreas of slaughtered cattle and pigs.
D. The chapter says 300 recombinant therapeutics are marketed in India.
59.Identify the correct statements from A–D:
A. Adult-onset diabetes can be managed by taking insulin at regular intervals.
B. Insulin used for diabetes was earlier extracted from pancreas of slaughtered cattle and pigs.
C. Animal-source insulin caused some patients to develop allergy or reactions to foreign protein.
D. Adult-onset diabetes cannot be managed by regular insulin according to the chapter.
A. Adult-onset diabetes can be managed by taking insulin at regular intervals.
B. Insulin used for diabetes was earlier extracted from pancreas of slaughtered cattle and pigs.
C. Animal-source insulin caused some patients to develop allergy or reactions to foreign protein.
D. Adult-onset diabetes cannot be managed by regular insulin according to the chapter.
60.Identify the correct statements from A–D:
A. Insulin used for diabetes was earlier extracted from pancreas of slaughtered cattle and pigs.
B. Animal-source insulin caused some patients to develop allergy or reactions to foreign protein.
C. Insulin consists of two short polypeptide chains, A and B, linked by disulphide bridges.
D. Insulin was earlier extracted from the liver of slaughtered cattle and pigs.
A. Insulin used for diabetes was earlier extracted from pancreas of slaughtered cattle and pigs.
B. Animal-source insulin caused some patients to develop allergy or reactions to foreign protein.
C. Insulin consists of two short polypeptide chains, A and B, linked by disulphide bridges.
D. Insulin was earlier extracted from the liver of slaughtered cattle and pigs.
61.Identify the correct statements from A–D:
A. Animal-source insulin caused some patients to develop allergy or reactions to foreign protein.
B. Insulin consists of two short polypeptide chains, A and B, linked by disulphide bridges.
C. In mammals, insulin is synthesised as a pro-hormone containing an extra C peptide.
D. Animal-source insulin never caused allergy or reactions in any patient.
A. Animal-source insulin caused some patients to develop allergy or reactions to foreign protein.
B. Insulin consists of two short polypeptide chains, A and B, linked by disulphide bridges.
C. In mammals, insulin is synthesised as a pro-hormone containing an extra C peptide.
D. Animal-source insulin never caused allergy or reactions in any patient.
62.Identify the correct statements from A–D:
A. Insulin consists of two short polypeptide chains, A and B, linked by disulphide bridges.
B. In mammals, insulin is synthesised as a pro-hormone containing an extra C peptide.
C. A pro-hormone needs processing before it becomes a fully mature and functional hormone.
D. Insulin has only one long chain and no disulphide bridges.
A. Insulin consists of two short polypeptide chains, A and B, linked by disulphide bridges.
B. In mammals, insulin is synthesised as a pro-hormone containing an extra C peptide.
C. A pro-hormone needs processing before it becomes a fully mature and functional hormone.
D. Insulin has only one long chain and no disulphide bridges.
63.Identify the correct statements from A–D:
A. In mammals, insulin is synthesised as a pro-hormone containing an extra C peptide.
B. A pro-hormone needs processing before it becomes a fully mature and functional hormone.
C. The C peptide is absent in mature insulin and removed during maturation.
D. In mammals, insulin is synthesised directly as mature insulin without C peptide.
A. In mammals, insulin is synthesised as a pro-hormone containing an extra C peptide.
B. A pro-hormone needs processing before it becomes a fully mature and functional hormone.
C. The C peptide is absent in mature insulin and removed during maturation.
D. In mammals, insulin is synthesised directly as mature insulin without C peptide.
64.Identify the correct statements from A–D:
A. A pro-hormone needs processing before it becomes a fully mature and functional hormone.
B. The C peptide is absent in mature insulin and removed during maturation.
C. The main rDNA challenge in insulin production was getting insulin assembled into a mature form.
D. A pro-hormone is already fully mature and functional without processing.
A. A pro-hormone needs processing before it becomes a fully mature and functional hormone.
B. The C peptide is absent in mature insulin and removed during maturation.
C. The main rDNA challenge in insulin production was getting insulin assembled into a mature form.
D. A pro-hormone is already fully mature and functional without processing.
65.Identify the correct statements from A–D:
A. The C peptide is absent in mature insulin and removed during maturation.
B. The main rDNA challenge in insulin production was getting insulin assembled into a mature form.
C. In 1983, Eli Lilly prepared DNA sequences corresponding to A and B chains of human insulin.
D. C peptide remains attached in mature insulin.
A. The C peptide is absent in mature insulin and removed during maturation.
B. The main rDNA challenge in insulin production was getting insulin assembled into a mature form.
C. In 1983, Eli Lilly prepared DNA sequences corresponding to A and B chains of human insulin.
D. C peptide remains attached in mature insulin.
66.Identify the correct statements from A–D:
A. The main rDNA challenge in insulin production was getting insulin assembled into a mature form.
B. In 1983, Eli Lilly prepared DNA sequences corresponding to A and B chains of human insulin.
C. The A- and B-chain DNA sequences were introduced into E. coli plasmids to produce insulin chains.
D. The main rDNA challenge was to delete the ADA gene.
A. The main rDNA challenge in insulin production was getting insulin assembled into a mature form.
B. In 1983, Eli Lilly prepared DNA sequences corresponding to A and B chains of human insulin.
C. The A- and B-chain DNA sequences were introduced into E. coli plasmids to produce insulin chains.
D. The main rDNA challenge was to delete the ADA gene.
67.Identify the correct statements from A–D:
A. In 1983, Eli Lilly prepared DNA sequences corresponding to A and B chains of human insulin.
B. The A- and B-chain DNA sequences were introduced into E. coli plasmids to produce insulin chains.
C. Chains A and B were produced separately, extracted and combined by creating disulphide bonds to form human insulin.
D. Eli Lilly prepared insulin DNA sequences in 1997.
A. In 1983, Eli Lilly prepared DNA sequences corresponding to A and B chains of human insulin.
B. The A- and B-chain DNA sequences were introduced into E. coli plasmids to produce insulin chains.
C. Chains A and B were produced separately, extracted and combined by creating disulphide bonds to form human insulin.
D. Eli Lilly prepared insulin DNA sequences in 1997.
68.Identify the correct statements from A–D:
A. The A- and B-chain DNA sequences were introduced into E. coli plasmids to produce insulin chains.
B. Chains A and B were produced separately, extracted and combined by creating disulphide bonds to form human insulin.
C. Gene therapy is a collection of methods that allows correction of a diagnosed gene defect in a child or embryo.
D. A and B chain sequences were inserted into human pancreas cells rather than E. coli plasmids.
A. The A- and B-chain DNA sequences were introduced into E. coli plasmids to produce insulin chains.
B. Chains A and B were produced separately, extracted and combined by creating disulphide bonds to form human insulin.
C. Gene therapy is a collection of methods that allows correction of a diagnosed gene defect in a child or embryo.
D. A and B chain sequences were inserted into human pancreas cells rather than E. coli plasmids.
69.Which statement is incorrect about rDNA-produced human insulin?
70.Which statement is NOT true about gene therapy?
71.Choose the incorrect statement regarding gene therapy:
72.Which statement contradicts the chapter’s principle of correcting a genetic defect?
73.Which option is incorrect about the first clinical gene therapy?
74.Which statement is incorrect about ADA?
75.ADA deficiency is caused by:
76.Which is NOT a treatment approach mentioned for ADA deficiency?
77.Which statement is incorrect about enzyme replacement therapy for ADA deficiency?
78.In ADA gene therapy, the first step involves:
79.Choose the incorrect statement about ADA gene therapy:
80.Why is periodic infusion required in the described ADA gene therapy?
81.Which condition could provide a permanent cure for ADA deficiency according to the chapter?
82.Which statement is NOT correct about disease treatment?
83.Which option is incorrect about conventional diagnosis?
84.Which set contains techniques used for early diagnosis?
85.Which statement is incorrect about pathogen detection timing?
86.PCR helps detect very low pathogen concentration because it:
87.Which is NOT listed as a PCR use in the chapter?
88.Which statement is incorrect about probe-based molecular diagnosis?
89.A clone with a mutated gene may not appear on photographic film because:
90.ELISA is based on:
91.Which statement about ELISA is incorrect?
92.Identify the correctly matched pair.
93.Which option correctly matches transgenic animal examples/proportion?
94.Match the use with the example: normal physiology/development study is linked with:
95.Which disease-model set is correctly matched with transgenic animals?
96.Identify the correctly matched biological product pair.
97.Similar attempts using transgenic animals are mentioned for treatment of:
98.Rosie is correctly matched with:
99.Which match is correct for Rosie's milk?
100.Vaccine safety testing is correctly matched with:
101.Chemical safety testing with transgenic animals involves:
102.Which pair is correctly matched under ethical issues?
103.Genetic modification in ecosystems is associated with:
104.GEAC is correctly expanded as:
105.Which option correctly states the role of GEAC?
106.Patent-related problems are associated with:
107.Public anger is linked with companies patenting technologies based on:
108.Which rice-diversity statement is correctly matched?
109.Which pair is correctly matched?
110.Assertion (A): The Basmati patent controversy is discussed as an ethical/patent issue.
Reason (R): In 1997, an American company obtained patent rights on Basmati rice through the US Patent and Trademark Office.
Reason (R): In 1997, an American company obtained patent rights on Basmati rice through the US Patent and Trademark Office.
111.Assertion (A): The patented 'new' Basmati was claimed as novelty although it was derived from Indian farmers' varieties crossed with semi-dwarf varieties.
Reason (R): The chapter says the patent extended to functional equivalents.
Reason (R): The chapter says the patent extended to functional equivalents.
112.Assertion (A): Turmeric and neem appear in the chapter under patent-related traditional herbal medicine issues.
Reason (R): Attempts have been made to patent uses, products and processes based on Indian traditional herbal medicines.
Reason (R): Attempts have been made to patent uses, products and processes based on Indian traditional herbal medicines.
113.Assertion (A): Biopiracy involves unauthorised use of bioresources without compensatory payment.
Reason (R): It is usually defined as authorised use with full benefit-sharing from the start.
Reason (R): It is usually defined as authorised use with full benefit-sharing from the start.
114.Assertion (A): Developing and underdeveloped countries are described as rich in biodiversity and traditional knowledge.
Reason (R): Industrialised nations are described as financially rich but poor in biodiversity and traditional knowledge.
Reason (R): Industrialised nations are described as financially rich but poor in biodiversity and traditional knowledge.
115.Assertion (A): Traditional knowledge can reduce time, effort and expenditure in commercialisation.
Reason (R): Traditional knowledge related to bioresources can be exploited to develop modern applications.
Reason (R): Traditional knowledge related to bioresources can be exploited to develop modern applications.
116.Assertion (A): Some nations are developing laws to prevent unauthorised exploitation of bioresources and traditional knowledge.
Reason (R): The chapter links this with realisation of injustice, inadequate compensation and benefit sharing.
Reason (R): The chapter links this with realisation of injustice, inadequate compensation and benefit sharing.
117.Assertion (A): Bt toxin does not kill Bacillus thuringiensis itself.
Reason (R): In the bacterium, the Bt toxin protein exists as an inactive protoxin.
Reason (R): In the bacterium, the Bt toxin protein exists as an inactive protoxin.
118.Assertion (A): The active Bt toxin eventually kills susceptible insects.
Reason (R): It binds midgut epithelial cells, creates pores, causes swelling and lysis.
Reason (R): It binds midgut epithelial cells, creates pores, causes swelling and lysis.
119.Assertion (A): The choice of Bt gene depends on crop and target pest.
Reason (R): Most Bt toxins are insect-group specific.
Reason (R): Most Bt toxins are insect-group specific.
120.Assertion (A): RNAi protects tobacco plants from Meloidogyne incognita in the described strategy.
Reason (R): dsRNA formed in host cells silences specific nematode mRNA.
Reason (R): dsRNA formed in host cells silences specific nematode mRNA.
121.Assertion (A): Recombinant therapeutics are considered safer and more effective in the chapter.
Reason (R): They do not induce unwanted immunological responses like non-human-source products may do.
Reason (R): They do not induce unwanted immunological responses like non-human-source products may do.
122.Assertion (A): Engineered lymphocytes require periodic infusion in ADA gene therapy.
Reason (R): These cells are not immortal.
Reason (R): These cells are not immortal.
123.Assertion (A): PCR can detect low pathogen concentration before symptoms.
Reason (R): PCR amplifies nucleic acid.
Reason (R): PCR amplifies nucleic acid.
124.Assertion (A): ELISA is useful in infection detection.
Reason (R): ELISA depends on antigen-antibody interaction and can detect antigen or antibody.
Reason (R): ELISA depends on antigen-antibody interaction and can detect antigen or antibody.
125.Based on Figure 10.1, which interpretation is correct?
126.In Figure 10.2, the protected transgenic plant roots are protected because:
127.Figure 10.3 on proinsulin maturation mainly tests which idea?
128.Which sequence correctly represents Bt toxin action after ingestion by an insect?
129.Which sequence correctly represents RNAi-based protection against Meloidogyne incognita?
130.Which sequence best represents rDNA production of human insulin by Eli Lilly?
131.Which process is correctly matched with its diagram-like outcome?
132.A student labels C peptide as present in mature insulin. What is the error?
133.In a table of Bt genes and target pests, which row should be marked correct?
134.In a comparison table of diagnosis tools, which pairing is correct?
135.In a flowchart of ADA gene therapy, which step follows culture of lymphocytes outside the body?
136.In a table of transgenic animal uses, which entry is correct?
137.Choose the option containing only correct statements about tissue culture and somatic hybridisation.
A. Explants are grown under sterile conditions in special nutrient media.
B. Totipotency permits whole-plant regeneration from any cell/explant.
C. Somaclones are genetically unrelated to the parent plant.
D. Pomato resulted from tomato and potato protoplast fusion but lacked desired commercial combination.
E. Micropropagation produces thousands of plants in a short duration.
A. Explants are grown under sterile conditions in special nutrient media.
B. Totipotency permits whole-plant regeneration from any cell/explant.
C. Somaclones are genetically unrelated to the parent plant.
D. Pomato resulted from tomato and potato protoplast fusion but lacked desired commercial combination.
E. Micropropagation produces thousands of plants in a short duration.
138.Choose the correct set about GM crops and Bt technology.
A. Golden rice is vitamin A-enriched.
B. Bt toxin is produced by Bacillus thuringiensis.
C. Bt toxin is active inside Bacillus and kills it.
D. Bt gene choice depends on crop and target pest.
E. cryIAb controls corn borer.
A. Golden rice is vitamin A-enriched.
B. Bt toxin is produced by Bacillus thuringiensis.
C. Bt toxin is active inside Bacillus and kills it.
D. Bt gene choice depends on crop and target pest.
E. cryIAb controls corn borer.
139.Select the correct statements about RNAi-mediated nematode resistance.
A. Meloidogyne incognita infects tobacco roots.
B. RNAi silences mRNA using complementary dsRNA.
C. Agrobacterium vectors introduce nematode-specific genes.
D. Sense and antisense RNA form dsRNA.
E. The parasite survives better in the transgenic host.
A. Meloidogyne incognita infects tobacco roots.
B. RNAi silences mRNA using complementary dsRNA.
C. Agrobacterium vectors introduce nematode-specific genes.
D. Sense and antisense RNA form dsRNA.
E. The parasite survives better in the transgenic host.
140.Choose the correct combination about recombinant insulin.
A. Earlier insulin was extracted from cattle and pigs.
B. Mature insulin has A and B chains joined by disulphide bridges.
C. Mature insulin contains C peptide.
D. Eli Lilly introduced A/B chain sequences into E. coli plasmids.
E. A and B chains were combined after separate production.
A. Earlier insulin was extracted from cattle and pigs.
B. Mature insulin has A and B chains joined by disulphide bridges.
C. Mature insulin contains C peptide.
D. Eli Lilly introduced A/B chain sequences into E. coli plasmids.
E. A and B chains were combined after separate production.
141.Choose the correct combination about ADA gene therapy.
A. First clinical gene therapy was in 1990.
B. ADA is crucial for immune function.
C. ADA deficiency is due to deletion of ADA gene.
D. Retroviral vector introduces functional ADA cDNA into lymphocytes.
E. Periodic infusion is required because engineered lymphocytes are immortal.
A. First clinical gene therapy was in 1990.
B. ADA is crucial for immune function.
C. ADA deficiency is due to deletion of ADA gene.
D. Retroviral vector introduces functional ADA cDNA into lymphocytes.
E. Periodic infusion is required because engineered lymphocytes are immortal.
142.Choose the correct combination about molecular diagnosis.
A. PCR can detect low pathogen concentrations by amplifying nucleic acid.
B. PCR is used for HIV detection and gene mutations in suspected cancer.
C. ELISA is based on antigen-antibody interaction.
D. A mutated clone may not appear if a radioactive probe lacks complementarity.
E. Conventional serum/urine analysis is ideal for early detection.
A. PCR can detect low pathogen concentrations by amplifying nucleic acid.
B. PCR is used for HIV detection and gene mutations in suspected cancer.
C. ELISA is based on antigen-antibody interaction.
D. A mutated clone may not appear if a radioactive probe lacks complementarity.
E. Conventional serum/urine analysis is ideal for early detection.
143.Choose the correct combination about ethical issues.
A. GEAC judges validity of GM research and safety of GM organisms.
B. Biopiracy includes lack of proper authorisation and compensatory payment.
C. India has an estimated 200,000 rice varieties.
D. Basmati has 27 documented varieties in India.
E. Industrialised nations are described as rich in biodiversity and traditional knowledge.
A. GEAC judges validity of GM research and safety of GM organisms.
B. Biopiracy includes lack of proper authorisation and compensatory payment.
C. India has an estimated 200,000 rice varieties.
D. Basmati has 27 documented varieties in India.
E. Industrialised nations are described as rich in biodiversity and traditional knowledge.
144.A farmer has a virus-infected banana stock but wants healthy clones without changing genotype. Which strategy best matches the chapter?
145.A crop is damaged by a specific insect group. Which NEET-safe logic should be used before selecting a Bt gene?
146.A student proposes to cure ADA deficiency permanently by periodically injecting functional ADA only. What is the best correction?
147.A diagnostic lab wants to detect HIV before high pathogen load and symptoms. Which method and principle fit the chapter?
148.A clone does not appear on autoradiographic film after probing. Which inference is most consistent with the chapter?
149.A pharmaceutical company wants an animal model for human disease and faster toxicity testing. Which chapter concept is most relevant?
150.A company patents a product based on biological resources used by indigenous communities without authorisation or compensation. Which term fits best?
Answer Key
14
21
31
43
54
63
73
81
92
103
112
123
131
144
154
161
171
184
193
202
213
221
231
241
252
262
274
282
291
301
312
321
334
343
353
362
371
382
394
404
413
421
433
442
452
463
473
482
492
504
514
524
531
542
552
562
571
582
594
604
614
622
632
642
653
661
673
683
693
702
714
724
732
741
754
764
772
782
791
801
812
822
834
844
851
862
871
881
894
903
913
923
931
944
951
962
971
981
994
1004
1012
1021
1034
1042
1054
1064
1071
1084
1091
1103
1113
1124
1134
1144
1151
1163
1172
1181
1194
1202
1212
1221
1231
1243
1251
1261
1273
1282
1291
1304
1314
1323
1334
1342
1352
1364
1371
1383
1391
1402
1413
1421
1432
1442
1453
1464
1472
1482
1493
1503